diffusion & osmosis ch 8. diffusion definition: net movement of particles from an area of...

Diffusion & Osmosis

Ch 8

Diffusion Definition: Net movement of particles from an

area of _______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration

Example: _____________________________

highhighlowlow

The smell of popcorn traveling The smell of popcorn traveling across the room across the room

Diffusion results from the _________ movements of particles (Brownian motion)

Diffusion is a ________ process

randomrandom

SLOWSLOW

3 factors affect the ________ (how

quickly or slowly) of diffusion

________________ If you increase ________ then ______________________

________________ If you increase ________ then __________________________

________________ If you increase ________ then _______________________

raterate

TemperatureTemperature

ConcentrationConcentration

PressurePressure

TempTemp..it will move more it will move more

ConcConc..it will diffuse more rapidlyit will diffuse more rapidly

PressurePressureit will increase diffusionit will increase diffusion

Eventually… the particles will become _______ distributed

The condition in which there is continuous movement, but no overall concentration change is called __________________

evenlyevenly

dynamic equilibriumdynamic equilibrium

The difference in concentration of a substance across a space is called _______________________concentration gradientconcentration gradient

High concentration

Low concentration

concentration gradient

concentration gradient

In the case with diffusion, particles are moving from an area of _____ concentration to an area of _____ concentration; therefore, the substance is said to move ______ the concentration gradient.

highhighlowlow

withwith

Another example of diffusion: Oxygen in the air sacs of lungs

diffuses into capillariesParticles constantly move & bounce off

each other and other surfaces

Osmosis Definition: Diffusion of water across a

_________________ membrane

Osmosis is a special example of __________

Semi-permeableSemi-permeable

diffusiondiffusion

Osmosis Example: Absorption of water by plant roots

Osmosis

It is important to notice that __________________ molecules do not cross the membrane, but _______ molecules do cross during osmosis

Osmosis occurs in both plant and animal cells and there are three conditions that typically appear.

large impermeablelarge impermeableHH2200

Isotonic Solution Concentration of dissolved substances in the

solution is the _______ as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell.

Hypotonic solution Concentration of dissolved substances is

_______ in the solution outside the cell than the concentration inside the cell

Hypertonic solution Concentration of dissolved substances is

________ outside than the concentration inside the cell

samesame

lessless

greatergreater

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

10% salt

10% salt

cell

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

2% salt

10% salt

cell

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

25% salt

10% salt

cell

Normal Cells in Isotonic Solution

Cells in Hypertonic Solution

Cells in Hypotonic Solution

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

10% salt

10% salt

cell

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

2% salt

10% salt

cell

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

25% salt

10% salt

cell

Equal movement in

and out

More H2O in than out

More H2O out than in

Here is what happens when more water exits or more water enters