economic value of bushmeat and poverty alleviation in the amazonian region
DESCRIPTION
Presentation by Sarah Hernandez at the symposium, "Innovative ways for conserving the ecosystem services provided by bushmeat" in the 51th Annual Meeting ATBC 2014 in Cairns, Australia.TRANSCRIPT
Economic value of bush meat and poverty alleviation in the Amazonian
region
Sarah Hernandez, PhD., Pierre RiallandMaria Paula Quiceno, Daniel CruzNathalie Van Vliet, Robert Nasi
Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services of bushmeat, ATBC
2014, Cairns, Australia
Outline
• Rational of the study
• Presentation of the methodological aspects
• Results
• Issus for discussion
Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bushmeat,
ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia
Rational of the study (I)• Contribute to the debate on the economic value of
ecosystem services provided by tropical forest– Role of bush meat as part of ecological process (regulating
services)– Bush meat as a contributor to human well-being (provisioning
services).
• Bring some insights on the economic role of bush meat (provisioning services, market organisation, economic growth)
• Provide the basis for good management practices
Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bushmeat,
ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia
Methodological aspects: Main questions (III)
• What is the total production of bush meat in the study area?
• What is the contribution of self-consumption of bush meat?
• What is the contribution of (illegal) trade of wild meat at the regional level?
• What is the net profit from the illegal trade at the regional and at the individual level?
• What are the main factors of wealth generation in the region?
Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bush meat,
ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia
Methodological aspects (II)
Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bushmeat,
ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia
Utility function (hunters, market sellers, restaurants)
πj= b Σ Pi Qi + (1-b) Σ Pi Qi – Σ C (Qi )
Economic rentfrom bush meat trade
Economic value ofsubsistence
Cost associated with Wild meat activities
Semi structured interviews55 hunters (48%)15 market sellers (44%)28 restaurants (61%)
115 hunters34 market sellers46 restaurants
Total production of bush meat
Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bush meat,
ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia
(55 hunters) 6 tons per month114 kg per hunter per month
(115 potential hunters)13 tons per month
US$ 26,000 per month
US$ 55,000 per month
% of total value: Brazil 42% Colombia 22% Peru 36%
Armadillo (Dasypus sp)
Giant (Priodontes maximus)
Paca (Cuniculus paca)
Tapir (Tapirus terrestris)
Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu)
White lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari)
Amazonian tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria)
Curassow (Crax globulosa)
Perdix (Crypturellus sp. Tinamou)
Grey brocket deer (Mazama americana)
Red brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira)
Grey-winged Trumpeter (Psophia crepitans)
Black agouti (Dasyprocta fuliginosa)
Yellow-spotted River Turtle (Podocnemis unifilis)
Spix's guan (Penelope jaqcuacu)
Red howler monkey (Aloautta seniculus)
Economic value of hunters’ self-consumption
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Brazil Colombia Peru
Value of self-consumption
(US$)1435,4 2583,6 1806,3
Value of huntingactivities (US$)
11041,56 5871,82 9506,78
Brazil: 13%Colombia 44%Peru 19%
Total value of the regionUS$6,000 per month (55 hunters)US$109 per hunter per month
Self-consumption (1,4 tons or 25kg per hunter per month) = Upper threshold admitted by law.By law subsistence = feed the family ≠ the surveys showed subsistence = poverty alleviation
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Brazil Colombia Peru
Total productiondedicated to self-consumption (Kg)
340 652 419
Total production(Kg)
2618,05 1481,2 2203,3
Hunters economic rent from illegal trade of wild meat
Brazil Colombia Peru
Economic Rent fromtrade (US$)
9606 3288 7700 20595
Total productiondedicated to trade
(Kg)2277,7 829,5 1784,7 4891,8
05000
10000150002000025000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Net profit per month
Costs associated with hunting activities per month,dollars
Economic rent (per month, dollars)
Brazil 87%Colombia 56%Peru 81%
Total Biomass dedicated to trade: 5 tons
US$21,000 per month (55 hunters)US$381 per hunter per monthTotal costs of hunting activities: US$3,000 per month
Total net profit for the regionUS$18,000 per month
Summary economic value of wild meat for hunters
Total revenue from forest exploitation and fishing activities : US$ 3,130 per monthIllegal trade represents 7 times the revenues from legal activitiesTotal costs of hunting activities: US$2,530 per month
Market sellers’ net profit
Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bush meat,
ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia
Economic rent from tradeUS$33,000 per month
15 market sellersUS$2,500 per market seller per month
0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Brazil Colombia Peru
Total Cost per month(US$)
55758 169 109
Total revenues permonth (US$)
65186 3692 20694
Net profit per month(US$)
9 428 3 522 20 586
Restaurants’ economic rent
Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bush meat,
ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia
3914
48305.550,47
402,52
-1.161,13-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
Brazil Colombia Peru
Net profit from wild meat per month (US$)
Net profit from other economic activities (US$)
Total economic rent: US$11,000 per monthTotal costs of acquisition of wild meat US$3,000 Total net profit : US$8,000 per month
Net revenues from chicken’s platesBrazil: US$3,181Colombia: (-)US$4,808Peru (-) US$9,123
Net revenues from fish’s platesBrazil US$6,818Colombia (-)US$3,415Peru (-) US$8,260
Economic value of wild meat throughout the trade chain
Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bush meat,
ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia
Hunters' rentper month
(US$)
Market sellers'rent, per month
(US$)
Restaurants'rent, per month
(US$)
Peru 7700 20694 6731
Colombia 3288 3692 4766
Brazil 9606 687 0
05000
1000015000200002500030000US$57,000 per month
US$685,968 per yearUS$7,220 per stakeholder per year
Gross domestic productBenjamin constantUS$2,290 per capita(2011)
ColombiaMunicipality of the amazonUS$2,987 (2011)
PeruUS$268 per capita (2013)
Discussion• Wild meat has a direct contribution to poverty
alleviation– Self-consumption– Trade
• Wild meat has a direct contribution to wealth generation (income and investments) – Feed equally the shadow economy and the formal economy
• Economic rent = cost of the externalities• Cost of illegality: high in Brazil, unseen in Peru and
Colombia But need to be assessed.
Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services provided by bushmeat,
ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia
Opportunity costSunk costs for hunting activities
Regulating
services
Provisioning services
A
B
C
Governance and institutions
Incentives
Knowledge base
Source: T. Elmqvist et al. 2010
Rational of the survey (III)
Potential trade-offs between provisioning and cultural services (bush meat) andregulating services (resilience and complexity of forest ecosystem)
Innovative ways for conserving the ecological services of bushmeat, ATBC
2014, Cairns, Australia
www.cifor.org/bushmeat
FORESTS, WILDLIFE & NUTRITION