digital generator protection system

1

Industrial Systems

Digital Generator Protection System

• Microprocessor Based Protection, Control and Monitoring System

• Waveform Sampling• User Friendly• GE/Hydro Quebec Joint

Development

2

Industrial Systems

3

Industrial Systems

System Overview

• Multiple Microprocessors• Sampling Rate = 12 Samples/Cycle• 20 MHz Operation• Auto Gain Change A/D Converter

TIME SYNCH(IRIG-B)

6 CONTACTINPUTS

11 AUXILIARYRELAYS

4 TRIPRELAYS

8 CURRENTS

4 VOLTAGES

FILTERANDMUX

ANALOGTO

DIGITALCONVERTER

DSP’S3-TMS320

MMI

MICROPROCESSORS2-80C186

REMOTEPC

DIGITALINPUTS/

OUTPUTS

4

Industrial Systems

Applications

• For Small, Medium and Large Generator Protection

• Suitable for Variety of Prime-Movers - Gas, Steam, Hydro Turbines

• Most Commonly Used Protection Functions Packaged in a Standard Modular Case

5

Industrial Systems

Protective Functions

• Stator Differential (87G)– Variable Slope Characteristic

• 100% Stator Ground Fault (64G)– Two Overlapping Zones– 95% with Fundamental Neutral OV– 15% with 3rd Harmonic Comparator– or 15% with 27TN Function (Special)

• Time Overcurrent with Voltage Restraint (51V)

• Current Unbalance (46)– Negative Sequence Overcurrent - I22t– Linear Reset Characteristic

• Loss of Excitation (40)– Two Zones of Off-Set Mho

R

X

Offset = X’d 2

Diameter = 1.0 pu

Diameter = Xd

(87G)

(40)

6

Industrial Systems

Protective Functions (Cont.)

• Overexcitation or V/Hz (24)– Inverse Characteristic– Instantaneous with Time Delay

• Reverse Power (32)– Two Levels

• Under/Over Frequency (81)– Multiple Steps (2-4)– Undervoltage Cutoff Feature

• Overvoltage (59)– Inverse Characteristic

• Undervoltage (27)• Neutral Overcurrent (51GN)

Relay Characteristic

Transformer Limit Curve onGenerator Voltage Base

Generator Manufacturer’sRecommended Protection Curve

VOLTS/HERTZ (%)

TIME (MINUTES)

140

130

120

110

100

.01 0.1 1.0 10 100

(24)

7

Industrial Systems

Additional Protective Features• Voltage Transformer Fuse Failure (VTFF)

– Internal or External– Block 40 and 51V functions

VTFF+DI6

FD

Overcurrent(voltage restraint) 51VAND

Loss of ExcitationZone 1 40-1TL12AND

Loss of ExcitationZone 2 40-2TL13AND

DI6

Ext. VTFF OR

V 2 > 15VSELV2SUP

PUDO

PU=3 SamplesDO=5 Samples

ENA

DIS

8

Industrial Systems

Adaptive Sampling Interval - 30.5 - 79.5 Hz

Frequency vs SensitivityDGP Relay System

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

System Frequency (Hz)

Rel

ativ

e S

ensi

tivi

ty

Fixed Sampling Rate of 12 Samples/ Cycle

64G1

32

24

4659

32

9

Industrial Systems

Additional Protective Features• Accidental Energization Logic

• Sequential Trip Logic

AE

AND

DI1 - GEN.OFF-LINE

AE ARM

AND50 (51V Pickup Flag) AND AND

VTFF

PUDO

V1 < 30VOR

OR PU=5 secDO=0.25 sec

AND

Reverse Pwr.No. 1

Seq. Trip Enabled

SELBKDI1

AND ANDOR TL1 32-1

DI1 - GEN.OFF-LINE

INLET VALVECLOSED

10

Industrial Systems

Inputs

• (8) Currents– Ia, Ib, Ic, In

(Neutral Side)– Ia, Ib, Ic, In

(System Side)• (4) Voltages

– Va, Vb, Vc(Wye or Open Delta)

– Vng(Neutral Ground Xfmr)

• IRIG-B Time Synchronization• (6) Digital Inputs

– Two External Trip (DI3, DI4)

– Generator Off-Line Indication (AE)

– Turbine Inlet Valve Close Indication (Sequential Trip)

– Oscillography Trigger– External VT Fuse Failure

11

Industrial Systems

Outputs

• (4) Trip Relays– Two From A Contacts Each– Configurable

• (11) Auxiliary Relays– One Form C Contact Each– Four Configurable Alarm Contacts (74A, 74B, 74C, 74D)– Pre-defined Alarm Contacts

• Critical Self-Test Alarm• Non Critical Self-Test Alarm• VT Fuse Failure Alarm• Test Pickup Indication• Test Trip Indication• Loss of Power Supply No. 1• Loss of Power Supply No. 2

12

Industrial Systems

Simplified Logic Diagram

CO

NF

IGU

RA

BL

E L

OG

IC

TRIP A94G

Overvoltage (59)

Accidental Energization (AE)

Stator Differential (87G)

Reverse Pwr.(32-1, 32-2)

Undervoltage (27)

Overcurrent with voltage restraint (51V)

Current Unbalance - Trip, Alarm (46T, 46A)

Loss of Excitation (40-1, 40-2)

Stator Ground - Zone 1, 2 (64G1, 64-2)

Neutral Overcurrent (51GN)

Overexcitation, Trip (24T)Generator On-Line

Overexcitation, Trip (24T)Generator Off-Line

Under Frequency (81-1U, 2U,3U,4U)

OR

TRIP B94G1

OR

TRIP C94G2

OR

TRIP D94G3

OR

ALARM74A

OR

ALARM74B

OR

ALARM74C

OR

ALARM74D

OROver Frequency (81-1O, 2O,3O,4O)

13

Industrial Systems

Monitoring

• Present Values• Trip Circuit Monitor• Fault Reports (Last 3 Faults)• Sequence of Events

(Last 100 Events)• Self Tests

14

Industrial Systems

Present Value Monitoring

• Currents– System and Neutral Side (Ia, Ib, Ic, In)– Negative Sequence

• Voltages– Va, Vb, Vc– % 3rd Harmonic Voltage (Phase and Neutral)

• Megawatts• Mvars• Frequency• Status of Digital InputsScroll on Command or Display Selected Parameters

15

Industrial Systems

Trip Circuit Monitor

• Trip Voltage Monitor– Normal Condition– Four Trip Circuits (94G, 94G1, 94G2,

94G3)• Trip Current Monitor

– Trip Condition– Four Trip Circuits (94G, 94G1, 94G2,

94G3)– Seal-in of Output Relay

• Disable/Enable Feature

16

Industrial Systems

Communications

• Local MMI (Standard)

– 2 Level Password Protection

– 16 LED Alphanumeric Display

– Keypad with 20 Keys

– Separate Function Keys for

• Settings

• Action

• Information

– 19 LED Targets

– Status LED

– Local Printer Port (AA, CA models)

17

Industrial Systems

Communications

• Remote Access

– Via RS232 & “DGP-LINK” Software

– Front and Rear RS232 Ports

– 3 Level Password Protection

• Access to:

– Present Values

– Fault Report

– Sequence of Events

– Oscillography

– Manual Control

– Relay Settings

Local Functions Setup Help

[ - ] DGP COMMUNICATIONS 1.35

Logout Change access level Hang up phone

Actions . . . Information . . . Settings . . .

Relay Functions

Login

Phone disconnected

18

Industrial Systems

Present Values

• Currents• Voltages• Watts• Vars• Frequency• Negative Sequence

Current• 3rd Harmonic Voltage• Status of Digital Inputs

GEN Simulator DGP 0000PRESENT VALUES

Station ID:MALVERN

Generator ID:MODEL GENERATOR

10/28/9314:37:23:446

IAS: 5696.0 A -014 DEGS VAN: 008.5 KV 000 DEGSIBS: 5488.0 A -142 DEGS VBN: 008.1 KV -118 DEGSICS: 4864.0 A 104 DEGS VCN: 008.2 KV 122 DEGSIAR: 5680.0 A -014 DEGSIBR: 5456.0 A -142 DEGSICR: 4880.0 A 104 DEGSNEGATIVE SEQ CURRENT: 08.1 %3RD HARM PH: 00.1 % 3RD HARM N: 03.7%

WATTS: +126.33 MWATT VARS: +041.95 MVAR

GEN OFF-LIN: OPEN INLET VLV: OPENDIG IN 3: OPEN DIG IN 4: OPENOSC TRIG: OPEN EXT VTFF: OPEN

FREQ: 60.00 SAMPLING FREQ: 720.0

19

Industrial Systems

Fault ReportFault Report

Prefault– Currents

– Voltages

– Watts

– Vars

– Frequency

Post Fault– Currents

– Voltages

– Trip Targets

– Operating Time

Selected Events Last 3 Faults Stored

Gen Simulator DGP 0000

FAULT REPORT

Station ID:MALVERNGenerator ID:MODEL GENERATOR

FAULT#: 02

FAULT DATE: 08/09/93 TRIP TIME: 05:10:37:829FAULT TYPE: ABCTRIP TYPE: 87G SYSTEM OPERATING TIME: 000008

PREFAULT FAULT-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------IAS: 0128.0 A IAS: 014672 A IAR: 015664 AIBS: 0208.0 A IBS: 015264 A IBR: 016704 AICS: 0080.0 A ICS: 013600 A ICR: 014960 A

INS: 0048.0 A INR: 0384.0 AVAN: 010.2 KVVBN: 010.2 KV VAN: 693.0 VVCN: 010.0 KV VBN: 693.0 V

VCN: 679.4 VFREQ: 60.00 VN: 047.0 V

WATTS: +1888.5 KWATTVARS: +3777.0 KVAR

05:10:37.834 87G PHASE A ON05:10:37.834 87G PHASE B ON

20

Industrial Systems

Sequence of Events

• Operational Events– Setting Changes– Fault Data– Status

• Diagnostic Self-Test Events– Warning (Non-Critical

Alarm)– Failure (Critical Alarm)

• Time Tagged to 1ms Resolution

• Last 100 Events Stored• Available at Communication

Port or at Printer Port

GEN Simulator DGP 0000Events

Station ID:MALVERN

Generator ID:MODEL GENERATOR

10/29/93 14:39:54:971 94G TRIP CIRCUIT OPEN ALARM ON10/29/93 14:33:35:661 94G2 TRIP SIGNAL RESET

10/29/93 14:33:35:660 32-1 OFF10/29/93 14:33:35:639 32-2 OFF10/29/93 14:33:34:396 32-1 ON

10/29/93 14:33:31:997 TURBINE INLET VALUE CLOSED10/29/93 14:33:28:423 GENERATOR OFF-LINE10/29/93 14:33:26:452 94G2 TRIP SIGNAL ON

10/29/93 14:33:26:451 32-2 ON10/29/93 14:27:09:878 GENERATOR ON-LINE

10/29/93 14:27:04:968 TURBINE INLET VALUE OPEN10/29/93 14:26:54:263 94G3 TRIP SIGNAL RESET

10/29/93 14:26:54:262 64G1 OFF10/29/93 14:26:50:911 TURBINE INLET VALUE CLOSED

10/29/93 14:26:47:584 GENERATOR OFF-LINE10/29/93 14:26:42:604 94G3 TRIP SIGNAL ON

10/29/93 14:26:42:603 64G1 ON10/29/93 14:25:44:444 GENERATOR ON-LINE

10/29/93 14:25:38:202 TURBINE INLET VALUE OPEN10/28/93 16:32:31:642 REMOTE - SETTINGS CHANGE DONE

10/28/93 16:32:30:882 REMOTE - SETTINGS CHANGE STARTED

21

Industrial Systems

Sequence of Events

• Events Include:– Trip Signal ON / RESET– Protection Function ON / OFF– Digital Input Status– VT Fuse Failure Alarm ON / OFF– Trip Circuit Open Alarm ON / OFF– Trip Circuit ENERGIZED / NOT ENERGIZED– Password Changed– ENABLE / DISABLE Outputs– Setting Change START / DONE– Failure Messages (Critical Self-Test Alarm)– Warning Messages (Non-Critical Self-Test Alarm)

22

Industrial Systems

Oscillography Data

Currents and Voltages Digital Flags Internal and External

Oscillography Triggering 120 Cycles of Storage

Capability Up to 20 Cycles Prefault

Data Up to 3 Trip Event Captures ASCII File Format

(Readable by EXCEL/LOTUS/DGP-DATA)

Fault Report and Settings Saved for Each Fault

23

Industrial Systems

Hardware and Packaging

• Testing and Trouble Shooting– Optional MOD-10 Modular Test and Connection Plugs

for Current/Voltage Injection

• Draw-Out Modular Construction– Plug-In Modules for Test and Maintenance– Removable Door– Target Clearing Through Door

• Self-Test Diagnostics– Critical Alarm– Non-Critical Alarm

24

Industrial Systems

Nomenclature Selection Guide

DGP * * * A * * 1 1 AMP Rated5 5 AMP Rated

0 One power supply, 48 Vdc1 One power supply, 110/125 Vdc2 One power supply, 220/250 Vdc3 Two power supplies, 48 Vdc4 Two power supplies, 110/125 Vdc5 Two power supplies, 220/250 Vdc

A With Test BlocksB Without Test Blocks

A Future UseA Function Group A See B Function Group B DGP SelectionC Function Group C Guide

A Revision Level

25

Industrial Systems

DGP Selection GuideFUNCTIONS & FEATURES A B CStator Differential 87G X X XCurrent Unbalance 46 X X XLoss of Excitation 40-1, 40-2 X X XAnti-motoring 32 2 Setpoints 1 Setpoint 2 SetpointsOC - voltage restraint 51V X X XStator Ground 64G1 (Fundamental OV) X X XStator Ground 64G2 (3rd Harm. Comparator) X - XNeutral OC 51GN - X XOver Excitation 24 (Volts/Hz) X X XOver Voltage 59 X X XUnder Voltage 27 - X XUnder Frequency 81-U 4 Setpoints 2 Setpoints 4 SetpointsOver Frequency 81-O 4 Setpoints 2 Setpoints 4 SetpointsAccidental Energization Logic X X XSequential Trip Logic X X XVoltage Transformer Fuse Failure VTFF X X XOscillography Data Capture X - XCommunication Ports 2-RS232 2-RS232 2-RS232Printer Output X - XIRIG-B InputX - X

Example: DGP54BACA - DGP rated 5 amperes, 50/60 Hz, 110/125 VDC redundant powersupplies, no built-in test blocks, function group A, revision A.