fun teaching and learning through information communication and technology (ict). sukabumi, nopember...

FUN TEACHING AND LEARNING THROUGH INFORMATION COMMUNICATION

AND TECHNOLOGY (ICT).

Sukabumi, Nopember 2010Salam inovasi

Jasmansyah

http://jasmansyah.co.cc

PASSIVE VOICE

Active: S + V-2 + O

Passive: S + Be + PP(V3) + by + O (tense)EX: My father planted this tree last year.

This tree was planted by my father last year.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Simple Present TenseActive: S + V(s/es) + O

Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O

EX: He reads books every day.Books are read (by him) every day.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Present Continuous TenseActive: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O

Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O

EX: He is writing a novel at the moment.

A novel is being written (by him) at the moment.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Present Perfect TenseActive: S + Has/Have + V3

ed + O

Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O

EX: He has just finished a novel.A novel has just been

finished (by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Simple Past TenseActive: S + V2

ed + O

Passive: S + was/were + PP + by + O

EX: He gave Tom a book.A book was given to Tom (by him).Tom was given a book (by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Past Continuous TenseActive: S + was/were + V-ing + O

Passive: S + was/were + being + PP + by + O

EX: He was writing a letter at 8.00 yesterday.

A letter was being written (by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Past Perfect TenseActive: S + had + V.3 (PP)+ O

Passive: S + had + been + PP + by + O

EX: He had finished his homework before 8.00 yesterday.

His homework had been finished (by him) before 8.00 yesterday.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Simple Future TenseActive: S + will/shall + V.1 + O

Passive: S + will/shall + be + PP + by + O

EX: He will finish the homework.The homework will be

finished.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Future Continuous TenseActive: S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O

Passive: S + will/shall + be + being + PP + by + O

EX: Tom will be cooking lunch at 10.00 tomorrow.

Lunch will be being cooked by Tom at 10.00 tomorrow.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Future Perfect TenseActive: S + will/shall + have + V3

ed + O

Passive: S + will/shall + have + been + PP + by + O

EX: By the end of next week, he will have written 10 letters to her.

By the end of next week, 10 letters will have been written to her.

I WILL HAVE BEEN RICH BY 2020

MODAL VERBS (MV) IN PASSIVE VOICE

Modal Verbs can be used in either the present or past forms.

Active: S + MV (not) + V + O

Passive: S + MV (not) + Be + PP + by + O

EX: We can’t solve this problem.This problem can’t be

solved.

PASSIVE VOICE WITH CAUSATIVE FORM

Active: S + Has/Have + O1 + V (BI)+ O2

S + Get + O1 + V (to-infinitive)

+ O2

Passive: S + Has/Have/Get + O2 + PP

EX: My father had Tom wash his car.My father had his car washed by

Tom

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE

VOICEVerbs of liking/loving/wanting/wishing +

Object + infinitive form their passive with the passive infinitive.

Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2

Passive: S + V + O + To Be + PPEX: He wants someone to take

photographs. He wants photographs to be taken.

Such verbs as “have/let/make/hear/see/watch/feel/ observe” are used in the following passive structure:

Active: S + V + O + V (BI)Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-InfinitiveEX: The gravity makes things drop down.

Things are made to drop down by the gravity.

Note: The verb following “let” does not bear “to” in the passive sentence.

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE

VOICEWith advise/beg/order/recommend/urge +

Indirect Object + Infinitive + Object, we have two ways of making the passive voice.

<1>Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2

Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-infinitive + O2

EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax.The Council was urged to reduce the

tax.

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE

VOICEWith advise/beg/order/recommend/urge +

Indirect Object + infinitive + Object, we have two ways of making the passive voice.

<2>Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2

Passive: S1 + V + that + S2 + should be + PP

EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax.He urged that the tax should be

reduced.

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS AFTER THE

PASSIVE VERB

After acknowledge/assume/believe/claim/

consider /estimate/feel/find/know/report/

say/think /understand …, we use the infinitive construction.

Simple Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive passive is the same as that of the main active verb.

<1>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

EX: People said that he was jealous of her.

It was said that he was jealous of her.

<2>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to + V+ (O)

EX: People said that he was jealous of her.

He was said to be jealous of her.

Perfect Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive passive is earlier than that of the main active verb.

<1>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

EX: People say that he was jealous of her.

It is said that he was jealous of her.

<2>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to have + PP + (O)

EX: People say that he was jealous of her.

He is said to have been jealous of her.

OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE

VOICEWith advise/insist/propose/recommend/suggest + Gerund + Object Active: S + V + V-ing + O

Passive: S + V + that + S + should be + PP

EX: He recommended using bullet-proof glass. He recommended that bullet-proof glass should be used.

OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE

VOICEActive: S + V + O + V-ing

Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O

EX: I remembered my father taking me to the zoo. I remember being taken to the zoo by my father.

Active: S + V + To-inf + O

Passive: S + V + To Be + PP + by + O EX: She started to learn English 5 years ago.

English started to be learnt 5 years ago. Active: S + V + V-ing + O

Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + OEX: She started learning English 5 years ago.

English started being learnt 5 years ago.