chapter 9. election of 1800 federalists supported john adams republicans supported thomas jefferson...

Chapter 9Chapter 9

Election of 1800

•Federalists supported John Adams•Republicans supported Thomas Jefferson

•Letter writing campaign

Election of 1800•Tied Vote between Jefferson and his

running mate Aaron Burr•House of Representatives decided

•Passed 12 Amendment–Requires electors to vote for the president and vice president on separate ballots

Monticello

Jefferson’s Inauguration

•3rd President•Jefferson tried to bridge the gap

between the developing political parties & reach out to Federalist with healing words

•Laissez-faire- let the people do as they choose (lazy government)

Jefferson’s Polices•Strength of government was the farmers-people who owned land

•Expand Westward•Federal government kept small•Supported states rights

Jefferson’s Cabinet

President Thomas Jefferson 1801, 1805

Vice PresidentAaron Burr

George Clinton18011805

Secretary of State James Madison 1801

Secretary of War Henry Dearborn 1801

Secretary of the TreasurySamuel DexterAlbert Gallatin

18011801

Attorney GeneralLevi Lincoln

John C. BreckinridgeCaesar A. Rodney

180118051807

Secretary of the Navy Robert Smith 1801

Judiciary Act of 1801

•Creates the Federal Court System

•Set up regional courts for the US with 16 judges and many other officials

•Before Adams left office he appointed new judges

•Letters had to be delivered, yet not all arrived before Jefferson took office

•He stopped the undelivered letters and appointed new people

•William Marbury never received his letter

“Midnight Judges”

Marbury v. Madison•Court case of 1803•Supreme Court of the US established

its authority to review government actions that conflict with the Constitution

•1st time-judicial review was used•1st time - Supreme Court declared

something to be unconstitutional•John Marshall

•Federal courts to decide if state and federal laws are unconstitutional

•Gave the Supreme Court the power to be the final authority in what the Constitution means

•Basic part of our checks and balances system

Judicial Review

Government Should•Custom Duties-taxes on foreign

imported goods•Limited the government:

–Collecting custom duties–Delivering mail–Census every 10 yrs

Conestoga Wagons

Conestoga Wagons

Louisiana Territory•Who Owned: 1st France, 2nd

Spain, 3rd France (4th US)•Now that France owns, worried

about the port of New Orleans & the Mississippi River

French Threat•Napoleon Bonaparte had plans for empires in Europe & America

•We offered to buy just New Orleans and West Florida

for $10 million•Said NO!!

The Nation DoublesDoubles

•Charles de Talleyrand informed the American diplomats that the entire Louisiana Territory was for sale

•SOLD for $15 million•DOUBLES our size

In 1803 United States President Thomas Jefferson paid Napoleon Bonaparte of

France $15 million for about 2.1 million sq km (about 800,000 sq mi) of land west of

the Mississippi River. This purchase doubled the size of the United States.

LEWIS AND CLARK

Lewis and Clark•Exploration of the American West

and Pacific Northwest, May 1804 – Sept 1806.

•Led by army officers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.

•Sent by Pres. Jefferson

Lewis and Clark•Covered a total of about 8,000 mi, from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean and back.

•Jefferson believed in a Northwest Passage or some kind of water connection between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

Lewis and Clark•Goal of the expedition was to locate such a water route

•Made peaceful contact with Indians

•Gained wealth of knowledge about the peoples, geography, plants, and animals

United States president Thomas Jefferson commissioned the Lewis and Clark expedition that began in 1804. This painting by shows Shoshone guide Sacagawea leading the way for American

explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. They traveled from St. Louis, Missouri, to the Columbia

River where it meets the Pacific Ocean.

Sacagawea 1787?-1812•Shoshone Native American

woman

•Accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition

•She helped persuade many Indian tribes of their peaceful intentions

•Acted as an interpreter

Pike’s Expedition

•Zebulon Pike set out to explore

•Mississippi River to Colorado•Snow capped mountain-Pike’s peak

Secede or Withdraw

•Many Federalists opposed the Louisiana Purchase and threatened to secede

•New England into “Northern Confederacy”

“The Duel” Burr & Hamilton

•Burr was defeated in the governor race of New York

•Burr forced Hamilton into a duel•Met in Weehawken, New Jersey•Hamilton was mortally wounded

and died the next day.

Freedom of the Seas

•People needed our trade•Remained neutral (not take sides) during France and Britain's war

Problems with Britain•Kidnapped American sailors•Impressment•Attack the ship Chesapeake•Passed the Embargo Act

–Prohibited trade with other countries

–HURT US-overturned

New President

•James Madison 4th President•“Father of the Constitution”

Tecumseh•Built a confederacy among

Native Americans of the Northwest

•Alliance with Canada•HATED America• Joined forces with the British•When he died, so did his dreams

Indian Problems•Battle of Tippecanoe

–Gen.William Henry Harrison

•Harrison’s nickname–Used in Presidential Race 1840

–Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too

War Hawks•Group of young Republicans

elected to Congress in 1810•Pressured the president, James

Madison to declare war on Britain•Nationalism- loyalty to a nation

and promotion of its interest above all others

•Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

War Hawks

War of 1812•United States vs. Britain 1812-1815 •Protect American ships on the high

seas & to stop the British from impressing or seizing U.S. sailors

•U.S. ships were being stopped and searched by both Great Britain and France, who were fighting each other in Europe.

War of 1812•Needed to prevent Britain from

forming alliances with Native Americans on the American frontier.

•“second war of independence” •opportunity for Americans to

defend their freedom and honor in the face of European disrespect

Battles•Battle of Thames-Tecumseh killed•Battle of Horseshoe Bend-Andrew

Jackson•Attack on Washington D.C.•Battle of Lake Champlain•Battle of New Orleans- Andrew

Jackson became a HERO!!

Other•Treaty of Ghent- ended the war

•Hartford Convention–Weakened the Federalist Party–The public lost respect

Key PeopleFrancis Scott Key

–National Anthem–Star Spangled Banner–Written while at Fort McHenry

Dolly Madison–Helped save documents & paintings

Vocabulary•Nationalism-Loyalty to ones country

•Frigates- Warships•Privateers-Armed private ships

War of 1812

Battle of New Orleans

Helped Andrew Jackson win Presidency

Attack on Washington D.C.

Commodore Perry