economic value of bushmeat and poverty alleviation in the amazonian region

Economic value of bush meat and poverty alleviation in the Amazonian

region

Sarah Hernandez, PhD., Pierre RiallandMaria Paula Quiceno, Daniel CruzNathalie Van Vliet, Robert Nasi

Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services of bushmeat, ATBC

2014, Cairns, Australia

Outline

• Rational of the study

• Presentation of the methodological aspects

• Results

• Issus for discussion

Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bushmeat,

ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia

Rational of the study (I)• Contribute to the debate on the economic value of

ecosystem services provided by tropical forest– Role of bush meat as part of ecological process (regulating

services)– Bush meat as a contributor to human well-being (provisioning

services).

• Bring some insights on the economic role of bush meat (provisioning services, market organisation, economic growth)

• Provide the basis for good management practices

Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bushmeat,

ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia

Methodological aspects: Main questions (III)

• What is the total production of bush meat in the study area?

• What is the contribution of self-consumption of bush meat?

• What is the contribution of (illegal) trade of wild meat at the regional level?

• What is the net profit from the illegal trade at the regional and at the individual level?

• What are the main factors of wealth generation in the region?

Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bush meat,

ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia

Methodological aspects (II)

Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bushmeat,

ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia

Utility function (hunters, market sellers, restaurants)

πj= b Σ Pi Qi + (1-b) Σ Pi Qi – Σ C (Qi )

Economic rentfrom bush meat trade

Economic value ofsubsistence

Cost associated with Wild meat activities

Semi structured interviews55 hunters (48%)15 market sellers (44%)28 restaurants (61%)

115 hunters34 market sellers46 restaurants

Total production of bush meat

Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bush meat,

ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia

(55 hunters) 6 tons per month114 kg per hunter per month

(115 potential hunters)13 tons per month

US$ 26,000 per month

US$ 55,000 per month

% of total value: Brazil 42% Colombia 22% Peru 36%

Armadillo (Dasypus sp)

Giant (Priodontes maximus)

Paca (Cuniculus paca)

Tapir (Tapirus terrestris)

Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu)

White lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari)

Amazonian tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria)

Curassow (Crax globulosa)

Perdix (Crypturellus sp. Tinamou)

Grey brocket deer (Mazama americana)

Red brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira)

Grey-winged Trumpeter (Psophia crepitans)

Black agouti (Dasyprocta fuliginosa)

Yellow-spotted River Turtle (Podocnemis unifilis)

Spix's guan (Penelope jaqcuacu)

Red howler monkey (Aloautta seniculus)

Economic value of hunters’ self-consumption

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

Brazil

Colombia

Peru

Brazil Colombia Peru

Value of self-consumption

(US$)1435,4 2583,6 1806,3

Value of huntingactivities (US$)

11041,56 5871,82 9506,78

Brazil: 13%Colombia 44%Peru 19%

Total value of the regionUS$6,000 per month (55 hunters)US$109 per hunter per month

Self-consumption (1,4 tons or 25kg per hunter per month) = Upper threshold admitted by law.By law subsistence = feed the family ≠ the surveys showed subsistence = poverty alleviation

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Brazil

Colombia

Peru

Brazil Colombia Peru

Total productiondedicated to self-consumption (Kg)

340 652 419

Total production(Kg)

2618,05 1481,2 2203,3

Hunters economic rent from illegal trade of wild meat

Brazil Colombia Peru

Economic Rent fromtrade (US$)

9606 3288 7700 20595

Total productiondedicated to trade

(Kg)2277,7 829,5 1784,7 4891,8

05000

10000150002000025000

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

Brazil

Colombia

Peru

Net profit per month

Costs associated with hunting activities per month,dollars

Economic rent (per month, dollars)

Brazil 87%Colombia 56%Peru 81%

Total Biomass dedicated to trade: 5 tons

US$21,000 per month (55 hunters)US$381 per hunter per monthTotal costs of hunting activities: US$3,000 per month

Total net profit for the regionUS$18,000 per month

Summary economic value of wild meat for hunters

Total revenue from forest exploitation and fishing activities : US$ 3,130 per monthIllegal trade represents 7 times the revenues from legal activitiesTotal costs of hunting activities: US$2,530 per month

Market sellers’ net profit

Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bush meat,

ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia

Economic rent from tradeUS$33,000 per month

15 market sellersUS$2,500 per market seller per month

 0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000

Brazil

Colombia

Peru

Brazil Colombia Peru

Total Cost per month(US$)

55758 169 109

Total revenues permonth (US$)

65186 3692 20694

Net profit per month(US$)

9 428 3 522 20 586

Restaurants’ economic rent

Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bush meat,

ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia

3914

48305.550,47

402,52

-1.161,13-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

Brazil Colombia Peru

Net profit from wild meat per month (US$)

Net profit from other economic activities (US$)

Total economic rent: US$11,000 per monthTotal costs of acquisition of wild meat US$3,000 Total net profit : US$8,000 per month

Net revenues from chicken’s platesBrazil: US$3,181Colombia: (-)US$4,808Peru (-) US$9,123

Net revenues from fish’s platesBrazil US$6,818Colombia (-)US$3,415Peru (-) US$8,260

Economic value of wild meat throughout the trade chain

Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bush meat,

ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia

Hunters' rentper month

(US$)

Market sellers'rent, per month

(US$)

Restaurants'rent, per month

(US$)

Peru 7700 20694 6731

Colombia 3288 3692 4766

Brazil 9606 687 0

05000

1000015000200002500030000US$57,000 per month

US$685,968 per yearUS$7,220 per stakeholder per year

Gross domestic productBenjamin constantUS$2,290 per capita(2011)

ColombiaMunicipality of the amazonUS$2,987 (2011)

PeruUS$268 per capita (2013)

Discussion• Wild meat has a direct contribution to poverty

alleviation– Self-consumption– Trade

• Wild meat has a direct contribution to wealth generation (income and investments) – Feed equally the shadow economy and the formal economy

• Economic rent = cost of the externalities• Cost of illegality: high in Brazil, unseen in Peru and

Colombia But need to be assessed.

Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bushmeat,

ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia

Opportunity costSunk costs for hunting activities

Regulating

services

Provisioning services

A

B

C

Governance and institutions

Incentives

Knowledge base

Source: T. Elmqvist et al. 2010

Rational of the survey (III)

Potential trade-offs between provisioning and cultural services (bush meat) andregulating services (resilience and complexity of forest ecosystem)

Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services of bushmeat, ATBC

2014, Cairns, Australia

www.cifor.org/bushmeat

FORESTS, WILDLIFE & NUTRITION

Thankssarah-hernandez-p@hotmail.com