e. f. eikenberry e. f. eikenberry 1 ch. brönnimann 1 g. huelsen 1 h. toyokawa 2 r. horisberger 3 b....
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Paul Scherrer Institut
E. F. Eikenberry
E. F. Eikenberry1
Ch. Brönnimann1
G. Huelsen1
H. Toyokawa2
R. Horisberger3
B. Schmitt1
C. Schulze-Briese1 T. Tomizaki1
1 Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI2 SPring8, Japan3 CMS-Project, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI
PILATUS: A 2-Dimensional X-Ray Detector For
Macromolecular Crystallography
Paul Scherrer Institut
E. F. Eikenberry
10m
LINAC (100 MeV)
Booster (2.4 GeV)
Storage Ring (2.4 GeV, 288 m)
Undulators
1L
3M
5L
6S7
M
8S
9L
10S
11M
12S 2
S
4S
Sur
face
s /
Inte
rfac
es:
Mic
rosc
opy
Surfaces /
Interfaces:
Spectroscopy
Protein
Xtallo-
graphy
Ma
teri
als
Sc
ien
ce
s
XA
S
IRVUV
SLS LayoutSLS Layout
Green: first phase beamlinesRed: proposed beamlines
)s i n (2 d
BeamEnergy: 5-17.5 keVIntensity: ~10 /sFocal spot size: Adjustable to 25 x 15 mD ivergency:150 µrad x 28 µrad (FW H M )
13
2
Crystal rotation- 30-180 degree for com plete data set- Currently: D iscrete ro tation, integration
over certa in ro tation angle- Future: Continuous rotation, in tegration determ ined by detector fram e rate (
)F ine
phi slic ing
Spot size:
- Beam divergence- M osaicity o f the crysta l- D istance sam ple-detector- Point spread function of detector
Diffraction data- re flect crystal sym m etry group- orientation of the crysta l-> orientation m atrix- H igh dynam ic range: >10 betw een strong and weak reflections- In tensities need to be determ ined accurate ly (1% )- Determ ination of am plitudes and phases leads to e lectron density m aps
4
Detector requirem ents: - Large area (40 x 40 cm ) and/or large num ber of pixels - Detect a high num ber of reflection orders (>500)- Accurate determ ination of integrated intensities- W ide dynamic range (>16 bit, i.e. single photon counting detector) - Fast readout (<0.1s)
2
Resolution:
)s i n (2 d
For d=1A and =1A , =60 o
C rysta llize d Pro te in
X-ra y De te c to r
Diffra c tio n p a tte rn
Diffra c te d b e a m
Be a m
Data collection in protein crystallography
Paul Scherrer Institut
SLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer Institut
X-Ray Diffraction From A X-174 Virus Crystal
SLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer Institut
Macromolecular Crystallography
Determine the structure of highlycomplex molecules to atomic resolution
Molecular Weight > 1 MDa (> 50,000 atoms)
Applications:
EnzymesVirusesCatalytic mechanismsElectron transportEnergy transductionMotilityDrug DesignStructural genomics
SLS Detector Group
The SLS Pixel Detector
Paul Scherrer Institut
Size: 40 x 40 cm2 (0.16m2)
2000 x 2000 pixels
Pixel size: 217 x 217 m2
Modular detector -> dead area ~6% High frame rate: >10Hz
High duty cycle: >94% (Tro~6ms)
Base plate(water cooled)
Tilt angle: variable
Bank with5 modules
Moduleswith 16 chips
SLS Detector Group
Pixel Detectors: Principle
Paul Scherrer Institut
Pixel Sensor X-rays
Pixel Read-out Chip
0.2 m m
0.2 m m0.3 m m
Bum p Bonds
Sensor
Chip
GlobalTresh
Tresholdcorrection
CSAmp
Comp
Reset
BumpPad
Enable/Disable
-
+
Cal1.7fF
Analog Block Digital Block
15 bit SRcounter
ClockGen
RBI
RBO
ExtClock
Ext/CompClock
Detector
Pixel electronics
Radiation hard
n+
p+
n++
Al
X-rays
E drift V bias
+
-
Si pn-junction
3.6 eV to create 1 eh-pair
SLS Detector Group
Please see landscape-oriented supplement:
Slide 8: Bump-bonded ModuleSlide 9: PILATUS ModuleSlide 10: Final Module AssemblySlide 11: Bank With 3 ModulesSlide 12: Module FabricationSlide 15: Flat-field CorrectionSlide 18: Continuous Fine -SlicingSlide 19: Lysozyme: MOSFLM AutoindexSlide 20: Lysozyme: MOSFLM Refined Cell
Paul Scherrer Institut
Trimming A Module With A Global Vcmp
SLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer Institut
Threshold vs. Vcmp
SLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer Institut
PILATUS Detector Crystallography
Lysozyme1º rotation2 s exposure
SLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer Institut
Rotation Angle (), deg.
Inte
grat
ed I
nten
sity
, x-r
ays
Fine -Slicing with PILATUS
Lysozyme:0.02° steps0.5 s exposureFWHM: 0.06° - 0.10°
1.5° Rotation Image
SLS Detector Group
Paul Scherrer Institut
SLS 2k 2k Pixel Detector
PIXEL:217 217 m2
Preamplifier and shaperThreshold discriminator with 4-bit trim15-bit counter>105 x-ray/s
CHIP:CMOS 0.8 m DMILL rad-hardDesigned at PSI44 78 pixels, 9.9 18.3 mm2
Read out at 10 MHz
MODULE:Fully depleted diode array81 36.6 mm2 300 m, 57,462 pixelsIndium bump-bonded to 16 chipsChips read out in parallel (5 ms)Module control board
BANK:5 modulesBank control board caches data
DETECTOR:12 banksAdjustable V-shape
With fine-slicing, a 180 rotation may produce2000 8 MB images (16 GB) in ~3 min.
SLS Detector Group
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