on the brazilian amazonian species of acanthoscurria ... · on the brazilian amazonian species of...

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702014000100008

2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia | www.sbzoologia.org.br | www.scielo.br/zoolAll content of the journal, except where identified, is licensed under a Creative Commons attribution-type BY-NC.

Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871 currently contains 29 de-scribed species (PLATNICK 2014) distributed in South America,the Lesser Antilles and Guatemala. The following species weredescribed from states in the Brazilian Amazonian: A. geniculata(C.L. Koch, 1841) from Roraima, A. ferina Simon, 1892 and A.tarda Pocock, 1903 from Amazonas, A. brocklehursti F.O.P.-Cam-bridge, 1896, A. fracta Chamberlin, 1917 and A. transamazonicaPiza, 1972 from Pará, A. juruenicola Mello-Leitão, 1923 and A.xinguensis Timotheo da Costa, 1960 from Mato Grosso. Exceptfor A. fracta, recently synonymized with A. natalensisChamberlin, 1917 (LUCAS et al. 2011), the remaining specieshave been considered valid (PLATNICK 2014). The original de-scriptions of the species are generally based on only one speci-men collected in the XIX or XX century, and emphasized color,position of the eyes, and measurements, but did not illustratethe sexual organs, now regarded as important features in tax-onomy. The holotypes are deposited in the most importantEuropean museums, many as dry specimens, but some are toofragile to be manipulated. Here, the Amazonian species are re-vised and redescribed based on type-material and also on speci-mens from the collection of the Instituto Butantan and otherimportant Brazilian arachnological collections.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The material examined is deposited in the following in-stitutions: Instituto Butantan, São Paulo (IBSP, R.P. Moraes);

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus (INPA,C. Magalhães); Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém (MPEG,A.B. Bonaldo); Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo,São Paulo (MZSP, R. Pinto da Rocha); Faculdades Integradas doTapajós, Santarém (FIT, H. Chalkidis); Muséum Nationald’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN, C. Rollard, E.A. Leguin);The Natural History Museum, London (NHM, J. Beccaloni);Zoologisches Museum Berlin, Berlin (ZMB, J. Dunlop);Naturwissenschaftliches Museum Wien, Vienna (NWMW, C.Hörweg); and Oxford University Museum of Natural History,Oxford (OUMNH, Z. Simmons, J. Hogan, D.J. Mann). All mea-surements are in millimeters and were taken with a millimet-ric ocular lens. Length of leg segments were measured betweenjoints in dorsal view, length and width of carapace, eye tu-bercle, labium and sternum are the maximum values obtained.Total body length excludes chelicerae, pedicel and spinnerets.Terminology for number and disposition of spines follows thatof PETRUNKEVITCH (1925), with modifications proposed by BERTANI

(2001). Variation and natural history observations for eachspecies are provided when available. All drawings were madewith a drawing tube mounted on a Leica MZ-12 stereomicro-scope; photos were taken with a Leica DFC500 digital cameraattached to a Leica MZ16A stereomicroscope. Extended focalrange images were composed with Leica Application Suite ver-sion 2.5.0. The terminology of keels of male palpal bulbs fol-lows BERTANI (2000). Abbreviations: (AME) anterior median eyes,(ALE) anterior lateral eyes, (PLE) posterior lateral eyes, (PME)

On the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria(Araneae: Theraphosidae)

Felipe dos S. Paula1, Ray Gabriel2, Rafael P. Indicatti1, Antonio D. Brescovit1 & Sylvia M. Lucas1

1 Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan. Avenida Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP,Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected];2 Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford University Museum of Natural History. Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, United Kingdom.

ABSTRACT. In this study the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871 are redescribed: A. geniculata

(C.L. Koch, 1841), A. tarda Pocock, 1903, A. juruenicola Mello-Leitão, 1923, A. theraphosoides (Doleschall, 1871).

Acanthoscurria simoensi Vol, 2000 and A. insubtilis Simon, 1892, previously known from French Guyana and Bolivia, respec-

tively, are recorded for Brazil by the first time. The females of these two species are described for the first time and a new

species, A. belterrensis sp. nov., is described from Belterra, Pará, Brazil. In addition, four synonymies are established: A.

transamazonica Piza, 1972 as junior synonym of A. geniculata; A. ferina Simon, 1892 and A. brocklehursti F.O.P.-Cambridge,

1896 of A. theraphosoides; and A. xinguensis Timotheo da Costa, 1960 of A. juruenicola. Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov.resembles A. gomesiana Mello-Leitão, 1923 by the color pattern and structure of sexual organs. The male can be distin-

guished by the less curved embolus and the very projected prolateral superior and prolateral inferior keels, giving a

triangular aspect to the basis of embolus, and the female seminal receptacles presenting a larger and narrower basis.

KEY WORDS. Mygalomorphae; new species; taxonomy; Theraphosinae; spiders.

64 F. dos S. Paula et al.

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014

posterior median eyes, (STC) superior tarsal claws; spines: (ap)apical, (d) dorsal, (v) ventral, (p) prolateral, (r) retrolateral; keels:(PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (A)apical keel, (SGA) subapical granular area.

TAXONOMY

Acanthoscurria geniculata (C.L. Koch, 1841)Figs 1-13, 63

Mygale geniculata C.L. Koch, 1841: 43, fig. 718 (male holotype,BRAZIL, Roraima: (Rio Branco), J. Natterer leg., deposited inZMB 2055, examined by photos sent by J. Dunlop).

Acanthoscurria geniculata: Ausserer, 1871: 206, fig. 10; Simon,1892: 158; F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1896: 737, pl. XXXIV, fig. 17;Mello-Leitão, 1923: 283; Schiapelli & Gerschman de Pikelin,1979: 293, figs 15-16; Bertani, 2001: 325, figs 45-47; Platnick,2014.

Acanthoscurria transamazonica Piza, 1972: 99, fig. 1 (male holo-type, BRAZIL, Pará: Marabá (5°22’41.37"S, 49°6’33.69"W),I.1972, G. Ranzani & M. Camponez do Brasil leg., depositedin IBSP 138248, examined, later destroyed by the fire in theIBSP); Platnick, 2014. Syn. nov.

Diagnosis. Acanthoscurria geniculata is distinguished fromall other species of the genus by the bright color with distalend of each segment broadly covered by a patch of shortcreamy-pink setae, abdomen black, velvety, clothed with longreddish-rufous setae on the dorsal side (Figs 1-2). Acanthoscurriageniculata resembles A. juruenicola, A. simoensi and A. chacoanaBrèthes, 1909 by the morphology of sexual organs, but it canbe distinguished by the more elongated accessory keel on malepalpal bulb, sometimes less projected (Figs 6-7), and by thefemale seminal receptacle presenting a squarer base, with evi-dent and rounded subapical lobes (Figs 8-9).

Description. Male (IBSP 151260). Coloration: carapacein front bordered with pale-pink setae; dorsal side of cheli-cerae, palps and legs with bright-rufous setae. Legs with patchof creamy-pink setae on tip of patella, tibia and metatarsus.Abdomen dark, coffee-brown on dorsal side, with long rufoussetae, and ventral side dark brown (Fig. 1). Total length 48.7.Carapace 26.0 long, 23.0 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeus nar-row. Eye group rectangular 2.2 long, 3.6 wide. Anterior eyerow procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.51, ALE2.06, PME 1.50, PLE 2.32. Labium 3.31 long, 3.30 wide, withca. 150 cuspules. Endites with ca. 240 cuspules each. Sternummoderately convex, 13.1 long, 10.1 wide, with anterior andposterior pairs of sigillae of same size. Cheliceral furrow with11 larger teeth and 85 smaller basal ones. Stridulatory appara-tus with around 20 bristles. STC I with 9 teeth, II with 6, IIIwith 7 and IV with 5. Measurements: palp, femur length 14.0,patella 8.0, tibia 12.8, cymbium 7.0, total 41.8; Legs – I: femur23.2, patella 12.1, tibia 19.0, metatarsus 20.0, tarsus 12.3, total86.6; II: 21.0, 11.0, 17.4, 18.2, 10.9, 78.5; III: 19.0, 10.2, 15.0,

20.0, 11.0, 75.2; IV: 22.4, 10.5, 19.4, 27.6, 12.0, 91.9. Spines:palp, femur p0-0-1p, tibia v0-1p-0-1r-3-3. I: femur p0-0-1, pa-tella r0-1v-1-1ap, tibia v2-1r-1-0-1p-2-1-1-1-2-0-7ap; II: patellar0-0-2ap, tibia v0-2-0-1r-1p-2-1r-1-1p-0-5ap, metatarsus v0-0-3ap; III: patella r0-1-0-0, tibia v0-1-0-2-2-2-0-4ap, metatarsusv2-1-1-2-1-1r-4ap; IV: tibia v2-0-2-1r-2-1r-4ap, metatarsus v1-1-1-1r-1-1-1-1r-3-1-2-1r-1-1-1r-3-5ap. Scopulae on metatarsi Iand II throughout ventral portion, on metatarsus III restrictedto apical half and on IV covering only apex. All tarsi fullyscopulate. Tibial apophysis of leg I with at least 14 spines onapex (Figs 4-5). Palpal tibia with blunt retrolateral tubercle (Fig.3). Male palpal bulb with long and thickened embolus endinglike a shell, formed by superior and inferior keels and withthird accessory elongated keel (Figs 6-7).

Female (IBSP 151260). Coloration like the male, exceptby broader patch of creamy-pink setae on tip of each leg seg-ment (Fig. 2). Total length 62.3. Carapace: 29.6 long, 25.0 wide.Fovea procurved. Clypeus narrow. Eye group rectangular 2.8long, 3.9 wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved.Eye sizes: AME 0.61, ALE 2.48, PME 2.15, PLE 3.11. Labium3.50 long, 3.35 wide, with ca. 150 cuspules. Endites with ca.200 cuspules each. Sternum moderately convex, 14.0 long, 11.1wide, with posterior sigillae three times larger than anterior.Cheliceral furrow with 11 larger teeth and 61 smaller basal ones.Stridulatory apparatus with 25 bristles. STC I with 5 teeth, IIwith 6-7, III with 6-8, IV with 5-6. Measurements: palp: femurlength 15.5, patella 9.3, tibia 11.2, tarsus 15.5, total 51.5. Legs– I: femur 21.0, patella 12.0, tibia 16.2, metatarsus 14.7, tarsus9.0, total 72.9; II: 20.0, 11.1, 13.9, 13.9, 0.91, 68.0; III: 17.6,10.0, 12.4, 15.9, 8.4, 76.7; IV: 21.0, 11.0, 16.0, 21.7, 9.6, 79.3.Spines: palp, tibia v1p-1-2p-1r-3ap; I: femur p0-0-1, tibia v1-2-1p-3ap; II: tibia v1-1-1r-1p-1p-3ap, metatarsus v0-0-3ap; III: tibiav1r-1-2-2-4ap, metatarsus v5-2-3ap; IV: tibia v1-2-1-3-1r-3ap,metatarsus d0-0-2, v2-1-1r-1-2-1-1-2-1r-2-1-2-2-1r-4ap. Scopulaeon metatarsi I-II present throughout ventral portion, restrictedto apical half of metatarsi III and only on apex of IV. All tarsifully scopulate. Seminal receptacle with larger than longer baseand with two apical lobes very evident and projected laterally(Figs 8-9).

Variation. Some males lack vertical leg stripes. Male pal-pal bulb with accessory keel varying from vestigial to very evi-dent and projected, sometimes bifurcated (Figs 10-13).

Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Pará: 6 males, 1896,A.M. Moss (BMNH); 1 male, Misc Arachnidae leg. (OUMNH);(Ilha do Marajó, 0°35’49.89"S, 48°29’21.31"W), InstitutoAgronômico leg., 1 male, 15.VI.1966 (IBSP 103788); São Caetanode Odivelas, 0°44’44.55"S, 48°1’50.73"W), 1 male, 20.I.2006,M. Leite leg. (MPEG 5238); Belém (1°27’22.93"S, 48°32’28.44"W), 1 female, 24.VI.2004 (MPEG 5282); 1 female (IBSP102600); 1 female, VII.1960, E. Lento leg. (IBSP 103541); 1 male,XI.1961, A.R. Hoge leg. (IBSP 103574); 1 juvenile, IX.1982, J.E.Baldim leg. (IBSP 104729); 1 male, XII.1990, P. Arvera leg. (IBSP107255); 1 juvenile, IX.1982 (IBSP 107629); (Campus de

65On the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria


Figures 1-2. Acanthoscurria geniculata, dorsal view: (1) male from Belém, Pará (MPEG 15619); (2) female from Belterra, Pará (IBSP151505). Photos: (1) Rafael P. Indicatti; (2) Roberto P. Moraes.

Figures 3-9. Acanthoscurria geniculata: (3-7) male (IBSP 151260); (3) left palpal tibia, ventral view; (4-5) left tibial apophysis of leg I; (4)prolateral view; (5) ventral view; (6-7) left male palpal bulb; (6) prolateral view; (7) retrolateral view; (8-9) female (IBSP 151260),spermathecae; (8) ventral view; (9) dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 mm.

1 2

3 4 5

8

96 7



Pesquisa of MPEG, 01°27’03.03"S, 48°26’40.2"W), 1 male,21.XII.1983, M. Zanuto leg. (MPEG 5109); 1 female, 17.I.1986,W. França leg. (MPEG 5193); 1 male, 12.II.2010, R.P. Indicatti& N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. (MPEG 15619); Santarém (Comuni-dade de Cucurunã, 2°27’13.01"S, 54°47’22.74"W), 2 females 4males, 27.XI-25.XII.2009, all collected by A.P. Silva (FIT 435,FIT 186, 188; IBSP 117837, IBSP 151260); 1 female, A.M. Moss(BMNH 1896.12.13.1), Belterra (2°30’39.66"S, 54°49’56.90"W)1 male, 14.V.2010 (FIT 393); 1 male, 6.IV.2010 (FIT 432); 2 fe-males, 29.XII.2010, R.G. Nogueira leg. (FIT 433, 434); 1 male,27.XII.2010, J.F. de Lemos leg. (FIT 436); 24 X.2009, A.D.Brescovit leg. (IBSP 151505); (Mata do Butantan, 2°37’32.14"S,54°56’7.78"W), 26.X.2009, M.M.G. Fernandes et al. leg. (IBSP151506); (Área de Preservação Ambiental Aramanaí, 2°37’57.96"S, 54°57’44.16"W), 27.X.2011, R.S. Souza & H.R.S. Falcãoleg. (IBSP 151507); (Floresta Nacional Tapajós, 3°17’3.94"S,54°58’42.03"W), 6 male, X.2011, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP161722, 161723, 161724, 161725, 161726, 161727); 1 male,29.X.2010, A.P.S. Silva leg. (IBSP 160969); Altamira (3°12’10.71"S, 52°13’19.58"W), 4 males, 12.XI.2005, C.O. Araújo leg.(MPEG 5222); (Castelo dos Sonhos, 08°13.054’S, 55°00.956’W),6 males, 13-15.XI.2005, all collected by C.O. Araújo (MPEG5231, 5232; 5237, 5225, 5227, 5073); Marituba (1°20’56.32"S,48°20’50.97"W), 1 male, 19.X.2000, F.A.S. Filho leg. (MPEG5143); (Riacho Doce, 1°22’12.53"S, 48°18’4.40"O), 1 female,6.XI.2005, R.A. Souza leg. (MPEG 5101); Tucuruí (3°45’18.00"S,

49°41’20.87"W), 2 males, 15.II.1986, I.E. Mehandro leg. (IBSP107470, 107623); 1 female, XII.1983, L.E. Mehandro leg. (IBSP107624); 1 male, 5.XII.1985 (IBSP 107626); 1 female (IBSP107627); 1 female, 22.I.1985 (IBSP 107628); (Canoal,3°38’30.22"S, 49°44’52.79"W), 1 female, 11.VII.1991 (IBSP107476); (Vila Brabo, 3°38’30.23"S, 49°44’52.76"W), 1 female,I.1985, Operação Resgate Faunístico Curupira leg. (IBSP 104847);(Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí, 3°49’9.29"S, 49°39’8.54"W), 4females 1 male, 1984-1996, Equipe Butantan leg. (IBSP 107713,107022, 107023, 107691, 107778); (Jacundá, 4°26’18.26"S, 49°5’7.69"W), 2 males, 2.I.1985, Operação Resgate FaunísticoCurupira leg. (IBSP 104833); Breu Branco (4°0’34.58"S,49°28’17.52"W), 1 female, XII.1984, Operação ResgateFaunístico Curupira leg. (IBSP 104836); Marabá (5°22’41.37"S,49°6’33.69"W), 1 female, 6.XII.1975, Projeto Rondon leg. (IBSP104157); Marabá (Serra Norte, Pojuca, 5°57’48.56"S, 50°24’1.74"W), 1 male, 20.III.1986, F. Paiva leg. (MPEG 3939); Marabá(Serra Norte, N1, Igarapé Azul, 6°1’32.62"S 50°18’8.66"W), 1male, 16.II.1983, R.B. Neto leg. (MPEG 4261); Jacareacanga(6°16’42.06"S, 57°39’6.40"W), 1 male, XI.1988, R. Geyer leg.(IBSP 107268); Redenção (8°3’42.05"S, 50°2’51.83"W), 1 male,1996, Renato leg. (IBSP 107682); 4 females, VII.1999, P. Gnaspinileg. (IBSP 107945-107948); Redenção (Serra do Kukoinhokren,Aldeia Indígena, 7°46’0.58"S, 51°57’0.21"W), 1 female,VIII.1999, P. Gnaspini leg. (IBSP 102001); 1 male, 21.I.2000, E.Mariano Neto leg. (IBSP 108351); (Serra do Cachimbo,9°20’57.12"S, 54°58’46.22"W), 1 male, 11.I.2000, I.M.S. Moraisleg. (IBSP 108048). Mato Grosso: Barra do Garças (FazendaSentapua, 15°53’38.71"S, 52°15’26.54"W), 1 male, 13.X.1975,P. Ferraz Junior leg. (IBSP 104160C). Rondônia: Porto Velho(Nova Mutum Paraná, BR 364, 9°21’09.62"S, 64°39’20.90"W),1 male, 14.XI.2011, C.A.R. Souza leg. (MZSP 44486); 1 male,24.XI.2011, R.P. Indicatti leg. (MZSP 44482); (Abunã,9°38’17.58"S, 65°27’00.91"W), 1 male, 16.XI.2011, M.C. Silveiraleg. (MZSP 44485); 1 male, 21.XI.2011, D.F. Candiani leg. (MZSP44484); 1 female, 23.XI.2011, D.F. Candiani leg. (MZSP 44483).

Distribution. BRAZIL: states of Rondônia, Roraima, Paráand Mato Grosso (Fig. 63).

Natural history. The species is mainly nocturnal but inreproductive periods males can be found during the day, walk-ing in the forest litter and crossing roads as other species ofthe genus (PÉREZ-MILES et al. 2005, GONZALEZ-FILHO et al. 2012).Females and juveniles dwell in tubular burrows, located underrocks, fallen trunks, inside living trees and in ravines and onthe ground level. The burrow of a female in Rondônia was 18cm wide and about 100 cm deep, with the entrance followedby a gradual decline, leading to a horizontal large chamber.

In captivity this species is regularly bred, with femalesproducing eggsacs containing around 2,000 young. The youngspiders are slow to grow at first, but growth increases with age,females maturing around three years and males around twoand a half years depending on the captive husbandry (RayGabriel pers. obs.).

Figures 10-13. Acanthoscurria geniculata: variation of accessory keelof male palpal bulb. Abbreviations: (PI) prolateral inferior keel,(PS) prolateral superior keel, (A) apical keel.

PS

A

PI

10

12 13

11



Acanthoscurria juruenicola Mello-Leitão, 1923Figs 14-21, 61

Acanthoscurria juruenicola Mello-Leitão, 1923: 294 (female ho-lotype, BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: (Rio Juruena), M. Ribeiro leg.,deposited in MNRJ 39, examined); Schiapelli & Gerschmande Pikelin, 1964: 413, pl. III, fig. 3; Lucas et al., 1981: 151,figs 1-5; Bertani, 2000: 30, figs 29-30; Platnick, 2014.

Acanthoscurria xinguensis Timotheo da Costa, 1960: 2, figs 1-4(Male holotype, BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: (Alto Xingu), XI.1958,R. Arlé leg., deposited in MNRJ 2326, examined); Platnick,2014. Syn. nov.

Diagnosis. Acanthoscurria juruenicola resembles A.geniculata, A. simoensi and A. chacoana by the structure of sexualorgans. It can be distinguished from A. simoensi and A. chacoanaby the presence of an accessory keel on male palpal bulb (Figs18-19), and by the almost square basal membrane of femaleseminal receptacles (Figs 20-21); and from A. geniculata by darkerbrown color, without a large patch of creamy-pink setae on legtip (Fig. 14), short and projected accessory keel on male palpalbulb (Figs 18-19) and seminal receptacle with small and ovallobes, more conspicuous in dorsal view (Figs 20-21).

Description. Male (IBSP 107658). Coloration: generalaspect chestnut-brown, carapace dark bordered by straight bandof short creamy-pink setae; dorsal view of femora, abdomenand chelicerae dark, covered with chestnut-brown setae; twovery distinct longitudinal bands of light short setae on patellaand tibia of all legs; apex of femora, patella, tibia and metatar-sus with small creamy-pink setae. Total length 56.5. Carapace28.7 long, 25.0 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeus narrow. Eyegroup rectangular 2.2 long, 3.1 wide. Anterior eye rowprocurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.70, ALE 2.67,PME 1.85, PLE 2.35. Labium 2.91 long, 3.50 wide, with morethan 150 cuspules. Endites with more than 250 cuspules each.Sternum moderately convex, 12.1 long, 10.1 wide, with poste-rior sigillae three times larger than anterior. Cheliceral furrowwith 12 larger teeth and 63 smaller basal ones. Stridulatoryapparatus with around 34 bristles. STC I with 8 teeth, II with8, III with 7 and IV with 8. Measurements: palp – femur length15.0, patella 8.6, tibia 13.0, cymbium 7.7, total 44.3. Legs – I:femur 23.8, patella 13.2, tibia 19.0, metatarsus 19.0, tarsus 12.1,total 87.1; II: 22.3, 12.1, 16.5, 17.0, 11.0, 78.9; III: 20.0, 11.0,15.1, 20.0, 11.1, 77.2; IV: 23.0, 11.3, 19.4, 26.5, 11.4, 91.6.Spines: palp – femur p0-0-1, tibia p1-2-1. I: femur p0-0-1, pa-tella v0-0-2, tibia v1-1-1r-1p-1-1-2-2-5ap; II: femur p0-0-1, pa-tella r0-1-0, tibia v2-2-1-2-1r-2-4ap; III: femur d0-0-2, patellar0-1-0-0, tibia v2-3-2-0-2-4ap, metatarsus d1-2-2, v1-1-1-0-5ap;IV: femur r0-0-1, patella r0-1-0-0, tibia v3-1-1-2-2-3ap, meta-tarsus d0-0-2, v2-1-1-1-3-1-1-2-1r-1-4ap. Scopulae on metatarsiI and II throughout ventral portion, restricted to distal half onmetatarsus III and only at apex of IV. All tarsi fully scopulate.Tibial apophysis of leg I with at least 11 spines on apex (Figs16-17). Palpal tibia with blunt retrolateral tubercle (Fig. 15).

Male palpal bulb with long and thickened embolus ending likea shell with well developed superior and inferior keels and athird accessory one between them (Figs 18-19).

Female (IBSP 104305). Coloration: as in male (Fig. 14).Total length 56.6. Carapace: 29.6 long, 25.1 wide. Foveaprocurved. Clypeus narrow. Eye group rectangular 2.6 long,3.7 wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. Eyesizes: AME 0.77, ALE 2.64, PME 1.87, PLE 2.95. Labium 5.28long, 4.23 wide, with more than 130 cuspules. Endites withmore than 250 cuspules each. Sternum moderately convex, 27.0long, 18.9 wide, with posterior sigillae three times larger thananterior. Cheliceral furrow with 11 larger teeth and 123 smallerbasal ones. Stridulatory apparatus with 32 bristles. STC I with9 teeth, II with 6, III with 7, IV with 4. Measurements: palp –femur length 14.7, patella 8.9, tibia 10.5, tarsus 9.9, total 44.0.Legs – I: femur 19.4, patella 12.3, tibia 15.1, metatarsus 13.0,tarsus 8.2, total 68.0; II: 18.0, 11.1, 13.9, 12.5, 8.4, 63.9; III:16.0, 10.0, 10.8, 13.9, 7.7, 58.4; IV: 19.4, 10.1, 14.1, 20.0, 8.2,71.8. Spines – palp: femur p0-01, tibia v0-0-1-2p-0-3ap; leg I:femur p0-0-1, tibia v0-0-0-2-3-0-3ap, metatarsus v0-0-0-3ap; II:patella p0-1-0, tibia v0-2-1r-1r-3ap, metatarsus v0-1-1-0-0-3ap;III: femur d0-0-0-2-1-2-0, patella r0-1-0, tibia v0-1-2-3-2-1-2-3ap, metatarsus d1-2-2,v1-2-2-0-1-5ap; IV: femur d0-0-1-1, pa-tella r0-1-0, tibia v0-1-0-1r-1-1-1-1r-3-2-2ap, metatarsusv2-1-1-1-1-1-2-1p-1-2-2-2-5-3ap. Scopulae on metatarsi I-IIpresent throughout ventral portion, restricted to apical half ofmetatarsi III and only on apex of IV. All tarsi fully scopulate.Seminal receptacle with trapezoid base and two small subapi-cal lobes (Figs 20-21).

Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Pará: Jacundazinho(4°27’54.90"S, 49°20’12.05"W), 1 female (IBSP 109881). MatoGrosso: 1 female, 19.IX.1977, E.F. de Mendonça leg. (IBSP 104280);1 female (IBSP 107588); 1 female, F. Palinges leg. (IBSP 108766);

Figure 14. Acanthoscurria juruenicola, female (IBSP 109151) fromChapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, dorsal view. Photo: FlávioU. Yamamoto.



Alta Floresta (9°56’23.07"S, 56°13’47.05"W), (Zoológico de AltaFloresta), 4 females, 7 males, 5.III.1979 (IBSP 104400; 104401;104404); 3 females, 31.VIII.1979 (IBSP 104463); 2 females, 2males, 4.XII.1979 (IBSP 104503); 1 female, 1 male, 10.VIII.1979(IBSP 104550; 104655); 1 female, XI.1981 (IBSP 104690); 4 fe-males, 1 male, 10.I.1979 (IBSP 104905); 1 female, II.1984, L.Lirchares leg. (IBSP 107108); 9 males, XI.1993, G. Brisolla leg.(IBSP 107245, 107250, 107654, 107658, 107665, 107666, 107673,107679, 107680); 2 males, II.1996, M.A. Francisco leg. (IBSP107577, 107579); 3 males, 27.II.1978, E.B. Fernandes leg. (IBSP104305A); 1 female, 4.VII.1978, E.B. Fernandes leg. (IBSP104305B); 3 males, 17.I.1980, (IBSP 104474A-104474C, 104474E);1 female, 13.XI.1979, L. Fernandes leg. (IBSP 104474D); Aripuanã(10°9’52.66"S, 59°27’17.93"W), 1 male, 29.I.1979 (IBSP 104462);2 males, 1.II.1979 (IBSP 104304A); 1 male, 17.I.1978, A. Quindosleg. (IBSP 104304B); Sinop (11°52’31.51"S, 55°30’39.40"W), 1male, III.1983 (IBSP 107103); 1 male, VIII.1983 (IBSP 107106); 1female, VII.1983 (IBSP 107104); 1 female, I.1984 (IBSP 107107);1 juvenile, III.1984 (IBSP 107109); 1 female, XII.1984 (IBSP

107113); 3 females, IV.1985 (IBSP 107115-107117); 2 males,I.1986 (IBSP 104898); 1 female, X.1986 (IBSP 107244), all col-lected by A. Pazzim Filho; 3 females, 6-9.III.1977, A.C. Martins(IBSP 104233A, 104233B, 104233D, 2 female, 6-9.III.1977, A.C.Martins leg. (IBSP 104233C); Santa Carmem (11°52’31.51"S,55°30’39.40"W), 1 male, X.1984, M.A. Marcucio leg. (IBSP107112); Araguaiana (15°43’27.73"S, 51°49’11.61"W), 1 male,XII.1988, M. Medeiros leg. (IBSP 107119); Cláudia (11°30’11.40"S,54°51’53.00"W), 3 females, M. Calleffo leg. (IBSP 107572, 107684,107685); Xingú (12°0’52.28"S, 53°23’9.10"W), 1 male (IBSP102491); Sorriso (12°33’40.95"S, 55°42’17.37"W), 1 female,V.1993, G. Brisolla leg. (IBSP 107337); Barracão Queimado(13°5’15"S, 59°53’45"W), 1 male, 8.III.1963, P. Vilela leg. (IBSP103648); Cáceres (16°4’16"S, 57°40’44" W), 1 female, 01.V.1964,W. Burchel leg. (BMNH); Canarana (13°32’21.79"S, 52°9’49.28"W), 1 female, 3.V.1984, C.R. Medina leg. (IBSP 104910);Nova Xavantina (14°39’10.82"S, 52°20’46.16"W), 1 male,XII.1989, G.P. Goerax leg. (IBSP 107100); Chapada dos Guimarães(Rio Manso, Usina Hidrelétrica de Manso, Furnas, 14°52’9.31"S,

Figures 15-21. Acanthoscurria juruenicola: (15-19) male (IBSP 107658). (15) left palpal tibia, ventral view; (16-17) left tibial apophysis ofleg I; (16) prolateral view; (17) ventral view; (18-19) left male palpal bulb; (18) prolateral view; (19) retrolateral view; (20-21) female(IBSP 104305), spermathecae; (20) ventral view; (21) dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 mm.

15 16 17

18 19

20

21



55°47’28.04"W), 74 females, 2000 (IBSP 108982-109027, 109047-109056, 109059-109061, 109064, 109066, 109068, 109070,109073-109075, 109077, 109078, 109086, 109106, 109117); 9juveniles, 2000 (IBSP 109057, 109058, 109062, 109063, 109067,109071, 109072, 109079, 109080); 2 males, 2000, (IBSP 109065,109076); 12 females, 6.VIII.2001 (IBSP 109151, 109152, 109157,109160-109165, 109168, 109171, 109175); 7 juveniles,6.VIII.2001 (IBSP 109153, 109154, 109159, 109166, 109170,109173, 109174); 2 juveniles, 6.VIII.2001 (IBSP 109155); 3 juve-niles, 6.VIII.2001, all collected by the Equipe Resgate Fauna (IBSP109156); Cuiabá (15°35’ 58.40"S, 56°5’39.70"W), 1 female, I.1989,R. Bertani leg. (IBSP 107101); São José dos Quatro Marcos(15°38’11.35"S, 58°10’3.48"W), 2 males, IX.1986, C. Dall’Aglioleg. (IBSP 107659, 107660); Barra do Garças (Rio Mupare,15°52’21.50"S, 52°15’32.99"W), 1 female, 20.XII.1979, P. FerrazJúnior leg. (IBSP 104160A); 2 males, 13.X.1975, P. Ferraz Juniorleg. (IBSP 104160B, 104160C). Rondônia: Guajará-Mirim(10°47’27.47"S, 65°19’55.06"W), 1 male, 21.I.2001, M.C.Carvalho leg. (IBSP 111271); 1 female, 4.VIII.1995, J.R. Simõesleg. (IBSP 109759); Pimenta Bueno (11°40’2.26"S, 61°11’45.24"W),5 males, XI.1992, E.L. Almeida leg. (IBSP 107636, 107670, 107674,107783; MPEG 7342).

Distribution. BRAZIL: states of Roraima, Pará, Rondôniaand Mato Grosso (Fig. 62).

Synonymy. The examination of the holotype of A.xinguensis, specimens of A. juruenicola from Instituto Butantanand the specimen of A. juruenicola described by LUCAS et al.(1981) allowed us to consider A. xinguensis as a junior synonymof A. juruenicola, as all specimens shared the same morphologyof male palpal bulb, tibial apophysis, blunt tubercle on palpaltibia and color.

Natural history. TIMOTHEO-DA-COSTA (1960: 1) states thatthree males and one large female were collected in an expedi-tion to Alto Xingú, Mato Grosso, by the naturalist R. Arlé. Aneggsac was also collected, approximately 5.5 cm wide and 1.5cm high, containing about 3,944 young at various stages ofdevelopment (TIMOTHEO-DA-COSTA 1960, figs 5-10). These spidersare aggressive, bite and easily throw urticating setae when dis-turbed. They can also display defensive behavior by raisingthe anterior legs, palps and opening the chelicerae, thus ex-posing the red ventral setae; at this moment the spiders openthe fangs, releasing poison droplets in some cases, and makefalse attacks (mainly males), like A. suina (PÉREZ-MILES et al. 2005)and A. gomesiana Mello-Leitão, 1923 (GONZALEZ-FILHO et al. 2012).

Acanthoscurria simoensi Vol, 2000Figs 22-28, 60

Acanthoscurria simoensi Vol, 2000: 8, pl. I-III (male holotype,FRENCH GUYANA, 2000, H. Simoens leg., deposited in MNHNAR 4785, not located); Platnick, 2014.

Diagnosis. Acanthoscurria simoensi resembles A. geniculataand A. juruenicola by the structure of sexual organs, but differs bythe male palpal bulb without an accessory keel and with a longer

and smaller embolus, with the PS and PI projected (Figs 25-26),and by the female seminal receptacles with rectangular bases andtwo lobes projected apically and fused basally (Figs 27-28).

Description. Male (IBSP 107927). Coloration: general as-pect brown, carapace bordered with short orange setae, dorsalside of abdomen, chelicerae and legs with orange setae. Twolongitudinal bands of orange setae on patella and tibia, shortrings of same color on tip of femur, patella and tibia. Total length45.2. Carapace 25.2 long, 21.8 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeusnarrow. Eye group rectangular 2.2 long, 3.1 wide. Anterior eyerow procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.60, ALE 2.00,PME 1.55, PLE 2.25. Labium 3.2 long, 2.8 wide, with more than90 cuspules. Endites with more than 210 cuspules each. Ster-num moderately convex, 10.5 long, 9.3 wide, with posteriorsigillae two times larger than anterior. Cheliceral furrow with11 larger teeth and 65 smaller ones. Stridulatory organ witharound 9 bristles. STC I with 4 teeth, II with 6, III with 6 and IVwith 7. Measurements – palp: femur length 12.3, patella 7.9,tibia 14.4, cymbium 8.9, total 43.5. Legs – I: femur 22.3, patella11.1, tibia 19.7, metatarsus 19.9, tarsus 10.5, total 83.5; II: 21.3,10.1, 17.0, 18.9, 11.0, 78.30; III: 17.2, 9.0, 14.6, 20.0, 10.0, 70.8;IV: 17.5, 8.6, 19.2, 24.5, 10.0, 79.8. Spines: palp: femur v0-0-1,patella p0-1-0; leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella v0-1p-0-1ap, tibia v5-1-2-1-2-1-3-2-1-5ap, metatarsus v1-0-0-3ap; II: femur p0-0-0-1-1, patella v0-0-2-0, tibia v3-2-0-3-2-1-2-6ap, metatarsusv1p-1r-1p-1r-3ap; III: femur p0-1-1, patella d0-1r-1p-0, tibia v1-1-2-2-3-2-3ap, metatarsus v1p-1-1-1-2-2-1-2-1-2-3ap; IV: femurd0-0-1, tibia v2-1-3-2-1-1-2-4ap, metatarsus v1-1p-1-2-2-2-2-1r-2-2-1-1-1-3-1-6ap. Scopulae on half of metatarsi I, one-third ofII and III and absent on metarsi IV. All tarsi fully scopulate. Tibialapophysis of leg I with at least 8 spines on apex (Figs 23-24).Male palpal bulb with long and projected embolus ending like ashell, with smaller PI and PS, without third accessory keel (Figs25-26). Palpal tibia with blunt retrolateral tubercle (Fig. 22).

Female (IBSP 110696). Coloration as in male. Total length56.9. Carapace 26.9 long, 22.6 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeusnarrow. Eye group rectangular 3.2 long, 4.1 wide. Anterior eyerow procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.60, ALE 2.85,PME 1.90, PLE 2.95. Labium 4.50 long, 3.10 wide, with morethan 90 cuspules. Endites with more than 190 each. Sternummoderately convex, 12.8 long, 9.2 wide, with posterior sigillaetwo times larger than anterior. Cheliceral furrow with 9 largerteeth and 82 smaller basal ones. Stridulatory organ apparatuswith 10 bristles. STC I with 5 teeth, II with 8, III with 7 and IVwith 6. Measurements – palp: femur length 15.5, patella 8.0,tibia 10.2, tarsus 10.0, total 43.7. Legs – I: femur 19.2, patella11.1, tibia 15.2, metatarsus 13.1, tarsus 8.7, total 67.3; II: 18.3,10.3, 12.8, 13.0, 9.0, 63.4; III: 16.2, 9.9, 10.9, 14.2, 7.3, 58.5; IV:18.5, 10.1, 14.5, 21.0, 8.8, 72.9. Spines: palp: femur: p0-0-1, tibiav2-0-2-2-2-2-4ap; leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella p0-1-0, tibia v1-1p-1-2-0-3ap, metatarsus v2-0-0-3ap; II: femur p0-0-1, patella p0-1-0, tibia v2-1p-2-1r-2-1p-3ap, metatarsus v1-1-0-3ap; III: femurp0-0-1, patella d0-2-0, tibia v1-2-1-2-2-2-3ap, metatarsus v3-1p-



4-1r-1p-2-4ap; IV: tibia v2-2-3-1r-2ap, metatarsus v1-1-1-1-2-3-1-2-1-1r-3-2-5ap. Scopulae on metatarsi I and II throughout allsegment, III on distal half, absent on IV. All tarsi fully scopulate.Seminal receptacle with the base twice longer than wide andapical lobes near to each other (Figs 27-28).

Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Amazonas: Balbina(Usina Hidrelétrica de Balbina, 1°55’53.31"S, 59°28’10.86"W),6 females, XII.1987-II.1988 (IBSP 107271, 107500, 107688,107690, 107692); 2 males, II.1988, (IBSP 107689), all collectedby Equipe Butantan; Manaus (3°6’0"S, 60°1’0" W), (CampusINPA), 1 male, II.1974, Manoel leg. (INPA 4858); (ConjuntoCampos Sales), 1 female, 26.VI.2012, M. Douglas leg. (INPA).

Distribution. Known from French Guyana and firstlyrecorded from Brazil, Amazonas state (Fig. 60, star).

Acanthoscurria theraphosoides (Doleschall, 1871)Figs 29-37, 60

Acanthopalpus theraphosoides Doleschall, in Ausserer, 1871: 208,pl. I, figs 12-13 (male holotype, BRAZIL, J. Natterer leg., de-posited in NHMW 146, examined).

Acanthoscurria theraphosoides: Simon, 1892 (1): 158; Mello-Leitão, 1917: 74, figs 1-2; Platnick, 2014.

Acanthoscurria ferina Simon, 1892: 282 (male holotype and fe-

male allotype, BRAZIL, Amazonas: Tefé, deposited in MNHN1056, examined); Schiapelli & Gerschman de Pikelin, 1964:410, pl. II, figs 9-14; Platnick, 2014. Syn. nov.

Acanthoscurria brocklehursti F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1896: 739, pl.XXXIV, fig. 18 (female holotype, BRAZIL, Pará, 1896,Brocklehurst leg., deposited in BMNH 1896.12.13.2, exam-ined); Platnick, 2014. Syn. nov.

Diagnosis. Acanthoscurria theraphosoides resembles A.insubtilis by the structure of sexual organs and body length(36.2-39.2 mm), but it is distinguished by the ventral side ofabdomen with same coloration of dorsum (Figs 29-30, com-pare to Fig. 40); by SAG of male palpal bulb projected like ahump, with a thinner and curved embolus (Figs 34-35) andfemale seminal receptacle with straighter basis and joined heart-shaped lobes (Figs 36-37).

Description. Male (IBSP 107151). Coloration: carapace,abdomen and legs dark brown, patella to tarsus covered withgrayish setae, carapace bordered with small creamy setae; ab-domen, chelicerae and legs with pale red setae, two longitudi-nal bands of creamy setae on patella, small rings of cream setaeon tip of patella, tibia and metatarsus (Fig. 29). Total length36.2. Carapace 19.7 long, 16.1 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeusnarrow. Eye group rectangular 3.5 long, 2.3 wide. Anterior eye

Figures 22-28. Acanthoscurria simoensi: (22-26) male (IBSP 107927); (22) left palpal tibia, ventral view; (23-24) left tibial apophysis ofleg I; (23) prolateral view; (24) ventral view; (25-26) left male palpal bulb; (25) prolateral view; (26) retrolateral view; (27-28) female(IBSP 110696), spermathecae; (27) ventral view; (28) dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 mm.

25 26

28

2722

23 24



row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.36, ALE0.50, PME 1.35, PLE 1.99. Labium 2.52 long, 2.84 wide, withmore than 130 cuspules. Endites with more than 210 cuspuleseach. Sternum moderately convex, 9.7 long, 7.0 wide, withposterior sigillae two times larger than anterior. Cheliceral fur-

row with 11 larger teeth and 57 smaller basal ones. Stridula-tory apparatus with around 12 bristles. STC I with 6 teeth, IIwith 7, III with 5 and IV with 6. Measurements – palp: femurlength 10.2, patella 6.2, tibia 8.1, cymbium 6.8, total 31.3. Legs– I: femur 16.2, patella 9.1, tibia 14.3, metatarsus 12.1, tarsus

Figures 29-30. Acanthoscurria theraphosoides, dorsal view: (29) male from Porto Velho, Rondônia (MZSP 44329); (30) female fromBelém, Pará (MPEG 15613). Photos: Rafael P. Indicatti.

Figures 31-37. Acanthoscurria theraphosoides: (31-35) male (IBSP 107151); (31) left palpal tibia, ventral view; (32-33) left tibial apophy-sis of leg I; (32) prolateral view; (33) ventral view; (34-35) left male palpal bulb; (34) prolateral view; (35) retrolateral view; (36-37)female (IBSP 107696), spermathecae; (36) ventral view; (37) dorsal view. Abbreviations: (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateralsuperior keel, (SGA) subapical granular area. Scale bars: 5 mm.

36 37

3534

333231

PS

PISGA

3029



7.1, total 59.3; II: 15.8, 8.0, 11.3, 11.2, 7.8, 54.1; III: 14.2, 7.2,10.2, 13.1, 7.5, 52.2; IV: 16.8, 8.1, 14.1, 20.2, 7.0, 66.2. Spines:palp: femur p0-0-1, tibia d0-0-5, v1-1-1r-3-3-1r-2r; leg I: femurp0-0-1, tibia v2-1p-1-1-2-0-8ap, metatarsus v0-0-2ap; II: femurp0-0-1, tibia v2-1p-1-1-1p-1p-6ap, metatarsus v1-0-0-3ap; III:femur d0-0-2, patella r0-1-0, tibia v1-1r-2-1-3-2-3ap, metatar-sus v1p-1-2-2-0-2-3ap; IV: femur r0-0-1, patella r0-1-0, tibia v1r-2-1-2-2-4ap, metatarsus v1-1-2-3-1-2-1p-2-1p-4ap. Scopulae onmetatarsus I only at distal half, II throughout distal 3/4, IIIonly distal half, absent on IV. All tarsi fully scopulate. Tibialapophysis of leg I with at least six spines on apex (Figs 32-33).Palpal tibia with finger like tubercle (Fig. 31). Male palpal bulbwith well marked SGA, like a hump, and embolus curved andstraight, with PS and PI not so evident (Figs 34-35).

Female (IBSP 107696). Coloration as in male (Fig. 30). Totallength 39.17. Carapace 19.03 long, 15.39 wide. Fovea procurved.Clypeus narrow. Eye group rectangular 2.01 long, 2.87 wide.Anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME0.38, ALE 1.68, PME 1.45, PLE 2.05. Labium 2.53 long, 2.34 wide,with more than 130 cuspules. Endites with more than 200cuspules each. Sternum moderately convex, 8.37 long, 6.67 wide,with posterior sigillae two times larger than anterior. Cheliceralfurrow with 11 larger teeth and 51 smaller basal ones. Stridula-tory apparatus with 17 bristles. STC I with 6-8 teeth, II and IIIwith 6-7 and IV with 6. Palp: femur length 9.80, patella 6.24,tibia 7.00, tarsus 6.61, total 29.65. Legs – I: femur 12.79, patella7.78, tibia 9.76, metatarsus 7.75, tarsus 5.02, total 43.12; II: 11.30,7.22, 8.73, 7.98, 5.92, 41.15; III: 10.20, 6.38, 7.68, 9.56, 5.24,39.06; IV: 12.10, 7.02, 10.48, 12.99, 6.06, 48.65. Spines – palp:femur: p0-0-1, tibia v0-0-1p-1-3ap; I: femur p0-0-1, patella p0-1-0, tibia v0-2-2-1ap, metatarsus v0-0-1ap; II: femur p0-0-1, pa-tella p0-1-0, tibia v1-2-2-0-1p-2ap, metatarsus v1-1-0-3ap; III:femur p0-0-1, patella d2-2-2-0, tibia d2-2-1-2, v1-2-3ap, meta-tarsus d1p-2-2, v2-2-0-4ap; IV: femur r0-0-1, tibia d1p-2-2, v0-2-2ap, metatarsus d1p-2-2, v3-2-1-2-1-1-1-1-4ap. Scopulae onmetatarsus I throughout ventral portion, II on distal third, IIIrestricted to distal half and IV on distal third. All tarsi fullyscopulate. Seminal receptacle with straight base (Figs 36-37).

Additional material examined. FRENCH GUYANA: Sinnamary(5°22’54.53"N, 52°57’43.90"W): 3 females, (IBSP 103391, 113837,115292); 1 juvenile (IBSP 113841); 2 males, (IBSP 113840, 113842),all collected by Expedição Instituto Butantan; BRAZIL: 1 male iden-tified as A. ferina, W. Bücherl leg., (OUMNH); Pará: 14 females, 2immature males identified as A. brocklehursti, Reverend A. MilesMoss leg. (BMNH, dried collection); Almeirim (Jari, 00°41’25.93745"S,52°49’9.21553"W), 2 males, 27.III.2005 (MPEG 7248, 7222); 5males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG 7246, 7286); 2 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG7297, 7307); 2 males, 27.III.2005 (MPEG 7309, 7245); 6 males,28.I.2005 (MPEG 7221); 3 males, 11.I.2005 (MPEG 7227); 1 male,07.III.2005 (MPEG 7238); 1 male, 1.II.2005 (MPEG 7240); 3 males,1 female, 11.II.2005 (MPEG 7243); 4 males, 1 female, 28.II.2005(MPEG 7247); 2 males, 1.II.2005 (MPEG 7257); 4 males, 7.III.2005(MPEG 7282, 7285, 7288); 4 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG 7284, 7287);

24 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG 7224, 7231, 7232, 7242, 7274, 7281,7290, 7291); 12 males, 27.III.2005 (MPEG 7230, 7241, 7249, 7252,7323, 7326); 8 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG 7233, 7254, 7256, 7279);1 male, 1 female, 7.III.2005 (MPEG 7259); 10 males, 7.III.2005(MPEG 7260, 7293, 7296, 7299, 7317); 1 female, 3 juveniles,28.II.2005 (MPEG 7273); 5 males, 7.III.2005 (MPEG 7237, 7275,7295, 7318, 7329); 2 females, 17-23.VIII.2004 (MPEG 7276, 7301);2 males, 1 female, 11.II.2005 (MPEG 7292); 9 males, 11.II.2005(MPEG 7225, 7229, 7289); 3 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG 7235, 7236,7302); 3 males, 7.III.2005 (MPEG 7239, 7244, 7250); 2 males,1.II.2005 (MPEG 7255, 7280); 2 females, 28.II.2005, (MPEG 7258,7303); 2 males, 11.II.2005 (MPEG 7278); 4 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG7226, 7300); 1 female, 28 August-3.IX.2004 (MPEG 7298); 1 male,28.VIII.2004 (MPEG 7308), 2 males, 27.III.2005 (MPEG 7311,7313); 4 males, 11.II.2005 (MPEG 7294, 7312, 7316, 7324); 8 males,3.IV.2005 (MPEG 7310, 7314, 7315, 7319, 7321, 7325, 7331, 7333);2 males, 3.IV.2005 (MPEG 7322, 7332); 6 males, 27.III.2005 (MPEG7304, 7305, 7306, 7327, 7328, 7330); 5 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG7228); 4 males, 11.II.2005 (MPEG 7253); 1 male, 1 February (MPEG7277); 6 males, 1 female, 28.II.2005 (MPEG 7283), all collected byT. Gardner & M.A. Ribeiro; 1 male, 2 juveniles, 28.II.2005, Juniorleg. (MPEG 7234); Belém (00°49’58.65601"S, 52°39’29.69148"W),1 male, 18.I.1998, C. Silva leg. (MPEG 5183); 1 male (IBSP 107148);(Icoaraci, 00°49’ 58.42602"S, 52°35’39.63868"W), 1 female,31.VII.1977, A. Moy leg. (MPEG 2210); 1 male, 4.IV.1976, R.F. daSilva leg. (MPEG 5129); (Ilha do Mosqueiro, 00°49’58.42602"S,52°35’39.63868"W), 1 female, 19-25.IV.1998, B. Mascarenhas etal. leg. (MPEG 5391); (Campus de Pesquisa MPEG, 01°27’03.03"S,48°26’40.2"W), 1 male, 17.I.1986, W. França leg. (MPEG 5194); 1female, 12.II.2010, R.P. Indicatti & N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. (MPEG15613); 1 male, 10.II.2010, R.P. Indicatti leg. (MPEG 15614); 1female (MPEG 5394); 1 female, 2.IV.2004, R.J. Morais leg. (MPEG5128); 1 female, 10.XII.2004 (MPEG 5296); 1 male, 23.XI.2004,L.T. Miglio leg. (MPEG 4705); 1 female, 13.VI.1991, B. Mascarenhasleg. (MPEG 5110); (Porto de Palha, Depósito de Arroz,00°49’58.42602"S, 52°35’39.63868"W), 1 male, L.C.Q. de Oliveiraleg. (MPEG 5160); (Reduto, 00°49’58.65601"S, 52°39’29.69148"W),1 male, 10.I.2006, R. Fonseca leg. (MPEG 4740); (Conjunto Ariri,Rodovia do 40, 01°1’32.45885"S, 52°54’17.27678"), 1 male,5.XII.1995, A. Barros leg. (MPEG 5159); (Guamá, Campus daUniversidade Federal do Pará, 1°27’41.71"S, 48°27’36.21"W), 1male, C. Bertim leg. (IBSP 108373); Melgaço (Estação CientíficaFerreira Penna, Floresta Nacional Caxiuanã, 01°1’32.45885"S,52°54’17.27678"W), 1 male, 7-13.II.2002, T. Gardner & M.A.Ribeiro Júnior leg. (MPEG 198); Ananindeua (BR 316, Km 16,1°21’55.22"S, 48°20’5.17"W), 1 male, 10.XI.1976, R.F. da Silva leg.(IBSP 111218); Tomé-Açu (Rio Acará-Mirim, 2°24’49.75"S,48°8’58.50"W), 1 female, 1 juvenile, 7.IX.1952, A.R. Hoge leg. (IBSP103393, 103114); Tucuruí (3°44’21.81"S, 49°39’58.91"W), 1 female(IBSP 107696). Amazonas: Manicoré (5°48’32.00"S, 61°17’60.00"W),2 females, 7.II.1972, M. Cerminante leg. (IBSP 101857, 103392);(Três Casas, Rio Madeira, 6°4’50.59"S, 61°45’16.22"W), 1 female,4.XII.1941 (IBSP 103394); Humaitá (7°30’22.00"S, 63°1’15.00"W),



1 female, 24.VIII.1972 (IBSP 103395), all collected by A.R. Hoge;1 male, XI.1982, C. Dall’Aglio leg. (IBSP 107080). Rondônia: PortoVelho (01°27’ 03.03"S, 48°26’40.2"W), 1 female, III.1983, I. Stranierileg. (IBSP 107323); 1 male, XII.1982, R. Redorat leg. (IBSP 147445);9 males, II.1982, I. Stranieri leg. (IBSP 104099); (Abunã,9°38’17.58"S, 65°27’00.91"W), 1 male, 21.XI.2011, R.P. Indicattileg. (MZSP 44328); Candeias do Jamari (Usina Hidrelétrica deSamuel, 8°45’4.58"S, 63°27’28.49"W), 3 males, II.1989 (IBSP107129, 107130, 104745); 1 male, XII.1988 (IBSP 107131); 1 fe-male, V.1989 (IBSP 107151), all collected by Equipe Resgate deFauna.

Distribution. FRENCH GUYANA: department of Sinnamary andBRAZIL: states of Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia (Fig. 60, triangle).

Synonymy. Acanthoscurria ferina and A. brocklehursti areherein considered junior synonyms of A. theraphosoides. Thesynonymies were established through the examination of themale holotype of A. theraphosoides, male holotype and femaleallotype of A. ferina, female holotype of A. brocklehursti anddescriptions and illustrations given by SCHIAPELLI & GERSCHMAN

DE PIKELIN (1964) of the male holotype and female allotype ofA. ferina, corroborated by the study of several specimens fromthe different collections examined. The specimens examinedpresent the same morphology of sexual organs, male palpalbulb and tibial apophysis and female seminal receptacles. Theyalso share the same color pattern.

Natural history. This species can dig tubular burrows lo-cated under fallen trunks and in ravines. The tubular burrowshave a circular shape, 3-4 cm wide and 10 to 20 cm deep. Maleswere collected walking in the forest litter and on roads nearthe forest and urban areas in Abunã, Porto Velho, Rondônia.

Acanthoscurria insubtilis Simon, 1892Figs 38-48, 60

Acanthoscurria insubtilis Simon, 1892: 282 (male holotype, BOLIVIA,Cochabamba: San Mateo, G. Garlepp leg., deposited in MNHNAR 4784, examined). Schiapelli & Gerschman de Pikelin, 1964:412, pl. II, figs 1-8; Bertani, 2000: 30, figs 27-28; Platnick, 2014.

Diagnosis. Acanthoscurria insubtilis resembles A.theraphosoides by the structure of sexual organs and body length(33.3-42.2 mm), but it can be distinguished by a dark patch onventral side of abdomen (Fig. 40), male palpal bulb with SGAnot pronounced and less curved embolus; PS projected andfused to embolus (Figs 45-46). Female seminal receptacles di-vergent, originating from a wide U-shaped base (Figs 47-48).

Description. Male (IBSP 107648). Coloration brown inethanol, but carapace, abdomen and legs brown with pink se-tae on carapace, when alive (Fig. 38). Total length 33.3. Cara-pace 16.2 long, 14.9 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeus narrow.Eye group rectangular 2.1 long, 3.1 wide. Anterior eye rowprocurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.50, ALE 1.50,PME 1.25, PLE 2.00. Labium 2.40 long, 2.10 wide, with morethan 120 cuspules. Endites with more than 260 cuspules. Ster-

num moderately convex, 8.7 long, 6.3 wide, with posteriorsigillae two times larger than anterior. Cheliceral furrow with13 larger teeth and 88 smaller basal ones. Stridulatory appara-tus with around 18 bristles. STC I with 7 teeth, II with 6, IIIwith 4 and IV with 3. Measurements – palp: femur length 9.8,patella 5.2, tibia 9.7, cymbium 4.8, total 29.5. Legs – I: femur16.7, patella 8.5, tibia 13.4, metatarsus 13.1, tarsus 8.1, total60.3; II: 15.2, 7.9, 12.2, 12.1, 7.9, 55.3; III: 14.1, 7.0, 10.2, 13.5,8.0, 52.8; IV: 14.9, 7.5, 14.0, 18.2, 8.5, 63.1. Spines – palp: fe-mur p0-0-1, patella p0-0-1, tibia v0-0-2-6; leg I: femur p0-0-1,tibia v4-1-1-3-2-1-1p-1-5ap, metatarsus v0-0-1ap; II: femur p0-0-1, tibia v1-2-2-1-1p-2p-5ap, metatarsus v1-1-1-0-4ap; III: fe-mur d0-0-1, patella r0-1-0, tibia v0-0-1-2-3-2-3ap, metatarsusv1p-1-3-2-2-3ap; IV: tibia v0-0-3-2-3-1-3ap, metatarsus v1-1-2-1-1-1-2-1r-2-1-1-3-4ap. Scopulae on metatarsus I covering dis-tal 3/4, II throughout distal half, III only on apex, absent onIV. All tarsi fully scopulate. Tibial apophysis of leg I with atleast eight spines on apex (Figs 43-44). Palpal tibia with fingerlike tubercle (Fig. 42). Male palpal bulb with SGA less pro-nounced and embolus poorly curved, PI projected until end ofembolus (Figs 45-46).

Female (IBSP 107145). Coloration: as in male, except cara-pace light brown and abdomen light pinkish-brown (Fig. 39).Total length 42.2. Carapace 17.5 long, 14.9 wide. Foveaprocurved. Clypeus narrow. Eye group rectangular 1.5 long, 2.2wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes:AME 0.25, ALE 1.55, PME 1.20, PLE 1.81. Labium 2.85 long,2.20 wide, with more than 80 cuspules. Endites with more than220 cuspules. Sternum moderately convex, 8.1 long, 6.5 wide,with posterior sigillae two times larger than anterior. Cheliceralfurrow with 13 larger teeth and 57 smaller basal ones. Stridula-tory apparatus with 12 bristles. STC I with 5 teeth, II with 6, IIIwith 7 and IV with 6. Palp: femur length 9.9, patella 6.0, tibia7.0, tarsus 6.0, total 28.9. Legs: I: femur 12.9, patella 7.4, tibia10.0, metatarsus 7.5, tarsus 4.2, total 42.0; II: 11.1, 6.9, 7.5., 7.3,4.8, 37.6; III: 10.9, 6.0, 9.0, 8.3, 5.0, 39.4; IV: 13.0, 6.8, 10.0,13.9, 5.3, 49.0. Spines: palp: femur: p0-0-1, tibia v1-2-2-3ap; I:femur p0-0-1, tibia v1-1-2-3ap, metatarsus v1-0-0-3ap; II: femurp0-0-1, tibia v0-0-1p-3ap, metatarsus v1-1-0-3ap; III: femur p0-0-1, tibia v1-1p-2-2-2-3ap, metatarsus v2-1-1-3-1-1r-1r-4ap; IV:femur p0-0-1,tibia v1-2-1-1-3-2-2ap, metatarsus v2-1-3-2-2-1-1-1-2-1-3-3ap. Scopulae on metatarsus I on distal 3/4, II through-out ventral portion, III restricted to apical half and IV on apicalthird. All tarsi fully scopulate. Seminal receptacle with two veryevident lobes, distant from each other (Figs 47-48).

Variation. The carapace color of live females and juve-niles can be light brown to dark brown and the abdomen lightpinkish-brown to dark pinkish-brown (Figs 39-41).

Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Acre: SenadorGuiomard (Reserva Extrativista de Catuaba, 10°9’3"S, 67°44’9"W),1 male, 2002, E.F. Morato leg. (IBSP 114706). Amazonas: Japurá(1°49’26"S, 66°36’15"W), 1 juvenile, XI.1952, A.R. Hoge leg. (IBSP103116). Mato Grosso: 1 male, 16.X.1963, S.C. Neves leg. (IBSP



103656); Cuiabá (15°35’45"S, 56°5’49"W), 1 male, 19.XI.1988,A. Lucia leg. (IBSP 110724); 1 male, 3.X.1982, S. Silva leg. (IBSP110725); 1 male, Fernando leg. (IBSP 112364); Santo Antônio deLeverger (15°51’57"S, 56°4’37"W), 1 male, III.1982, C. Roloff leg.(IBSP 104713); Poconé (16°15’25"S, 56°37’22"W), 1 male (IBSP107435); Pouso Alegre (Transpantaneira, 11°43’53.07"S,57°20’16.30"W), 1 female, 25.X.2007, K. Anjos leg. (IBSP 100608);Nova Mutum (13°50’40.29"S, 56°4’5.71"W), 5 females, 6-15.VII.2001, R.K. Ribeiro leg. (IBSP 111795). Rondônia: 1 male(IBSP 111942); Monte Negro (10°15’51"S, 63°20’2"W), 1 male(IBSP 110147); Porto Velho (acesso a cachoeira do Teotônio,8°45’43"S, 63°54’14"W), 1 male, XII.1996, G. Puorto et al. leg.(IBSP 107092); Porto Velho (8°45’43"S, 63°54’14"W), 1 male,V.1985, I. Stranieri leg. (IBSP 107133); (Campus da UniversidadeFederal de Rondônia, 8°45’43"S, 63°54’14"W), 1 female, 2007(IBSP 115291); 1 female, 1 juvenile, 2007 (IBSP 115294); 1 male,2007 (IBSP 115311); 3 males, 2007 (IBSP 115293, 115295,115296), all collected by L.S.P. Trigueiro; (Caiçara, 9°29’17.31"S,64°49’12.02"W), 1 male, 13.XI.2011, D.F. Candiani leg. (MZSP

44488); 1 male, 14.XI.2011, R.P. Indicatti leg. (MZSP 44489); 1male, 21.IV.2012, R.P. Indicatti leg. (MZSP 56455); 1 male,29.IX.2012, R.P. Indicatti leg. (MZSP 56456); (Mutum,9°36’00.52"S, 65°05’08.91"W), 1 female, 17.XI.2011, R.P. Indicattileg. (MZSP 44493); 1 female, 18.XI.2011, D.F. Candiani leg. (MZSP45200); 1 female, 22.V.2013, A.A. Nogueira leg. (MZSP 55776);(Abunã, 9°38’17.58"S, 65°27’00.91"W), 1 female, 19.XI.2011, R.P.Indicatti leg. (MZSP 44718); Candeias do Jamari (UsinaHidrelétrica de Samuel, 8°45’43"S, 63°54’14"W), 6 females, Janu-ary-May 1989 (IBSP 107140, 107145, 107252, 107434, 107648,113836,); 6 males, January-May 1989, (IBSP 107170, 107489,107526, 107639, 107643, 113838), all collected by Equipe Resgatede Fauna; Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá (19°0’32"S, 57°39’10"W),1 male, 19.II.1981, P. Mix leg. (IBSP 111171); Agachi (20°16’00"S,56°13’0"W), 1 female, 15.IX.1952, C. Moraes leg. (IBSP 103015);(Base de Estudos do Pantanal, Universidade Federal Mato Grossodo Sul, 1 male, 27 novembro 1993, J. Raizer leg. (IBSP 119737).BOLIVIA. Beni: San Ramón (13°16’2"S, 64°37’2"W), 1 male,05.VII.2003, D.J. Mann leg. (OUMNH 2004-005).

Figures 38-41. Acanthoscurria insubtilis from Porto Velho, Rondônia: (38) male (MZSP 56455), dorsal view; (39-40) female (MZSP44493); (39) dorsal view; (40) ventral view; (41) juvenile digging its burrow with its palps and legs I-II on the natural habitat. Photos:Rafael P. Indicatti.

41

3938

40



Distribution. BOLIVIA: department of Cochabamba andfirstly recorded for BRAZIL: states of Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia,Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul (Fig. 62).

Remarks. SIMON (1892) cited that A. insubtilis was collectedby G. Garlepp in Bolivia. LOURENÇO & LEGUIN (2011) confirmedthat G. Garlepp collected numerous arachnids in the region ofSan Mateo, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Based on the examinationof the holotype, the description of SCHIAPELLI & GERSCHMAN DE

PIKELIN (1964) and comparison with specimens from severalcollections, we confirmed the presence of this species in theBrazilian Amazonian region.

Natural history. The species is mainly nocturnal but some-times it can be found during the day. It digs tubular burrowsunder rocks, fallen trunks, both in ravines and ground level.The tubular burrows are 3-4 cm wide and 10-20 cm deep. A fe-male of A. insubtilis was observed, during the night, digging aburrow with her palps and legs I-II (Fig. 41), as in some otherTheraphosidae (PÉREZ-MILES et al. 2005, INDICATTI et al. 2008) andthe majority of other mygalomorphs (COYLE 1971, LUCAS et al.2005, 2008). Males were collected walking in the forest litter.

Acanthoscurria tarda Pocock, 1903Figs 49-51, 60

Acanthoscurria tarda Pocock, 1903: 87 (female holotype, BRAZIL,Amazonas: Tefé, Dr. Bach leg., deposited in BMNH 1898,examined); Platnick, 2014.

Diagnosis. The female of A. tarda can be distinguishedfrom other Amazonian species of the genus by the two lobes

of the seminal receptacle more projected and with a narrowerbase (Figs 50-51). The seminal receptacle of A. tarda resemblesthat of A. natalensis (see LUCAS et al. 2011: figs 7-8) in its trap-ezoid shape, but can be distinguished by a shallower groove inthe medioapical area of the base of the spermatheca, alongsidethe larger seminal receptacles (Figs 50-51).

Description. Female (BMNH 1898-2-12-5). Coloration: darkbrown (Fig. 49). Total length 62.0. Carapace 26.0 long, 23.0 wide.Fovea procurved. Clypeus narrow. Eye group rectangular 2.2 long,3.9 wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes:AME 1.0, ALE 0.7, PME 1.2, PLE 4.1. Labium 3.0 long, 4.6 wide,with more than 100 cuspules. Endites with more than 200 cuspuleseach. Sternum moderately convex, 11.4 long, 10.9 wide, with pos-terior sigillae three times larger than anterior. Stridulatory appa-ratus with 15 visible bristles. Palp: femur length 14.1, patella 7.6,tibia 9.7, tarsus 9.6, total 41.0. Legs: I: femur 18.1, patella 10.7,tibia 13.4, metatarsus 11.5, tarsus 8.6, total 62.3; II: 16.1, 9.3, 11.2,11.2, 8.6, 56.4; III: 14.4, 8.4, 9.8, 12.6, 8.1, 53.3; IV: 17.5, 8.5, 12.7,17.7, 8.7, 65.1. Spines – palp: femur: p0-0-1, patella v0-1-1-0, tibiav0-1p-1-2p-4ap, d0-0-2-1-0; I: femur p0-0-1, tibia v1-2-1-1-3ap, d0-1-0, metatarsus v0-1-2ap; II: femur p0-0-1, tibia v2-1-1p-1-3ap,p1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1p-0-3ap; III: femur p0-0-2ap, tibia v0-2-2ap, d2-2-2ap, metatarsus v1-1-1-1-1-3ap, p2-1r-1r-1r-2ap; IV: tibiav0-2-1-2ap, d2-2-2ap, metatarsus v1-3-2-2-2-1p-2-2-3-2ap, d0-1p-2ap. Scopulae on metatarsi I-II throughout ventral portion, IIIrestricted to apical half and IV to apical third. All tarsi fullyscopulate. Seminal receptacle with two very evident lobes andnarrower base (Figs 50-51). Male. Unknown.

Figures 42-48. Acanthoscurria insubtilis: (42-46) male (IBSP 107648); (42) left palpal tibia, ventral view; (43-44) left tibial apophysis ofleg I; (43) prolateral view; (44) ventral view; (45-46) left male palpal bulb; (45) prolateral view; (46) retrolateral view; (47-48) female(IBSP 107145), spermathecae; (47) ventral view; (48) dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 mm.

42

47 48

43 44

45 46



Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Tefé,state of Amazonas, Brazil (Fig. 60, gray circle).

Remarks. The present redescription was based on the ho-lotype, the only available specimen, too fragile to be manipu-lated and to allow examination of all characters (Figs 49-51).

Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov.Figs 52-60

Type material. Male holotype, BRAZIL, Pará: Belterra(3°14’35.52"S, 54°59’23.14"W), (Floresta Nacional Tapajós),20.II.2010, S.C.B. Sousa leg. (IBSP 161719). Paratypes: 3 males, withsame data of holotype, J.F. Lemos leg. (IBSP 161713; 161715; 161717);1 male, with same data of holotype, H.R. Batista leg. (FIT 719); 1female, with same data of holotype, J.F. Lemos leg. (FIT 720); 1female, with same data of holotype, A.P.S. Silva leg. (IBSP 161718).

Diagnosis. Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov. resemblesA. gomesiana Mello-Leitão, 1923 by the general color and struc-

Figures 49-51. Acanthoscurria tarda, female holotype (BMNH 1898): (49) dorsal view; (50-51) spermathecae; (50) ventral view; (51)dorsal view. Photos: R. Gabriel.

Figure 52. Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov., dead specimen, male(IBSP 161719) from Belterra, Pará, dorsal view. Photo: Rafael P. Indicatti.

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50 51



ture of sexual organs (see GONZALEZ-FILHO et al. 2012: figs 2 A-F).The male can be distinguished by the less curved embolus andthe very projected PS and PI, giving a triangular aspect to theapex of embolus (Figs 56-57) and female seminal receptaclepresenting a larger and narrow basis (Figs 58-59).

Description. Male (IBSP 161719). Coloration: general as-pect chestnut-brown, carapace dark bordered by a band of shortcreamy-pink setae; dorsal surface of femora, abdomen and che-licerae dark covered with chestnut-brown setae. Two longitu-dinal bands of light short setae on patella and tibia of all legs;femora, patella, tibia and metatarsus with small cream-pinksetae forming very narrow apical band (Fig. 52). Total length36.6. Carapace 19.0 long, 16.2 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeusnarrow. Eye group rectangular 2.5 long, 1.9 wide. Anterior eyerow procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.35, ALE1.66, PME 1.35, PLE 1.88. Labium 3.8 long, 2.37 wide, withmore than 60 cuspules. Endites with more than 200 cuspuleseach. Sternum moderately convex, 9.9 long, 7.2 wide, withposterior sigillae six times larger than anterior. Cheliceral fur-row with 12 larger teeth and 74 smaller basal ones. Stridula-

tory apparatus with around 17 bristles. STC I with 8 teeth, IIwith 6, III with 4 and IV with 6. Measurements: palp: femurlength 10.9, patella 6.2, tibia 9.8, cymbium 4.0, total 30.9. Legs– I: femur 17.1, patella 9.1, tibia 15.0, metatarsus 13.6, tarsus7.6, total 62.4; II: 16.6, 8.1, 14.0, 13.4, 8.0, 60.1; III: 14.8, 6.2,11.8, 15.9, 7.0, 55.7; IV: 17.2, 7.6, 16.1, 21.9, 6.4, 69.2. Spines –palp: femur p0-0-1, tibia p0-1-3-2-1; leg I: femur p0-0-1, tibiav2r-1-1-2-2-2-1-2-1r-6ap; II: femur p0-0-1, patella r0-1-0, tibiav2-2-1p-2-1-2-1p-4ap, metatarsus v1-1-1p-1-4ap; III: femur d0-0-2, tibia v1-1r-2-2-1r-1p-2-3ap, metatarsus v1p-1-3-2-2-3-4ap;IV: tibia v1-1r-1p-2-1-2-1r-2-3ap, metatarsus v2-1-2-1-2-2-1p-2-3-2-4ap. Scopulae on metatarsus I throughout ventral por-tion, II on distal 2/3, III only apical and absent on IV. All tarsifully scopulate. Tibial apophysis of leg I with at least 6 spineson apex (Figs 54-55). Palpal tibia with blunt tubercle (Fig. 53).Male palpal bulb with long and thickened embolus ending likea shell, with well developed superior and inferior keels (Figs56-57).

Female (IBSP 161718). Coloration as in male, two longi-tudinal bands of setae on patella and tibia of all legs wider. Total

Figures 53-59. Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov.: (53-57) male (IBSP 161719); (53) left palpal tibia, ventral view; (54-55) left tibialapophysis of leg I; (54) prolateral view; (55) ventral view; (56-57) left male palpal bulb; (56) prolateral view; (57) retrolateral view; (58-59) female (IBSP 161718), spermathecae; (58) ventral view; (59) dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 mm.

53 54 55

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length 41.0. Carapace 19.9 long, 15.2 wide. Fovea procurved.Clypeus narrow. Eye group rectangular 1.8 long, 2.9 wide. Ante-rior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.41,ALE 1.75, PME 1.45, PLE 2.05. Labium 2.50 long, 2.25 wide,with more than 85 cuspules. Endites with more than 240 cuspuleseach. Sternum moderately convex, 8.9 long, 7.6 wide, with pos-terior sigillae three times larger than anterior. Cheliceral furrowwith 12 larger teeth and 76 smaller basal ones. Stridulatory ap-paratus with 19 bristles. STC I with 6 teeth, II with 5, III with 3and IV with 4. Measurements: palp: femur length 9.5, patella6.1, tibia 7.9, tarsus 6.5, total 30.0. Legs – I: femur 14.0, patella8.0, tibia 11.5, metatarsus 9.0, tarsus 6.0, total 48.5; II: 12.5, 7.8,9.6, 9.0, 5.2, 44.1; III: 11.1, 6.9, 8.5, 10.9, 5.0, 42.4; IV: 14.5, 7.4,11.2, 15.6, 6.0, 54.7. Spines – palp: femur: p0-1-0, tibia v0-1-2-2-3ap; leg I: femur p0-0-1, tibia v0-1-1-3ap, metatarsus v1-0-0-3ap;II: femur p0-0-1, tibia v1-1-0-1p-3ap, metatarsus v2-1r-0-3ap; III:femur d0-0-1-0, patella r0-1-0-0, tibia v1r-1p-2-1p-1r-2-3ap, meta-tarsus d0-0-1, p1-3-1-2-2-4ap; IV: tibia v2-2-2-2-2ap, metatarsusv1-1-1-1-1p-2-2-4-2-3-2-1r-4ap. Scopulae on distal half of meta-tarsi I-II, III only on apex and absent on IV. All tarsi fullyscopulate. Seminal receptacle with a square base and two smallapical lobes (Figs 58-59).

Distribution: Known only from the type locality, Belterra,Pará, Brazil (Fig. 60, square).

Natural history. Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov. wascollected only in the Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, on the bor-der of the city of Belterra, Pará. All specimens were collected in100 l herpetological pitfall traps in an ecological study to cap-ture snakes in the area during February 2010.

Etymology. The species is named after the type locality,Belterra, in the state of Pará.

Identification key to Brazilian AmazonianAcanthoscurria species

MalesMale of A. tarda is unknown.

1. Male palpal bulb with embolus ending like a shell (Figs 6-7),palpal tibia with a blunt tubercle and twice as long as broad(Fig. 3) ............................................................................... 2

1’. Male palpal bulb with embolus of different aspect, finger-like tubercle on the palpal tibia (Fig. 42) ........................ 5

2. Male palpal bulb with an accessory keel, sometimes vestigial(Figs 6-7, 10-13), between PS and PI keels ....................... 3

Figures 60-63. Known distribution of Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria: (60) Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov. (square); A. simoensi(star), A. tarda (gray circle), A. theraphosoides (triangle); (61) A. juruenicola; (62) A. insubtilis; (63) A. geniculata.

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62

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2’. Male palpal bulb without an accessory keel ..................... 4

3. Spiders of dark coloration (almost black), with the distalend of each segment broadly tipped with short creamy-pink setae, long bright-red setae on abdomen (Figs 1-2) andaccessory keel elongated (Figs 6-7) ................ A. geniculata

3’. Body brown, with two very distinct longitudinal bands oflight short setae on patella and tibia of all legs. Apex offemora, patella, tibia and metatarsus with small creamy-pink setae (Fig. 14) and accessory keel of palpal bulbshortened (Figs 18-19) ................................... A. juruenicola

4. Palpal bulb with short and curved embolus, PS and PIprojected and triangular (Figs 56-57)A. belterrensis sp. nov.

4’. Male palpal bulb with straighter, longer and projectedembolus (Figs 25-26) ......................................... A. simoensi

5. SGA projected like a hump with a short and curved embolus(Figs 34-35) ............................................... A. theraphosoides

5’. SGA less projected, with a less curved embolus, the PIprojected until the tip of the embolus (Figs 45-46), and theventral side of abdomen with a black patch (Fig. 40) ................................................................................. A. insubtilis

Females1. Base of seminal receptacles square or trapezoid with two

apical lobes (Figs 8-9) ....................................................... 2

1’. Base of seminal receptacles not as above .......................... 6

2. Seminal receptacles with lobes totally enveloped by basalmembrane (Figs 58-59) ................... A. belterrensis sp. nov.

2’. Seminal receptacles with evident lobes ............................ 3

3. Base of seminal receptacles long and rectangular with twoapical lobes near each other (Figs 27-28) ........ A. simoensi

3’. Base of seminal receptacles square .................................... 4

4. Lobes of seminal receptacles more projected and with anarrower base (Figs 50-51) ...................................... A. tarda

4’. Seminal receptacles not as above ...................................... 5

5. Body dark, almost black, with the distal end of each segmentbroadly covered with short creamy-pink setae, long bright-red setae on abdomen (Fig. 2) and seminal receptacles withevident apical lobes (Figs 8-9) ........................ A. geniculata

5’. Body brown, with two very distinct longitudinal bands oflight short setae on patella and tibia of all legs. Apex offemora, patella, tibia and metatarsi with small creamy-pinksetae, with less evident lobes on seminal receptacles (Figs20-21) ............................................................. A. juruenicola

6. Seminal receptacles with U-shaped base and apical lobesdistant from each other (Figs 47-48), ventral side ofabdomen with a black patch (Fig. 40) ............ A. insubtilis

6’. Seminal receptacles heart-shaped, with a single narrow base,and apical lobes close to each other (Figs 36-37) ................................................................................ A. theraphosoides

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Cristina A. Rheims, Carol O’Connell, AlexandreMartorano, Gabriel Mejdalani and two anonymous reviewersfor their valuable comments and suggestions on the manuscript;curators for allowing access to museum collections, arrangingloans and allowing examination of material; Jason Dunlop whokindly took and sent us photos of the type specimen of A.geniculata; Nancy F. Lo Man Hung and David F. Candiani forhelping with MPEG material; Energia Sustentável do Brasil (ESBR)and Arcadis Logos S.A. for support during field work for collect-ing specimens from Abunã, Caiçara, Mutum, Nova MutumParaná (all localities near Usina Hidrelétrica de Jirau), PortoVelho, Rondônia. This study was supported by funds from theINCTTox PROGRAM of CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvol-vimento Científico e Tecnológico) to FSP (grant 370966/2009-0, ATP) and ADB (grant 2009/12017-0, PQ) and FAPESP(Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, grant2011/50689-0 to ADB and SML, 2012/18287-1 to RPI).

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PÉREZ-MILES, F.; F.G. COSTA; C. TOSCANO-GADEA & A. MIGNONE. 2005.Ecology and behaviour of the “road tarantulas” Eupalaestrusweijenberghi and Acanthoscurria suina (Araneae, Theraphosidae)from Uruguay. Journal of Natural History 39 (6): 483-498.doi: 10.13156/100.016.0306.

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TIMOTHEO-DA-COSTA, A. 1960. Uma nova migalomorfa do AltoXingu Acanthoscurria xinguensis sp. nov. (Aviculariidae).Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro (Zoolo-gia) 216: 1-13.

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Submitted: 30.VIII.2013; Accepted: 16.I.2014.Editorial responsibility: Gabriel L.F. Mejdalani

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