graphene
DESCRIPTION
project report on manufacturing of grapheneTRANSCRIPT
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GRAPHENE REINFORCED METAL COMPOSITES AND POLYMER
COMPOSITES`
GIBIN SUNNY ` B090565ME
JEFFIN V THOMAS B090367ME
PRADEEP EAPEN MATHEW B090370ME
SUHAS NAHAS B090086ME
VIPIN DAS B090648ME
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OBJECTIVE
• To enhance the properties of metals such as Aluminium, Copper, Magnesium etc and polymers such as PDMS, epoxy, polyethylene which are extensively used, by reinforcing them with graphene which is a material having high tensile strength, thermal conductivity, optical transmittance and various other mechanical and physical properties.
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GRAPHENEUNIQUE PROPERTIES
• Large theoretical specific area (2360 m2/g) • Thermal conductivity ( 5000 W/mk ) ∼• High intrinsic mobility (200,000 cm2/sv )• Extremely high Young’s modulus ( 1.0 TPa) ∼• Optical transmittance ( 97.7%) ∼
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ALUMINIUM STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS
HIGH STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO
Tensile Strength : 200 MPa to 600 MPa.
Density : 2.70 g·cm−3
APPLICATIONS• Aircraft industry, marine/shipbuilding industry, AND rail
transport industry• Engine Blocks, Wheels, Cylinder heads, Bumper beams
in automobiles.• High pressure gas cylinders.
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ALUMINIUMTHERMAL APPLICATIONS
THERMAL PROPERTIES
Thermal Conductivity : 237 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal Expansion : 23.1 µm·m−1·K−1
APPLICATIONS• Thermal Dissipation by a Fin System that will Draw Heat
away from the Engine Casing• Heat Exchanger for efficient heat transfer from one fluid to
another• Heat Sink in various electronic devices• Heat transfer fin stock and heat transfer tubes in automobiles
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POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANEAPPLICATIONS
UNIQUE PROPERTIES:• Highly flexible and relatively good tensile strength• High Optical Transmittance• Viscoelastic at high temperatures and can mold to any surface
imperfections
APPLICATIONS• Construction of Micro and Nanoscale channels for fluid flow• Micro and Nano fluidic devices• Cooling of small scale integrated circuits by providing proper
channels for cooling fluid flow
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BULK SYNTHESIS OF GRAPHENEMODIFIED HUMMERS METHOD
` Graphite Powder
+ NaNO3 and
mixed properly
Conc. H2SO4 is added
and mix kept in ice bath
KMnO 4 added gradually at a
temperature < 20° C
The mix stirred for 18 hrs in water bath temperature < 35° C
Addition of 150ml of water keeping in ice
bath, t < 50° C
30% H2O2
was added to the mix stirring
for 2 hrs.
Mixture filtered, washed with 10%
aqueous HCl, distilled water,
ethanol (anhydrous)
Resulting solid dried in a vacuum and heated in oven
upto 100° C
Few Layered graphene flakes
are obtained
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GRAPHENECHARACTERIZATION
• Scanning Electron Microscopy• Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy• Thermo-gravimetric Analysis• Atomic Force Microscopy• Raman Spectroscopy• X-Ray Diffraction
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SEM IMAGE (10000X MAGNIFICATION)GRAPHITE
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SEM IMAGE (10000X MAGNIFICATION)GRAPHITE OXIDE
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SEM IMAGE (10000X MAGNIFICATION)GRAPHENE FLAKES
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EDAXGRAPHITE OXIDE
ELEMENT WEIGHT % ATOMIC %
CARBON 58.34 65.60
OXYGEN 39.84 33.63
SULPHUR 1.82 0.77
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EDAXGRAPHENE
ELEMENT WEIGHT % ATOMIC %
CARBON 72.71 78.02
OXYGEN 27.29 21.98
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THERMO-GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSISGRAPHITE
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THERMO-GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSISGRAPHITE OXIDE
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THERMO-GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSISFEW LAYERED GRAPHENE
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ALUMINUM GRAPHENE COMPOSITEPOWDER METALLURGY
2mg (.1 wt %) graphene Mixed
with 20 ml of acetone
Dispersion by Probe
Sonication
Add 2gm of Aluminum Powder at Regular intervals
Mixture Kept for Evaporation of
Acetone
Powder Compaction at a Pressure of
200 MPa
Sintering at a temperature of 550
°C (0.7 - 0.9 Melting Point)
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PDMS GRAPHENE COMPOSITEPREAPARATION
• 5 gms of PDMS and 0.5 gms of Hardener (10:1)• Different weight proportions of Graphene (.1%, .2%, .5%)
Graphene mixed with Hardener
Sonication for Homogeneous
Dispersion
PDMS added and stirred thoroughly
Removal of Entrapped gases
Pouring the mixture into the
glass mould
Heating to 150°C for 10
minutes
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TENSILE TESTSPECIMENS PREPARED
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TENSILE TESTRESULTS OBTAINED (PDMS)
Tensile (Mpa) 1.425
Max Force (N) 4
Elong at Max (%) 26.86
Stress at Break (Mpa) 0.1068
Force at Break (N) 0.3
Elongation (%) 49.14
Stress @ 10 % (Mpa) 0.712
Stress @ 20 % (Mpa) 0.962
Stress @ 30 % (Mpa) 0.1068
Stress @ 40 % (Mpa) 0.1068
Stress @ 50 % (Mpa) 1.425
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TENSILE TESTFORCE V/S ELONGATION CURVE (PDMS)
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TENSILE TESTRESULTS OBTAINED (0.1 wt %)
Tensile (Mpa) 1.088
Max Force (N) 3.3
Elong at Max (%) 35.67
Stress at Break (Mpa) 0.0989
Force at Break (N) 0.3
Elongation (%) 69.7
Stress @ 10 % (Mpa) 0.3296
Stress @ 20 % (Mpa) 0.4285
Stress @ 30 % (Mpa) 0.758
Stress @ 40 % (Mpa) 0.527
Stress @ 50 % (Mpa) 0.3955
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TENSILE TESTFORCE V/S ELONGATION CURVE (0.1 wt. %)
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TENSILE TESTRESULTS OBTAINED (0.5 wt. %)
Tensile (Mpa) 4.242
Max Force (N) 11.3
Elong at Max (%) 73.3
Stress at Break (Mpa) 0.863
Force at Break (N) 2.3
Elongation (%) 74
Stress @ 10 % (Mpa) 0.2628
Stress @ 20 % (Mpa) 0.751
Stress @ 30 % (Mpa) 1.014
Stress @ 40 % (Mpa) 1.502
Stress @ 50 % (Mpa) 2.14
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TENSILE TESTFORCE V/S ELONGATION CURVE (0.5 wt. %)
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WORK TO BE DONE
• Nano-indentation and various other nano-scale tests on the composites for various concentrations of graphene.
• Testing of properties such as Thermal conductivity, Wear Resistance, Indentation etc. on both Aluminium and PDMS composites.
• Study on effectiveness of utilization of PDMS-graphene composite in microfluidic devices and its other potential applications.
• Preparation of graphene reinforced composites of copper and magnesium.
• Preparation of graphene reinforced composites of epoxy and polyethylene.
• Characterization and testing of all composites in macro, micro and nano scales