essence of containerization
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Essence of Containerization
Containerization
Container
Container System
Operation SitesMethodology
Equipment
Import / Export CycleTracking and Security
Container Management Info. System (CMIS)
Future
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Containerization
1. Purpose / Philosophy
2. Evolution / History
3. Advantages
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Containerization
1. Purpose / Philosophy
2. Evolution / History
3. Advantages
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Categories of Sea Cargo
Liquid Bulk
Dry Bulk
General: Coventional
Container
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Categories of Sea Cargo
Liquid Bulk
Dry Bulk
General: Conventional
Container
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Categories of Sea Cargo
Liquid Bulk
Dry Bulk
General: Conventional
Container
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Categories of Sea Cargo
Liquid Bulk
Dry Bulk
General: Conventional/BreakbulkContainer
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General Cargo: Break bulkLabour Intensive
Time Consuming
Cost ineffective
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Unitization
Palletization
Jumboization
Ro-Ro
Lash
Containerization
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General Cargo: Break bulkLabour Intensive
Time Consuming
Cost ineffective
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Unitization
Palletization
Jumboization
Ro-Ro
Lash
Containerization
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Unitization
Palletization
Jumboization
Ro-Ro
Lash
Containerization
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Unitization
Palletization
Jumboization
Ro-Ro
LASH Containerization
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Unitization
Palletization
Jumboization
Ro-Ro
Lash
Containerization
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Philosophy of Containerisation
To reduce to absolute minimumthe number of times a piece ofcargo is handled
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Containerization
1. Purpose / Philosophy
2. Evolution / History
3. Advantages
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Evolution / History of Containerisation
Rail Container 1920
Sea/ Marine Container 2nd World War
Malcom Maclean
Sealand First Sea Container Transportation 1956
Piggy back system on RORO
Dedicted Container Ship----1966
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Containerization
1. Purpose / Philosophy
2. Evolution / History
3. Advantages
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ADVANTAGES OF CONTAINERIZATION1. Reduced ship time in Port
2. Better berth utilization3. Reduced time between producer and consumer
4. Minimum physical handling of cargo less damage
5. Good security less pilferage
6. Protection against weather and other harmfulatmosphere
7. Less labour & staff cost
8. Saving in packaging cost
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Container
Definition
Physical Characteristics
Types
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Container : Definition Rectangular Box
Weatherproof
Safe and Secure
Standardized features
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CONTAINERPhysical Characteristics
1. Types
2. Size
Weight
3. Markings
4. Construction Material
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Container Types1. Dry General
2. Open Top
3. Open Sided
4. Open Top-open Sided5. Reefer
6. Special
Tank
Pen
Car
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Container Size
LENGTH : 20 FT
40 FT
WIDTH : 8 FT
HEIGHT : 8 FT 6 INCH
9 FT9 FT 6 INCH
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Container Weight1. Tare Weight : 1.5 to 2.5 tons
2. Max Gross Weight : 20 to 45 tons
3. Pay Load : 18 to 42 tons
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Container Markings
ALPHA NUMERICAL MARK
APLU 204151 2
Agent Code Serial Number Check Digit
On All Sides
Except Bottom
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Container Material Steel
Aluminum
FRP / Plywood
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CONTAINER SYSTEM1. Ship operation
2. Quay operation
3. Yard operation
4. R & D operation
Terminal
Off Terminal
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Container System
Container Cycle
Ship Operation Quay Operation
Yard Operation
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Ship Operation
Aim : To turnaround the vessel at the quickestpossible time.
Key Tasks
Interpreting / making Bay PlanNo. of cranes to be mobilized
Discharging / Loading sequence
Allocating jobs to Crane
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20 feet Bays
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40 feet Bays
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20 40 feet bays
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Row Numbering
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Row Numbering
Tier Numbering
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Tier Numbering
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Odd Bay Numbering
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Even Bay Numbering
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Quay Operation
Aim: To keep pace with Ship Operation
Key Tasks
Determining no. of prime movers
Assigning PM/Straddle Carriers to ind.
Cranes.
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Yard Operation
Aim: Receiving / Despatching containerssequentially and quickly
Key Tasks
Planning storageYard Address
Order of stacking
Determining and allocating yard equipments
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Receipt / Delivery Operation
Key Tasks
Receipt of Loaded Export Containers
Receipt of loose export cargo and
stuffing
Delivery of import cargo alongwithcontainer
Delivery of import cargo in loose form
after destuffing
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CONTAINER SYSTEM FACILITIES
A : TERMINAL
Quay or Berth
Quay Apron or Wharf
Yard Control Centre
Gate
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Types of Container Terminal Feeder
Mainline
Hub
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Feeder Terminal
Definition:Where vessels directly calling atPOD/POO cannot be supported andso containers have to be
handled through smaller vesselsfor connecting to mother vessels callingat other ports/terminals
Characteristics Shallow berth less then 10 m draft
Low volume Poor/inadequate
infrastructure/equipment
Low productivity
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Mainline Terminal Definition:Where vessels calling directly atPOD/POO can be serviced
Characteristics
Modestly high draft 12 m Quay length upto 300 m
Good productivity 50-70 moves/vessel hour
Sufficient exchange per call
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HUB Terminal Definition:Where mega ships (more than
6000 tues) with container forseveral ports can be
serviced
Characteristics
Draft more than 14.5 m
Quay length in excess of 330 m
Equipped with many high capability quay cranes Large backup area (yard) more than 10000 tue
cap.
Good hinterland connectivity
Productivity in excess of 120 moves/hour
Receipt / Deli er Operation
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Receipt / Delivery Operation
Sites
Container Freight Station
Inland Container Depot
(CFS)
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(CFS) To provide place for storing import/export FCL
containers
To provide facilities for completing
customs/documentation formalities beforedelivery/shipment
To destuff LCL import containers and to provide
space for their storage before delivery
To receive and consolidate individual exportconsignments and stuff them as LCL cargo
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Definition of FCL/LCL FCL : Full Container Load
LCL : Less than Container Load
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Container Freight StationFeaturesYard
Shed : Ramp / Plinth
Reefer points
Documentation centre
Gate
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Inland Container Depot (ICD)
Similar to CFS but at upcountry / hinterlandAlso called Dry port
First in Bangalore in 1981
Today 55 ICDsAnother 25 expected
Share of ICD Containers is 30%
Expected to increase to 40% Development of Delhi Freight Corridor (DFC)
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D lhi F i ht C id
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Delhi Fright Corridor
Delhi
Howrah Delhi Mumbai (JNPT)
Via Ahemadabad Pallanpur
Via Kota Ratlam
Estimated Cost : Rs. 12000 crore Double line
Double stack with welled wagons
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CONTAINER METHODOLOGY
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CONTAINER METHODOLOGY
Systems for terminal operation
1. Chassis Stand Alone
2. Straddle Carrier Stand Alone
3. Straddle Carrier Tractor / Trailer
4. Transtainer
Tractor / Trailer
5. Front Loader
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Comparison
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Comparison
Parameter Chassis Straddle Carrier TranstainerSpace Requirement Very Large Medium Small
Cost High Moderate Medium
Manning Level More men / lowskill
Less men / High skill More men /Medium skill
Selectivity Very good Medium Low
Quay crane
efficiency
Low Very good Bad
Container damage Very Low High Medium
Maintenance Very low Very high Low
Computerisations Limited Medium High
Container Equipment
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Container Equipment
Rail mounted Quay Gantry Crane
Straddle Carrier
Transtainer : RTG / RMGC
Front Loader: Reach Stacker / TLT
Spreader
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Container Equipment
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Container Equipment
Rail mounted Quay Gantry Crane
Straddle Carrier
Transtainer : RTG / RMGC
Front Loader: Reach Stacker / TLT
Spreader
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Container Equipment
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Container Equipment
Rail mounted Quay Gantry Crane
Straddle Carrier
Transtainer : RTG / RMGC
Front Loader: Reach Stacker / TLT
Spreader
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Container Equipment
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q p
Rail mounted Quay Gantry Crane
Straddle Carrier
Transtainer : RTG / RMGC
Front Loader: Reach Stacker / TLT
Spreader
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CONTAINER EQUIPMENT
SPREADER
1. Manual
2. Semi automatic
3. Automatic
CONTAINER OPERATION - EXPORT CYCLE
Application for Rotation No
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Documents required - Application with vessel details
Registration of Vessel at Port
Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port
Documents required - Application for registration, Ship Registry,
P & I Cover, Safety Mngt. Certificate,
Documents generated - Berthing slip.
Request for berthing of vesselAgencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port
Documents required - Berthing application, PDRs for berth hire
and stevedorin , certified hazardous car o list.
Documents required - Check list, Invoice/Purhcase order,
Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Custom, Port
Filling of Shipping Bill at Custom and Carting of Cargo/Container
Application for Rotation No.
Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Customs
Agencies involved - Concor, Port, Shipping Agent, Custom
Receipt of containers at CFS/RCD
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Movement of container to Terminal
Documents required - Train Summery, Shipping Bill
Documents required - Application for port clearance to
application to Sr. Dock Master for unberthing.
Agencies involved - Port's transporter, Port, Shipping
Documents required - Load list.Documents generated - Tally sheet, Bay plan, Stowage
Unberthing and sailing of vessel.
Movement from Terminal to Shipside
Agencies involved - Port, Shipping Agent, Custom
Documents required - Load list, Shipping Bill
Agencies involved - Port, Shipping Agent, Customs.
Agencies involved - Port Transporters, Shipping AgentDocuments required - Load list.
Documents generated - Gate pass.
Shipment of containers on vessel
CONTAINER OPERATION - IMPORT CYCLE
Application for Rotation No
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Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port, Port's transporter, Customs.
Documents required - Advance list, IGM, Stowage plan, Bay plan.
Documents generated - Discharge Tally Sheet / Yard Tally Sheet.
Discharging of import container and storage at CY.
Documents required - Advance list, IGM, Port payment receipts for
Documents generated - Vessel working permission.
Agencies involved - Ship Agent, Custom, PortDocuments required - Hard and soft copy of IGM.
Submission of Advance List, IGM and advance payment of container charges
Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port
Registration of Vessel at Port
Agencies involved - Ship Agent, Port
Documents required - Application for registration, Ship Registry, P & I Cover,
Safety Mngt. Certificate,
Filing of Import General Manifest (IGM) at Port.
Application for Rotation No.
Agencies involved - Ship Agent, Customs
Documents required - Application with vessel details
Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port.
Berthing of Vessel
Documents required ISPS declaration copy of P & I cover application to Sr Doc
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Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port, Port's transporter, Customs.Documents required - Advance list, IGM, Stowage plan, Bay plan.
Documents generated - Discharge Tally Sheet / Yard Tally Sheet.
Documents required - ISPS declaration, copy of P & I cover, application to Sr. Doc
Discharging of import container and storage at Pre-stack / CY.
Movement from CFS/RCD
Despatch of ICD containers by Rail Delivery of container/cargo from CFS
Movement to CFS/RCD
Agencies involved : Port, Shipping Agents, Customs
Documents required : Advance list, Customs permission,
Documents generated - Yard Tally sheet, Gate Pass
Agencies involved : Port, Shipping
Agents,Customs, Concor
Documents required : SMTP, Railway
indent
Documents generated : Wagon loading
sheet
Agencies involved : Port, Shipping
Agents,Customs, Importer
Documents required : Bill of Lading, Bill
of Entry
Documents generated : Gate Pass
Container Management
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o ta e a age e t
Information System (CMIS)Necessary for :
Planning
Operations
Monitoring
Tracking
Billing
Query
Container Management
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g
Information System (CMIS)Kinds of information:
Vessels related
Container related
Cargo related
Equipment related
T ki
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Tracking
T Card
Batch Mode
Real Time / OnlineBar Code
RFIDGPS
S it & S ill
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Security & SurveillanceSeal :
Strip
Bottle
E: RFID
Access Control :Biometrics:fingerprint/ handgeometry/
CC TV Eye:retinal/iris
Protocol :I S P S
C S I
Scanner:X-ray/gamma
Containerisation : Future
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Container Volume:
Year Global Indian
1980 20 0.1
2000 230 2.0
2005 330 5.5
2010 420 10.0
2020 700 20.0
CAGR 6% 15%
(in M tues)
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Containerisation : Future
Container ship size
Year Generation Type of ship Cap. In tues
1980 1st Semi contr, roro, Cellular upto 750
1985 2nd Dedicated cellular 750 - 1500
1990 3rd Sub panamax 1500-3000
1995 4th Panamax 3000-5000
2000 5th Post panamax 5000-6000
2005 6th Super post panamax 6000-7500
2010 Above 6th ULCS / Mega Above 7500
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on a ner: u ure
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Container productivity
Year Crane/hour Vessel/hour
1998 18 30
2000 20 40
2002 22 60
2004 28 80
2006 32 100
2010 40 150
(No.of moves)
Container: Future
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Container: FutureContainer crane outreach
Year Across
1980 9
1990 13
1995 15
2000 19
2005 22
2010 25
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Potential Indian ContainerPorts
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Ports
West Coast
JNPT
Mundra
East CoastVizag
South Coast
ChennaiVallarpadam
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