essence of containerization

7/29/2019 Essence of Containerization

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Essence of Containerization

Containerization

Container

Container System

Operation SitesMethodology

Equipment

Import / Export CycleTracking and Security

Container Management Info. System (CMIS)

Future


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Containerization

1. Purpose / Philosophy

2. Evolution / History

3. Advantages


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Containerization



3. Advantages


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Categories of Sea Cargo

Liquid Bulk

Dry Bulk

General: Coventional

Container


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Liquid Bulk

Dry Bulk

General: Conventional

Container


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Liquid Bulk

Dry Bulk

General: Conventional

Container


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Liquid Bulk

Dry Bulk

General: Conventional/BreakbulkContainer


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General Cargo: Break bulkLabour Intensive

Time Consuming

Cost ineffective


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Unitization

Palletization

Jumboization

Ro-Ro

Lash

Containerization


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General Cargo: Break bulkLabour Intensive

Time Consuming

Cost ineffective


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Unitization

Palletization

Jumboization

Ro-Ro

Lash

Containerization


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Unitization

Palletization

Jumboization

Ro-Ro

Lash

Containerization


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Unitization

Palletization

Jumboization

Ro-Ro

LASH Containerization


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Unitization

Palletization

Jumboization

Ro-Ro

Lash

Containerization


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Philosophy of Containerisation

To reduce to absolute minimumthe number of times a piece ofcargo is handled


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Containerization



3. Advantages


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Evolution / History of Containerisation

Rail Container 1920

Sea/ Marine Container 2nd World War

Malcom Maclean

Sealand First Sea Container Transportation 1956

Piggy back system on RORO

Dedicted Container Ship----1966


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Containerization



3. Advantages


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ADVANTAGES OF CONTAINERIZATION1. Reduced ship time in Port

2. Better berth utilization3. Reduced time between producer and consumer

4. Minimum physical handling of cargo less damage

5. Good security less pilferage

6. Protection against weather and other harmfulatmosphere

7. Less labour & staff cost

8. Saving in packaging cost


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Container

Definition

Physical Characteristics

Types


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Container : Definition Rectangular Box

Weatherproof

Safe and Secure

Standardized features


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CONTAINERPhysical Characteristics

1. Types

2. Size

Weight

3. Markings

4. Construction Material


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Container Types1. Dry General

2. Open Top

3. Open Sided

4. Open Top-open Sided5. Reefer

6. Special

Tank

Pen

Car


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Container Size

LENGTH : 20 FT

40 FT

WIDTH : 8 FT

HEIGHT : 8 FT 6 INCH

9 FT9 FT 6 INCH


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Container Weight1. Tare Weight : 1.5 to 2.5 tons

2. Max Gross Weight : 20 to 45 tons

3. Pay Load : 18 to 42 tons


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Container Markings

ALPHA NUMERICAL MARK

APLU 204151 2

Agent Code Serial Number Check Digit

On All Sides

Except Bottom


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Container Material Steel

Aluminum

FRP / Plywood


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CONTAINER SYSTEM1. Ship operation

2. Quay operation

3. Yard operation

4. R & D operation

Terminal

Off Terminal


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Container System

Container Cycle

Ship Operation Quay Operation

Yard Operation


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Ship Operation

Aim : To turnaround the vessel at the quickestpossible time.

Key Tasks

Interpreting / making Bay PlanNo. of cranes to be mobilized

Discharging / Loading sequence

Allocating jobs to Crane


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20 feet Bays


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40 feet Bays


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20 40 feet bays


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Row Numbering


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Row Numbering

Tier Numbering


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Tier Numbering


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Odd Bay Numbering


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Even Bay Numbering


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Quay Operation

Aim: To keep pace with Ship Operation

Key Tasks

Determining no. of prime movers

Assigning PM/Straddle Carriers to ind.

Cranes.


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Yard Operation

Aim: Receiving / Despatching containerssequentially and quickly

Key Tasks

Planning storageYard Address

Order of stacking

Determining and allocating yard equipments


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Receipt / Delivery Operation

Key Tasks

Receipt of Loaded Export Containers

Receipt of loose export cargo and

stuffing

Delivery of import cargo alongwithcontainer

Delivery of import cargo in loose form

after destuffing


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CONTAINER SYSTEM FACILITIES

A : TERMINAL

Quay or Berth

Quay Apron or Wharf

Yard Control Centre

Gate


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Types of Container Terminal Feeder

Mainline

Hub


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Feeder Terminal

Definition:Where vessels directly calling atPOD/POO cannot be supported andso containers have to be

handled through smaller vesselsfor connecting to mother vessels callingat other ports/terminals

Characteristics Shallow berth less then 10 m draft

Low volume Poor/inadequate

infrastructure/equipment

Low productivity


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Mainline Terminal Definition:Where vessels calling directly atPOD/POO can be serviced

Characteristics

Modestly high draft 12 m Quay length upto 300 m

Good productivity 50-70 moves/vessel hour

Sufficient exchange per call


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HUB Terminal Definition:Where mega ships (more than

6000 tues) with container forseveral ports can be

serviced

Characteristics

Draft more than 14.5 m

Quay length in excess of 330 m

Equipped with many high capability quay cranes Large backup area (yard) more than 10000 tue

cap.

Good hinterland connectivity

Productivity in excess of 120 moves/hour

Receipt / Deli er Operation


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Receipt / Delivery Operation

Sites

Container Freight Station

Inland Container Depot

(CFS)


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(CFS) To provide place for storing import/export FCL

containers

To provide facilities for completing

customs/documentation formalities beforedelivery/shipment

To destuff LCL import containers and to provide

space for their storage before delivery

To receive and consolidate individual exportconsignments and stuff them as LCL cargo


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Definition of FCL/LCL FCL : Full Container Load

LCL : Less than Container Load


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Container Freight StationFeaturesYard

Shed : Ramp / Plinth

Reefer points

Documentation centre

Gate


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79/120Loose en car o I l d C i D (ICD)


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Inland Container Depot (ICD)

Similar to CFS but at upcountry / hinterlandAlso called Dry port

First in Bangalore in 1981

Today 55 ICDsAnother 25 expected

Share of ICD Containers is 30%

Expected to increase to 40% Development of Delhi Freight Corridor (DFC)


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D lhi F i ht C id


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Delhi Fright Corridor

Delhi

Howrah Delhi Mumbai (JNPT)

Via Ahemadabad Pallanpur

Via Kota Ratlam

Estimated Cost : Rs. 12000 crore Double line

Double stack with welled wagons


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CONTAINER METHODOLOGY


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CONTAINER METHODOLOGY

Systems for terminal operation

1. Chassis Stand Alone

2. Straddle Carrier Stand Alone

3. Straddle Carrier Tractor / Trailer

4. Transtainer

Tractor / Trailer

5. Front Loader


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Comparison


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Comparison

Parameter Chassis Straddle Carrier TranstainerSpace Requirement Very Large Medium Small

Cost High Moderate Medium

Manning Level More men / lowskill

Less men / High skill More men /Medium skill

Selectivity Very good Medium Low

Quay crane

efficiency

Low Very good Bad

Container damage Very Low High Medium

Maintenance Very low Very high Low

Computerisations Limited Medium High

Container Equipment


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Container Equipment

Rail mounted Quay Gantry Crane

Straddle Carrier

Transtainer : RTG / RMGC

Front Loader: Reach Stacker / TLT

Spreader


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Container Equipment


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Container Equipment


Straddle Carrier



Spreader


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Container Equipment


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Container Equipment


Straddle Carrier



Spreader


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Container Equipment


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q p


Straddle Carrier



Spreader


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CONTAINER EQUIPMENT

SPREADER

1. Manual

2. Semi automatic

3. Automatic

CONTAINER OPERATION - EXPORT CYCLE

Application for Rotation No


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Documents required - Application with vessel details

Registration of Vessel at Port

Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port

Documents required - Application for registration, Ship Registry,

P & I Cover, Safety Mngt. Certificate,

Documents generated - Berthing slip.

Request for berthing of vesselAgencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port

Documents required - Berthing application, PDRs for berth hire

and stevedorin , certified hazardous car o list.

Documents required - Check list, Invoice/Purhcase order,

Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Custom, Port

Filling of Shipping Bill at Custom and Carting of Cargo/Container

Application for Rotation No.

Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Customs

Agencies involved - Concor, Port, Shipping Agent, Custom

Receipt of containers at CFS/RCD


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Movement of container to Terminal

Documents required - Train Summery, Shipping Bill

Documents required - Application for port clearance to

application to Sr. Dock Master for unberthing.

Agencies involved - Port's transporter, Port, Shipping

Documents required - Load list.Documents generated - Tally sheet, Bay plan, Stowage

Unberthing and sailing of vessel.

Movement from Terminal to Shipside

Agencies involved - Port, Shipping Agent, Custom

Documents required - Load list, Shipping Bill

Agencies involved - Port, Shipping Agent, Customs.

Agencies involved - Port Transporters, Shipping AgentDocuments required - Load list.

Documents generated - Gate pass.

Shipment of containers on vessel

CONTAINER OPERATION - IMPORT CYCLE

Application for Rotation No


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Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port, Port's transporter, Customs.

Documents required - Advance list, IGM, Stowage plan, Bay plan.

Documents generated - Discharge Tally Sheet / Yard Tally Sheet.

Discharging of import container and storage at CY.

Documents required - Advance list, IGM, Port payment receipts for

Documents generated - Vessel working permission.

Agencies involved - Ship Agent, Custom, PortDocuments required - Hard and soft copy of IGM.

Submission of Advance List, IGM and advance payment of container charges

Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port

Registration of Vessel at Port

Agencies involved - Ship Agent, Port

Documents required - Application for registration, Ship Registry, P & I Cover,

Safety Mngt. Certificate,

Filing of Import General Manifest (IGM) at Port.

Application for Rotation No.

Agencies involved - Ship Agent, Customs

Documents required - Application with vessel details

Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port.

Berthing of Vessel

Documents required ISPS declaration copy of P & I cover application to Sr Doc


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Agencies involved - Shipping Agent, Port, Port's transporter, Customs.Documents required - Advance list, IGM, Stowage plan, Bay plan.

Documents generated - Discharge Tally Sheet / Yard Tally Sheet.

Documents required - ISPS declaration, copy of P & I cover, application to Sr. Doc

Discharging of import container and storage at Pre-stack / CY.

Movement from CFS/RCD

Despatch of ICD containers by Rail Delivery of container/cargo from CFS

Movement to CFS/RCD

Agencies involved : Port, Shipping Agents, Customs

Documents required : Advance list, Customs permission,

Documents generated - Yard Tally sheet, Gate Pass

Agencies involved : Port, Shipping

Agents,Customs, Concor

Documents required : SMTP, Railway

indent

Documents generated : Wagon loading

sheet

Agencies involved : Port, Shipping

Agents,Customs, Importer

Documents required : Bill of Lading, Bill

of Entry

Documents generated : Gate Pass

Container Management


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o ta e a age e t

Information System (CMIS)Necessary for :

Planning

Operations

Monitoring

Tracking

Billing

Query

Container Management


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g

Information System (CMIS)Kinds of information:

Vessels related

Container related

Cargo related

Equipment related

T ki


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Tracking

T Card

Batch Mode

Real Time / OnlineBar Code

RFIDGPS

S it & S ill


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Security & SurveillanceSeal :

Strip

Bottle

E: RFID

Access Control :Biometrics:fingerprint/ handgeometry/

CC TV Eye:retinal/iris

Protocol :I S P S

C S I

Scanner:X-ray/gamma

Containerisation : Future


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Container Volume:

Year Global Indian

1980 20 0.1

2000 230 2.0

2005 330 5.5

2010 420 10.0

2020 700 20.0

CAGR 6% 15%

(in M tues)



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Container ship size

Year Generation Type of ship Cap. In tues

1980 1st Semi contr, roro, Cellular upto 750

1985 2nd Dedicated cellular 750 - 1500

1990 3rd Sub panamax 1500-3000

1995 4th Panamax 3000-5000

2000 5th Post panamax 5000-6000

2005 6th Super post panamax 6000-7500

2010 Above 6th ULCS / Mega Above 7500


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on a ner: u ure


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Container productivity

Year Crane/hour Vessel/hour

1998 18 30

2000 20 40

2002 22 60

2004 28 80

2006 32 100

2010 40 150

(No.of moves)

Container: Future


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Container: FutureContainer crane outreach

Year Across

1980 9

1990 13

1995 15

2000 19

2005 22

2010 25


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Potential Indian ContainerPorts


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Ports

West Coast

JNPT

Mundra

East CoastVizag

South Coast

ChennaiVallarpadam


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