gamification for the health professions

Application of Elements of Gamification Strategies to GCP

David Chandross, M.Ed., M.Sc., Ph.D.Ryerson University and Baycrest Health Sciences

Gaming and Concept MappingGaming and Motivation

Gaming and Clinical SimulationGame-Based Learning Design

What is a Game?Structured Form of Play

Play is Exploration Within Boundaries

Serious Games70% of Fortune 500 Companies

Military: Friday PM SessionsCommerce: Customer Loyalty ProgramsIndustry: Ribbon HeroPatient Participation: Diabetes, AddictionPersonal Motivation: Zombie RunSocial Connectedness: Seniors Wii Bowling LeaguesHealth Professions Education

Names to Watch

Amy Jo KimJane McGonigalScott NicholsonMario HergerAndrzej MarczewskiGabe Zichermann

Gamification Industry Stats

2012: $242M 2015: $1.7B, 2018: $5.5B Estimated Growth14% Higher In Skill-Based Assessments11% Gain in Factual Knowledge9% Increase in Retention Rate79% of Employees and University Students agree that

it would make them more productive

Games for Health Professions Education

Hygiea IHygiea IICascade UnpluggedCascade Application for iPad and AndroidTriggerSandbox Games, Knowledge Recall GamesGame mechanics used for Training HCP

Exploration

Social Connectedness

Achievement

Competition

Bartle's Player TypesExplorers, Socializers, Achievers, Sharks

Engagement

DOSE-E

Dopamine: Reward Systems, High Frequency RewardOxytocin: Connection, Social EngagementSerotonin: Calm, Mastery and ConfidenceEndorphin: Excitement, Risk, RandomnessEndocannibinoids: Novelty Persistence

What Does the Literature Say About Learning?

Situated Cognition and Cognitive Apprenticeship

Situated Cognition and Cognitive Apprenticeship

Problem Based Learning Hybrid with Simulation and Gamification

Concept Map

Motivation

Types of Motivation

Intrinsic Motivation

Fostering Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic Motivation from Gamification

Self Sufficient Verses Dependent Learners

Intrinsic Motivation as a Stable TraitMultiple Types of Motives Don't Multiply the Motivation of West Point Cadets:

PNAS , July 2014, Wrzesniewski, Schwartz et al

Linking IM and Concept Mapping Through Gamification

Narrative

Avatar

Narrative Driving the Concept Map

Gamification, Game-Based Learning, Gameworld

Gamification: The use of game mechanics for engagement, training or performance improvement.

Game-Based Learning: The use of game mechanics to facilitate learning of declarative, procedural or tacit knowledge.

Gameworld: Virtual reality or a simulation of reality with its own boundaries, rules and outcomes. There is no “game” per se, it relies on immersiveness.

Healer's QuestImmersive Gameworld

When he taught at Ryerson University, David Chandross noticed that students who did poorly with conventional lecture-based classes tended to perform a full letter grade better after he transformed a human anatomy and physiology course aimed at first-year nursing and midwifery students into one based around a game he’d created called Healer’s Quest. In this experiment, from 2001 to 2003, Dr. Chandross continued to give a one-hour lecture during each three-hour class, twice a week. But now the bulk of the course was spent playing the competitive, non-digital multi-player game.

University Affairs, Moira Macdonald, January 14, 2015

Healer Quest Mechanics

Group A

Level PtQuiz Scores

Solve

Experience Pt

Healing Points

EasyCase

HardCase

MidCase

Character ClassesSeer

Level I Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5

X Ray CT Scan IVP MRI Atomic

Class Levels Determine Diagnostic Tests or Available Treatments: UNLOCKING

Alchem

1 2 3 4 5

Seer

1 2 3 4 5Priest

1 2 3 4 5Shaman

1 2 3 4 5

CaseHP

Die Roll OutcomeProbability Table Based on Alchemist Level

In-Game ScoringRounds and End Game

XP1000

XP290

XP2500

Round WinnerMost XP or

XP/HP

XP1500

Problem Based Learning Episodes

RelevantPhysiology

DiagnosticTests

Clinical Decision

Need to KnowKnown

Must ResearchTreatment Plan

Simulation Games

Modular Gaming and Time Limited Simulations

Cascade for the CLRI at BaycrestDr. Raquel Meyers, R.N. Ph.D.

Jennifer Regundin, M.Sc.N.

Cascade AppGamification System

Cascade: Action Point System

CaseEasy

CaseHard

Action Points6 Total

SBAR and SOS Data

SBAR/SOSData Collection

Critical Path 1Easy Case

Critical Path 2Hard Case

PSW

RN

ScoringKey is to Spend as Few Action Points as Possible to Gain the Highest Score

Over 50 MinutesCan Have Up To 3 Cases Open at a Time

Case Income10K

WagerMultipliereg. 2X

Case Score20K

Level Up/Wager Action PointsAdds Strategic Depth and is a Measure of Confidence

Wager Action Points Higher Reward

Trigger, IslandsGame Based Learning and Review

Knowledge Island MapTeams Place Markers for Each Correct Answer

Correct Answer Gives One More QuestionMove Through Groups 1-6

High Verses Low Strategic Depth (SD)SD Increases Engagement, Replayability

Increasing Player Choices Increases Agency

RandomnessIncreases Risk and Surprise

Teaches Learner to Manage Opportunity or Challenge

Game Design EleganceHow the Players Distribute “Chips” Can Cause Instant, Unexpected Changes in

the Game Outcome, But Not So Much That it Compromises Effort

Online ToolsLearning Management System

Gamification Platforms

Online ToolsBlogs, Forums, Facebook Page

Text-Driven Leveling SystemBaycrest Geriatric Internship Program

Hygiea II

6 Week Internship20 StudentsQuests – Cases, Achieve XP by CompletingIndividual or Group: Group Provides BonusLevel 1-4 Case Difficulty (22 Cases Total)Random Time Limited Quests (cert., real life situation)Boss Fights: Triple Jump Die Roll Outcome

Age Well Gamification for Senior's Connectedness

David Kaufman, SFU

Adventure Health GamingDaniel Glazier Grant in Addiction Medicine for Adolescents

CPSO Leah Steele, M.D., Ph.D., Allen Kalpin, M.D.

Badge, Leaderboard SystemsAdults in Methadone Treatment

Creativity

Game Design and Creativity

PLAY: Exploration within Boundaries

Implementation Roll Out

Critical Path

1. Form Game Design Teams2. Create Behavioral Objectives: Instructional Design3. Create Game Mechanic: Game Designer4. Design In-Game Currency System: ID and GD5. Determine Winning Conditions: ID and GD6. Define Leaderboard System and End Game: GD

SummaryGame Flow is Everything!

Thanks for Playing!