geoprofiling and other geo-spatial methods against metal theft confidential sncf london, september...

Exploiting geo-spatial analysis

Geoprofiling and other geo-spatial methods against metal theft

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

London, September 15th, 2015

My name is Jean RUAUD I’m crime mapper and geomatician for SNCF

Security. jean.ruaud@sncf.fr

Every time a security incident occurs on the network a CEZAR form is filled in.

CEZAR is SNCF’s security incidents database.

CEZAR means:ConnaissancE des Zones A Risques (knowledge of zones at risk).

Data collection

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

Information on the CEZAR form is entered into the dedicated CEZAR database.

The following typology is used for metal theft:◦ Main category : THEFT◦ Type : SIMPLE THEFT or THEFT WITH INTRUSION◦ Main Consequence : SNCF◦ Second Consequence : METAL or TRACK MATERIAL , ATTEMPTED

THEFT

Other details can be entered :◦ Offenders involved◦ Offenders arrested◦ Victim categories◦ Number of trains affected◦ Total time lost◦ Type of metal and weight◦ Estimated cost

Data collection

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

Data is geolocated:◦ By line number◦ by kilometer post

number where the incident occured on this line number.

This geolocation allows localization mapping of the data:

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

More important for geospatial analysis

Maps address different issues and audiences.

Operational maps: What happened and where? Quick reaction Management of day to day resources

Very simple “dots” maps, conveying their meaning clearly under all conditions.

Exploiting crime mapping

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

Example of map produced

Example of map produced

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

Example of map produced

Tactical maps:Assistance to management in: Resource allocation Hot spot identification Evolution over time Criminal movements Accountability, communication and reporting

Density and chloropeth maps, hot spot analysis, animated maps.

Exploiting crime mapping

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

Example of map produced

Example of map produced

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

Strategic maps: Statistical visualization (correlations, spatial

relative quotient) Problem solving analysis Long term evolution Predictive mapping Geographic profiling Monitoring, assessment, evaluation and

performance reviews Communication

Exploiting crime mapping

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

Example of map produced

GIS (Geographic Information System): ArcGIS 10.2

Geographical databases:◦ Infrastructure geographical database (all the elements

of network infrastructure in vector shapefiles)◦ IGN shapefiles (for administrative limits and elements

in the local environment) ArcGIS Online (for streaming photographic maps

from the Web in GIS) CrimeAnalyst (ArcGIS extension specialized in

crime analysis) RIGEL (geographic profiling)

Tools used at SNCF

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

Geo-profiling is an investigative methodology that uses the locations of a connected series of crimes to determine the most probable area of offender residence (or base, or anchor point).

Originally developed to help police locate serial killers, rapists and arsonists, geographic profiling can be applied to any circumstances where an unidentified person is known to have carried out criminal activities at a series of known geographic points.

Very useful to explore high volume crime series such as metal theft on the railway network.

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

Approaches to geo-profiling

Prioritises areas and individuals for attention

Helps to manage information Is based on what is most likelyWhat geographic profiling is

not… An “X marks the spot” estimation A “silver bullet” A substitute for good investigative work

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

What geographic profiling

does…

Identify a crime series Evaluate suitability for

geographic profiling Verify the linkage and seek

missing data Develop a scenario Create the geographic profile Draw up a suspect list and

prioritize it Produce the report and suggest

investigative strategies

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

The geographic profiling

process

Professional geographic software for police and military analysts

Rigel® is produced and distributed by Environmental Criminology Research Inc. (ECRI) Vancouver, Canada.

Rigel® Software

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

An investigator from the Gendarmerie Nationale (Cooperation Unit) came to us to make a geo-profile of a series of thefts committed on the network.

A series of thefts was detected in the east of France and investigators already had some clues.

They had already done the linkage process and attributed all the offences in the series to the same group of suspected offenders.

Example of geo-profile

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

The thefts were entered in the CEZAR database.

We extracted the entries from the database and made a simple map of their position in ArcGIS.

In this way we could assign geographical coordinates to each of the thefts.

Then the crime sites and clue locations were entered into RIGEL®.

Example of geo-profile

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

Then we produced the first geo-profile based on the scenario involving all the crime sites:

Example of geo-profile

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

High probability zones

Investigators suspected an organized crime group operating in the area. This group used the same modus operandi for each crime. In an abandoned vehicle used by the group, investigators found a piece of metal from the SNCF, this clue allowed them to make the connection between the group and this series of crimes.

Example of geo-profile

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

Investigators made a search of premises used by the group and found more SNCF material.

The premises were found to be within a zone identified by RIGEL.

Example of geo-profile

Zone where the group’s premises were found

CONFIDENTIAL SNCF

Thank you for your attention.

jean.ruaud@sncf.fr