chapter 5 p136
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
The raw materials sweet potato flour, cake flour, sugar, baking powder, salt, egg,
milk and butter were subjected to the procedure stated in figure 3 and was subjected to
sensory evaluation.
As a result in color evaluation, formulation 1, 8, 10 and 13 got the highest mean. In
texture evaluation, formulation 12 got the highest mean. In taste / flavor evaluation,
formulation 1 and 8 got the highest mean. In tenderness evaluation, formulation 12 got the
highest mean. In odor / aroma evaluation, formulation 12 got the highest mean. In firmness
evaluation, formulation 8 and 9 got the highest mean.
With the use of the hedonic rating scale (HRS), it showed that formulation 12 is the
best sample that is most acceptable for the panelist.
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• It is also recommended to use other variety of sweet potato for further study on
optimization of sweet potato flour in muffin making.
• Decrease the level of Camote Flour to improve the Flavor of the product.
• Decrease the level of Cake Flour and Fat to improve the Tenderness of the product.
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CHAPTER VI
BIBLIOGRAPHY
6.1 Books
6.1.1Bender, Arnold. Dictionary of Nutrition and Food Technology, Butterworth
and Co. Ltd., 1995
6.1.2 Books, Grange. Inspired Baking, 1995
6.1.3 Charley, Helen. Food Science. John wiley and Sons. Inc., 1982
6.1.4 De Leon, Sonia. Basic Foods for Filipinos. Merriam and Webster Booksote,
Inc., 1999
6.1.5 Essential Cooking Series
6.1.6 Comprehensive, Step by Step Cooking
6.1.7 Guzman, Matilde. Introduction to Food Preparation. Merriam and Webster
Bookstore, Inc., 1985
6.1.8 L.S Collado, H.Corke. Philippine Journal Food Science and Tech.Vol 21, No.
2.1999.Functional Properties of SPF and Starch.
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6.2.2 Gaspar, Ma. Thelma; Galaro, Lolita C., and Mitra, Nelodina. Acceptability
Studies of Drop Cookies Prepared from composite Flour (Consisting of Soya and Sweet
Potato). 1993
6.3 Website
6.3.1 www.chinesefood.about.com
6.3.2 www.encyclopedia.com
6.3.3 www.fnri.dost.gov.ph
6.3.4 Encarta.msn.com
6.3.5 www.pccnaturalmarkets.com
6.3.6 www.wikipedia.com
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APPENDIX
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APPENDIX A
(Hedonic Rating Scale)
Score Sheet for ________________
Panelist Name: ____________________
Code No.: _______
Date: ___________________
Instruction: You are presented with a sample of _____________________. Please
evaluate the given sample/s according to the characteristics enumerated below. Place a
mark 9-like extremely, 8-like very much, 7-like moderately, 6-like slightly, 5-like nor
dislike, 4-dislike slightly, 3-dislike moderately, 2-dislike very much and 1-dislike
extremely which best describe the sample.
Code Color Texture Taste/Flavor
Tenderness Odor/Aroma
Firmness GeneralAcceptability
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APPENDIX B
(Qualitative Descriptive Analysis)
Score Sheet for ________________
Panelist Name: ____________________
Code No.: _______
Date: ___________________
Instruction: You are presented with a sample of _____________________. Please
evaluate the given sample/s according to the characteristics enumerated below. Place a
mark line and coded sample/s number which best describe the sample.
Color
Pale Yellow Golden Yellow
Flavor
Weak Sweet Potato Strong Sweet Potato
Firmness
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APPENDIX C
Analysis of Variance on Color
(Qualitative Descriptive Analysis)
a) C.F.= (1,244.7)² C.F= 10,328.5
(10)(15)
b) SSP = 156,818.6 – 10,328.5 SSP = 126.07
15
c) SSS = 103,609.4 – 10,328.5 SSS = 32.4410
d) TSS = 11,542.1 – 10,328.5 TSS = 1,213.6
e) ESS = 1,213.6– (126.07 + 32.44) ESS = 1,055.09
f) df for sample = 15-1 = 14 numerator (df1)
df for panelist = 10-1 = 9df for total = 150-1= 149
df for error = 149- (14+ 9) = 126 denominator (df2)
g) MS for samples = 32.44/14= 2.32MS for panelist = 126.07/9= 14.01
Ms for error = 1,055.09/126= 8.37
h) Fc or F value = 2.32/8.37= 0.28
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Analysis of Variance on Flavor
(Qualitative Descriptive Analysis)
a) C.F.= (1,210.6)² C.F= 9,770.3
(10)(15)
b) SSP = 148,527.5 – 9,770.3 SSP = 131.53
15
c) SSS = 98,118.2 – 9,770.3 SSS = 41.52
10
d) TSS = 11,025.0 – 9,770.3 TSS = 1,254.7
e) ESS = 1,254.7 – (131.52 + 41.52) ESS = 1,081.65
f) df for sample = 15-1 = 14 numerator (df1)
df for panelist = 10-1 = 9
df for total = 150-1= 149df for error = 149- (14+ 9) = 126 denominator (df2)
g) MS for samples = 41.52/14= 2.97
MS for panelist = 131.53/9= 14.61Ms for error = 1,081.65/126= 8.58
h) Fc or F value = 2.97/8.58= 0.35
Source of variation Df SS MS Fc Ft
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Analysis of Variance on Firmness
(Qualitative Descriptive Analysis)
a) C.F.= (1,289.9)² C.F= 11,092.3
(10)(15)
b) SSP = 116,800.2 – 11,092.3 SSP = 27.71
15
c) SSS = 111,748.2 – 11,092.3 SSS = 82.52
10
d) TSS = 12,560.0 – 11,092.3 TSS = 1,467.7
e) ESS = 1,467.7– (82.52 + 27.71) ESS = 1,357.47
f) df for sample = 15-1 = 14 numerator (df1)
df for panelist = 10-1 = 9
df for total = 150-1= 149df for error = 149- (14+ 9) = 126 denominator (df2)
g) MS for samples = 82.52/14 = 5.89
MS for panelist = 27.71/9 = 3.08Ms for error = 1,357.47/126 = 10.77
h) Fc or F value = 5.89/10.77 = 0.55
Source of variation Df SS MS Fc Ft
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Analysis of Variance on Odor / Aroma
(Qualitative Descriptive Analysis)
a) C.F.= (1,212.2)² C.F= 9,796.2
(10)(15)
b) SSP = 147,658.0 – 9,796.2 SSP = 47.67
15
c) SSS = 98,160.4 – 9,796.2 SSS = 19.84
10
d) TSS = 10,865.9 – 9,796.2 TSS = 1,069.7
e) ESS =1,069.7 – (47.67 + 19.84) ESS = 1,002.19
f) df for sample = 15-1 = 14 numerator (df1)
df for panelist = 10-1 = 9
df for total = 150-1= 149df for error = 149- (14+ 9) = 126 denominator (df2)
g) MS for samples = 19.84/14 = 1.42
MS for panelist = 47.67/9 = 5.30Ms for error = 1,002.19/126 = 7.95
h) Fc or F value = 1.42/7.95= 0.18
Source of variation Df SS MS Fc Ft
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Analysis of Variance on Tenderness
(Qualitative Descriptive Analysis)
a) C.F.= (1,209.9)² C.F= 9,759.1
(10)(15)
b) SSP = 148,105.0 – 9,759.1 SSP = 114.57
15
c) SSS = 97,799.6 – 9,759.1 SSS = 20.86
10
d) TSS = 12,070.7 – 9,759.1 TSS = 2,311.6
e) ESS = 2,311.6 – (114.57 + 20.86) ESS = 2,176.17
f) df for sample = 15-1 = 14 numerator (df1)
df for panelist = 10-1 = 9
df for total = 150-1= 149df for error = 149- (14+ 9) = 126 denominator (df2)
g) MS for samples = 20.86/14 = 1.49
MS for panelist = 114.57/9 = 12.73
Ms for error = 2,176.17/126 = 17.27
h) Fc or F value = 1.49/17.27= 0.09
S f i ti Df SS MS F Ft
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APPENDIX D
(Hedonic Rating Scale)
COLOR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²1 7 6 7 6 8 7 7 8 7 8 7 6 7 7 6 10
4
6
.93
10, 816
2 6 6 6 7 7 5 6 7 6 7 7 7 7 6 7 97 6
.47
9, 409
3 6 7 6 8 7 7 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 7 98 6
.53
9, 604
4 8 6 7 6 7 7 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 5 5 97 6
.47
9, 409
5 8 8 6 7 6 7 8 8 6 7 7 7 8 8 7 10
8
7.2 11,664
6 7 7 6 7 7 6 6 7 6 7 7 7 8 7 7 10
1
6
.73
10,201
7 6 7 6 7 7 7 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 7 96 6.4 9,216
8 6 8 5 7 7 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 7 8 7 10
0
6
.67
10,000
9 8 6 7 7 7 7 5 6 6 6 7 7 6 6 5 97 6.47
9,409
10 8 8 6 5 5 5 7 8 8 7 8 7 7 6 5 10
1
6
.73
10,201
∑y 70 69 62 66 68 65 62 70 63 70 68 68 70 65 63 99
9
99,929
7.0 6.9 6.2 6.6 6.8 6.5 6.2 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.8 6.8 7.0 6.5 6.3
∑y² 4,90 4,76 3,84 4,35 4,62 4,22 3,84 4,90 3,96 4,90 4,62 4,62 4,90 4,22 3,96 66,665
113
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0 1 4 6 4 5 4 0 9 0 4 4 0 5 9
CF = 999 SSP = 99,929 SSS = 66,665
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 49 36 49 36 64 49 49 64 49 64 49 36 49 49 36
2 36 36 36 49 49 25 36 49 36 49 49 49 49 36 49
3 36 49 36 64 49 49 36 49 36 49 36 36 36 36 49
4 64 36 49 36 49 49 25 25 36 49 49 64 64 25 25
5 64 64 36 49 36 49 64 64 36 49 49 49 64 64 496 49 49 36 36 49 36 36 49 36 49 49 49 64 49 49
7 36 49 36 36 49 49 36 49 36 49 36 36 36 36 49
8 36 64 25 36 49 49 36 49 36 49 36 49 49 64 49
9 64 36 49 64 49 49 25 36 36 36 49 49 36 36 25
10 64 64 36 36 25 25 49 64 64 49 64 49 49 36 25
∑y 498 483 388 442 468 429 392 498 401 492 466 466 496 431 405
TSS = 6, 755
114
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(Hedonic Rating Scale)
TEXTURE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²
1 8 7 5 6 7 6 8 7 6 8 7 7 8 6 4 10
0
6
.67
1,000
2 7 6 6 6 7 8 6 6 6 7 7 6 6 7 5 96 6.4 9,216
3 7 5 7 7 8 9 8 8 9 9 8 8 8 6 6 113 7
.53
12,769
4 8 7 7 6 6 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 6 2 81 5.4 6,5615 6 6 5 6 7 8 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 7 6 10
1
6
.73
10,201
6 6 6 6 7 8 4 4 4 7 7 6 6 6 4 3 84 5.6 7,056
7 3 6 3 4 4 7 7 6 4 4 4 7 4 7 5 75 5 5,625
8 7 6 5 6 5 7 4 7 7 7 6 7 6 5 4 89 5
.93
7,921
9 7 6 6 7 5 5 4 7 6 5 8 8 8 5 4 91 6
.07
8,281
10 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 5 5 6 7 7 7 5 4 83 5
.53
6,889
∑y 66 61 56 60 62 59 59 64 64 66 66 68 61 58 43 91
3
75,519
6.6 6.1 5.6 6.0 6.2 5.9 5.9 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.1 5.8 4.3
∑y² 4,35
6
3,72
1
3,13
6
3,60
0
3,84
4
3,48
1
3,48
1
4,09
6
4,09
6
4,35
6
4,35
6
4,62
4
3,72
1
3,36
4
1,84
9
56,081
115
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CF = 913 SSP = 75,519 SSS = 56,081
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 64 49 25 36 49 36 64 49 36 64 49 49 64 36 16
2 49 36 36 36 49 64 36 36 36 49 49 36 36 49 25
3 49 25 49 49 64 81 81 64 81 81 64 64 64 36 36
4 64 49 49 36 36 1 36 36 36 36 36 36 4 36 4
5 36 36 25 36 49 64 64 64 64 49 49 36 36 49 366 36 36 36 49 64 16 49 16 49 49 36 36 36 16 9
7 9 36 9 16 16 49 16 36 16 16 16 49 16 49 25
8 49 36 25 36 25 49 49 49 49 49 36 49 36 25 16
9 49 36 36 49 25 25 36 49 36 25 64 64 64 25 16
10 49 36 36 25 25 16 25 25 25 36 49 49 49 25 16
∑y 454 375 326 368 402 401 377 424 428 454 448 468 405 346 199
TSS = 5,875
116
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(Hedonic Rating Scale)
TASTE / FLAVOR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²
1 6 7 7 7 8 6 7 8 7 6 7 7 8 6 5 10
2
6.8 10,404
2 8 6 7 6 6 6 8 7 7 6 7 6 7 5 5 97 6
.47
9,409
3 6 7 4 8 6 5 7 8 6 6 5 7 6 6 8 95 6
.33
9,025
4 6 5 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 6 4 6 90 6 8,1005 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 10
2
6.8 10,404
6 7 8 7 7 6 6 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 10
3
6
.87
10,609
7 8 6 6 5 7 6 6 5 7 7 7 8 5 7 6 96 6.4 9,216
8 6 8 6 7 7 6 6 7 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 97 6
.47
9,409
9 7 8 5 5 7 7 6 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 94 6.27
8,836
10 7 8 7 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 6 6 8 6 6 10
1
6
.73
10,201
∑y 68 66 62 65 66 62 66 68 67 66 66 67 67 60 61 99
7
95,613
6.8 6.8 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.2 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.1
∑y² 4,62 4,35 3,84 4,22 4,35 3,84 4,35 4,62 4,48 4,35 4,35 4,48 4,48 3,60 3,72 63,729
117
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4 6 4 5 6 4 6 4 9 6 6 9 9 0 1
CF = 997 SSP = 95,613 SSS = 63,729
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 36 49 49 49 64 36 49 64 49 36 49 49 64 36 25
2 49 36 49 36 36 36 64 49 49 36 49 36 49 25 25
3 36 49 16 64 36 25 49 64 36 36 25 49 36 36 64
4 36 25 36 49 36 36 36 36 36 36 49 49 36 16 365 49 49 49 49 49 49 36 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 25
6 49 64 49 49 36 36 49 36 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
7 64 36 36 25 49 36 36 25 49 49 49 64 25 49 36
8 36 36 36 49 49 36 36 49 49 36 49 36 49 36 49
9 49 36 25 25 49 49 36 49 49 49 36 36 36 36 36
10 49 64 49 36 36 49 49 49 36 64 36 36 64 36 36
∑y 453 444 394 431 440 388 440 470 451 440 440 453 457 368 381
TSS = 6,450
118
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(Hedonic Rating Scale)
TENDERNESS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²
1 5 4 4 4 7 6 6 7 7 7 8 7 6 8 5 91 6
.33
8,281
2 5 6 6 7 5 5 7 8 6 7 4 5 6 4 4 85 5
.67
7,225
3 6 7 7 5 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 7 5 5 91 6
.33
8,281
4 3 6 4 6 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 7 4 2 1 48 3.2 2,304
5 7 6 6 7 7 7 6 6 7 1 7 7 7 7 6 94 6
.27
8,836
6 7 7 7 8 7 7 7 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 10
7
7
.13
11,449
7 6 7 6 6 8 8 6 5 6 8 8 7 7 8 8 10
4
6
.93
10,816
8 6 5 4 5 7 7 8 7 7 7 8 8 7 8 7 99 6.6 9,8019 6 6 6 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 6 7 7 6 99 6.6 9,801
10 7 7 6 6 6 8 8 8 7 8 7 7 7 7 2 10
1
6
.73
10,201
∑y 56 61 56 61 63 63 62 64 63 61 63 67 65 63 51 91
9
86,995
5.6 6.1 5.6 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.7 6.5 6.3 5.1
∑y² 3,13 3,72 3,13 3,72 3,93 3,96 3,84 4,09 3,96 3,72 3,96 4,48 4,22 3,96 2,60 56,535
119
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6 1 6 1 9 9 4 6 9 1 9 9 5 9 1
CF = 919 SSP = 86,995 SSS = 56,535
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 25 16 16 16 49 36 36 49 49 49 64 49 36 64 25
2 25 36 36 49 25 25 49 64 36 49 16 25 36 16 16
3 36 49 49 25 36 36 49 36 36 36 36 36 49 25 25
4 9 36 16 36 9 4 1 4 9 9 1 49 16 4 15 49 36 36 49 49 49 36 36 49 1 49 49 49 49 36
6 49 49 49 64 49 49 49 64 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
7 36 49 36 36 64 64 36 25 36 64 64 49 49 64 64
8 16 25 16 25 49 49 64 49 49 49 64 64 49 64 49
9 36 36 36 49 49 49 36 49 49 49 49 36 49 49 36
10 49 49 36 36 36 64 64 64 49 64 49 49 49 49 4
∑y 330 381 326 385 415 425 420 440 411 419 441 455 431 433 305
TSS = 6,017
120
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(Hedonic Rating Scale)
ODOR / AROMA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²
1 6 7 5 7 7 6 7 7 6 8 6 8 7 6 6 99 6.6 9,801
2 7 6 6 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 6 98 6
.53
9,604
3 5 5 5 5 7 7 6 7 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 83 5
.53
6,889
4 4 8 5 6 6 7 8 5 6 8 6 7 5 6 8 98 6
.53
9,604
5 7 6 7 7 6 6 7 7 6 7 7 6 7 7 5 98 6
.53
9,604
6 7 7 6 6 6 7 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 99 6.6 9,801
7 5 7 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 6 5 6 79 5
.27
6,241
8 7 7 7 6 5 5 6 6 5 5 6 6 6 7 6 90 6 8,100
9 7 8 8 8 9 9 8 8 6 7 7 8 6 5 5 109
7.27
11,881
10 7 5 5 8 6 5 5 8 7 7 7 8 8 5 6 97 6
.47
9,409
∑y 65 66 58 64 64 64 65 65 59 66 62 69 64 60 59 95
0
90,934
6.5 6.6 5.8 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 5.9 6.6 6.2 6.9 6.4 6.0 5.9
∑y² 4,22 4,35 3,36 4,09 4,09 4,09 4,22 4,22 3,48 4,35 3,84 4,76 4,09 3,60 3,48 60,302
121
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5 6 4 6 6 6 5 5 1 6 4 1 6 0 1
CF = 950 SSP = 90,934 SSS = 60,302
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 36 49 25 49 49 36 49 49 36 64 36 64 49 36 36
2 49 36 36 49 49 49 49 36 36 36 36 49 49 49 36
3 25 25 25 25 49 49 36 49 25 36 25 25 25 25 25
4 49 64 25 36 36 49 64 25 36 64 36 49 25 36 645 49 36 49 49 36 36 49 49 36 49 49 36 49 49 25
6 49 49 36 36 36 49 36 36 49 49 49 49 49 49 36
7 25 49 16 16 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 49 36 25 36
8 49 49 49 36 25 25 36 36 25 25 36 36 36 49 36
9 49 64 64 64 81 81 64 64 36 49 49 64 36 25 25
10 49 25 25 64 36 25 25 64 49 49 49 64 64 25 36
∑y 429 446 350 424 422 424 433 433 353 446 390 485 418 368 355
TSS = 6,176
122
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(Hedonic Rating Scale)
FIRMNESS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²
1 7 8 4 6 7 6 7 8 7 7 6 7 7 7 4 98 6
.53
9,604
2 7 7 7 6 6 7 7 7 7 6 7 6 6 7 6 99 6.6 9,801
3 4 5 5 3 7 7 8 7 7 7 8 8 7 5 7 95 6
.33
9,025
4 6 8 6 5 3 3 3 7 8 6 5 3 8 8 7 86 5
.73
7,396
5 7 6 6 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 10
2
6.8 10,404
6 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 10
2
6.8 10,404
7 4 7 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 2 5 3 1 1 51 3.4 2,601
8 6 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 93 6.2 8,649
9 8 7 6 7 7 8 8 7 6 5 7 4 5 4 5 94 6.27
8,836
10 5 4 6 4 7 6 6 6 7 7 8 7 6 8 5 90 6 8,100
∑y 61 64 54 54 61 60 61 66 66 62 64 61 63 60 53 91
0
84,820
6.1 6.4 5.4 5.4 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.6 6.6 6.2 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.0 5.3
∑y² 3,72
1
4,09
6
2,91
6
2,91
6
3,72
1
3,60
0
3,72
1
4,35
6
4,35
6
3,84
4
4,09
6
3,72
1
3,96
9
3,60
0
2,80
9
55,442
123
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CF = 910 SSP = 84,820 SSS = 55,442
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 49 64 16 36 49 36 49 64 49 49 36 49 49 49 16
2 49 49 49 36 36 49 49 49 49 36 49 36 36 49 36
3 16 25 25 9 49 49 64 49 49 49 64 64 49 25 49
4 36 64 36 25 9 9 9 49 64 36 25 9 64 64 495 49 36 36 49 49 49 36 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
6 49 49 36 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 25
7 16 49 16 16 16 9 16 16 9 9 4 25 9 1 1
8 36 25 36 25 36 36 36 36 49 49 49 49 49 36 36
9 64 49 36 49 64 64 49 49 36 25 49 16 25 16 25
10 25 16 16 16 36 36 36 36 49 49 64 49 36 64 25
∑y 389 426 302 310 391 386 393 446 452 400 438 395 415 402 311
TSS = 5,856
124
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(Hedonic Rating Scale)
GENERAL ACCCEPTABILITY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ∑x ∑x²
1 7 7 6 6 7 6 8 7 7 8 7 8 7 6 3 10
0
6
.67
10,000
2 7 4 4 7 6 6 7 7 7 6 6 7 7 7 6 94 6
.27
8,836
3 7 6 6 6 5 4 5 7 8 7 8 6 8 7 8 98 6
.53
9,604
4 6 5 6 6 5 7 8 6 5 7 3 6 7 8 6 91 6
.07
8,281
5 7 8 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 10
5
7 11,025
6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 10
3
6
.87
10,609
7 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 8 6 5 5 9 4 3 3 85 5
.67
7,225
8 5 7 4 6 5 5 5 7 7 7 7 6 7 8 7 93 6.2 8,6499 9 7 7 6 6 5 4 6 6 6 4 8 7 3 3 87 5.8 7,569
10 5 8 8 6 6 6 5 6 5 8 8 5 6 6 3 91 6
.07
8,281
∑y 67 66 60 63 60 58 61 68 65 68 62 69 67 62 51 94
7
90,079
6.7 6.6 6.0 6.3 6.0 5.8 6.1 6.8 6.5 6.8 6.2 6.9 6.7 6.2 5.1
∑y² 4,48 4,35 3,60 3,96 3,60 3,36 3,72 4,52 4,22 4,62 3,84 4,76 4,48 3,84 2,60 60,111
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9 6 0 9 0 4 1 4 5 4 4 1 9 4 1
CF = 947 SSP = 90,079 SSS = 60,111
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 49 49 36 36 49 36 64 64 49 64 49 49 49 36 9
2 49 16 16 49 36 36 49 49 49 36 36 49 49 49 36
3 49 36 36 36 25 16 25 36 64 49 64 49 64 49 64
4 36 25 36 36 25 49 64 36 25 49 9 36 49 64 365 49 64 36 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
6 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 25
7 49 49 36 36 36 25 25 81 36 25 25 64 16 9 9
8 25 49 16 36 25 25 25 36 49 49 49 49 49 64 49
9 81 49 49 36 36 25 16 64 36 36 16 36 49 9 9
10 25 64 64 36 36 36 25 25 25 64 64 36 36 36 9
∑y 461 450 374 399 366 346 391 489 431 470 410 466 459 414 295
TSS = 6,221
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APPENDIX E
(Qualitative Descriptive Analysis)
COLOR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T T²
1 8.7 3.8 11.4 8.1 12.1 2.9 9.0 4.5 6.3 5.3 9.4 13.5 6.7 12.6 5.8 120.1 14,424.0
2 4.6 7.1 7.7 5.6 11.4 8.0 9.4 10.2 5.4 7.3 6.7 12.0 8.0 7.8 7.9 119.1 14,184.8
3 10.3 13.0 7.8 8.9 8.3 6.0 9.2 5.3 6.4 10.0 8.0 12.7 5.9 14.0 9.7 135.5 18,360.3
4 9.9 10.2 4.6 7.1 7.7 5.6 11.4 8.0 9.4 10.9 5.4 7.3 6.7 12.0 8.7 124.9 15,600.0
5 7.8 9.1 8.7 13.0 6.9 11.4 6.4 5.6 11.6 8.9 10.4 5.3 10.0 6.1 7.2 128.4 16,486.66 6.8 11.2 5.4 12.4 8.3 11.8 6.0 12.0 9.7 14.2 7.4 12.7 9.1 8.3 13.1 148.4 22,022.6
7 9.5 7.8 8.4 3.7 4.8 5.3 7.7 10.1 6.4 4.1 6.8 3.1 12.4 13.7 9.1 112.9 12,746.4
8 12.2 10.4 8.1 10.7 8.5 12.7 11.2 4.6 12.7 9.1 13.0 9.7 3.9 6.4 6.7 139.9 19,572.0
9 10.6 7.6 3.7 4.3 2.9 11.1 5.7 6.1 7.4 6.7 13.4 7.1 14.0 5.1 12.1 117.8 13,876.8
10 5.4 3.8 9.1 7.1 4.3 6.4 5.9 10.3 11.1 6.1 7.8 3.0 4.9 5.0 7.5 97.7 9,545.3
T 85.8 84.0 74.9 80.9 75.2 81.2 81.9 76.7 86.4 82.6 88.3 86.4 81.6 91.0 87.8 1,244.
7
156,818.6
A 8.58 8.40 7.49 8.09 7.52 8.12 8.19 7.67 8.64 8.26 8.83 8.64 8.16 9.10 8.78
T² 7,361.
6
7,056.
0
5,610.
0
69,544.
8
5,655.
0
6593.
4
6,7.7.
6
5,882.
9
7,465.
0
6,822.
8
7,796.
9
7,465.
0
6,658.
6
8,281.
0
7,708.
8
103,609.4
CF = 1,244.7 SSP = 156,818.6 SSS = 103,609.4
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T
1 75.7 14.4 130.
0
65.6 146.
4
8.4 81.0 20.3 39.7 28.1 88.4 182.
3
44.9 158.
8
33.6 1,117.6
2 21.2 50.4 59.3 31.4 130.
0
64.0 88.4 104.
0
29.2 53.3 44.9 144.
0
64.0 60.8 62.4 1,007.3
3 106.
1
169.
0
60.8 79.2 68.9 36.0 84.6 28.1 41.0 100.
0
64.0 161.
3
34.8 196.
0
94.1 1,323.9
4 98.0 104.
0
21.2 50.4 59.3 31.4 130.
0
64.0 88.4 118.8 29.2 53.3 44.9 144.
0
75.7 1,112.6
5 60.8 82.8 75.7 169.
0
47.6 130.
0
41.0 31.4 134.
6
79.2 108.
2
28.1 100.
0
37.2 51.8 1,177.4
6 46.2 125.
4
29.2 153.
8
68.9 139.
2
36.0 144.
0
94.1 201.
6
54.8 161.
3
82.8 68.9 171.
6
1,577.8
7 90.3 60.8 70.6 13.7 23.0 28.1 59.3 102.
0
41.0 16.8 46.2 9.6 153.
8
187.
7
82.8 985.7
8 148.
8
108.
2
65.6 114.5 72.3 161.
3
125.
4
21.2 161.
3
82.8 169.
0
94.1 15.2
1
40.7 44.9 1,425.3
9 112.4 57.8 13.7 18.5 8.4 123.
2
32.5 37.2 54.8 44.9 179.
6
50.4 196.
0
26.0 146.
4
1,101.8
10 29.2 14.4 82.8 50.4 18.5 41.0 34.8 106.
1
123.
2
37.2 60.8 9.0 24.0 25.0 56.3 712.7
TSS = 11,542.1
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T
1 9.6 43.6 72.3 104.
0
16.0 70.6 60.8 28.1 74.0 130.
0
14.4 75.7 41.0 102.
0
9.6 851.4
2 43.6 15.2 18.5 14.4 20.3 21.2 32.5 70.6 20.1 46.2 156.
3
201.
6
65.6 64.0 16.0 806.1
3 75.7 81.0 51.8 32.5 37.2 49.0 27.0 57.8 24.0 134.
6
14.4 43.6 39.7 86.5 67.2 822.0
4 134.
6
127.
7
153.
8
72.3 75.7 41.0 88.4 169.
0
16.8 67.2 43.6 90.2 82.8 29.2 33.6 1,225.9
5 74.0 41.0 56.3 68.9 62.4 43.6 144.
0
166.
4
19.4 96.0 64.0 204.
5
198.
8
169.
0
123.
2
1,531.5
6 132.
3
27.0 34.8 114.5 60.8 92.2 53.3 74.0 18.5 153.
8
121.
0
136.
9
158.
8
82.8 42.3 1,303.0
7 12.3 163.
8
84.6 15.2 134.
6
198.
8
114.5 17.6 179.
6
60.8 50.4 37.2 29.2 34.8 24.0 1,157.4
8 102.
0
94.1 118.8 56.3 153.
8
82.8 42.3 47.6 70.6 29.2 75.7 24.0 132.
3
62.4 110.3 1,202.1
9 20.3 151.
3
161.
3
15.2 88.4 114.5 70.6 110.3 64.0 47.6 127.
7
16.8 60.8 50.4 121.
0
1,220.2
10 41.0 9.0 13.7 161. 130. 49.0 136. 46.2 56.3 62.4 29.2 34.8 23.0 18.5 94.1 905.4
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3 0 9
TSS = 11,025.0
(Qualitative Descriptive Analysis)
FIRMNESS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T T²
1 8.8 9.4 3.7 8.1 13.8 7.9 6.3 11.4 12.6 9.8 5.7 13.1 10.8 12.0 11.7 145.1 21,054.0
2 13.1 7.0 12.2 4.7 5.6 11.0 6.9 11.7 8.1 10.9 3.9 9.2 7.7 3.1 12.8 127.9 16,358.4
3 12.3 4.9 9.1 7.2 11.4 3.4 10.4 13.6 5.9 6.5 8.5 14.0 3.7 13.1 5.1 129.1 16,666.8
4 4.9 3.4 4.1 13.1 10.3 12.6 7.8 5.7 6.3 8.2 9.4 11.4 13.3 9.7 7.1 127.3 16,205.3
5 3.8 13.8 7.6 11.4 8.7 5.3 8.1 4.5 6.2 10.4 12.0 9.7 11.5 4.7 13.0 130.7 17,082.5
6 9.6 14.0 8.3 3.5 5.5 6.5 13.0 12.0 4.8 11.1 7.3 10.5 5.1 8.4 6.8 126.4 15,977.0
7 6.7 11.5 13.0 5.8 7.1 4.7 12.9 8.1 9.2 3.7 10.1 5.1 8.4 7.8 8.6 122.7 15,055.3
8 10.5 5.2 9.4 3.9 6.1 8.2 11.5 4.8 7.7 12.0 13.2 8.6 9.9 5.6 10.7 127.3 16,205.5
9 11.7 6.7 6.5 9.4 13.0 5.8 4.1 7.3 8.4 4.8 12.7 3.5 10.0 6.3 9.8 120.0 14,400.0
10 7.3 10.4 5.3 12.3 4.1 10.1 8.3 11.4 9.5 4.9 14.0 6.8 12.7 3.0 13.3 133.4 17,795.6
T 88.7 86.3 79.2 79.4 85.6 75.5 89.3 90.5 78.7 82.3 96.8 91.9 93.1 73.7 98.9 1,289.
9
166,800.2
A 8.87 8.63 7.92 7.94 8.56 7.55 8.93 9.05 7.87 8.23 9.68 9.19 9.31 7.37 9.89
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T² 7,867.
7
7,447.
7
6,272.
6
6,304.4 7,327.
4
5,700.
3
7,974.
5
8,190.
3
6,193.
7
6,773.
2
9,370.
2
8,445.
6
8,667.
6
5,431.
7
9,781.
2
111,748.2
CF = 1,289.9 SSP = 166,800.2 SSS = 111,748.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T
1 77.4 88.4 13.7 65.6 190.
4
62.4 39.7 130.
0
158.
8
96.0 32.5 171.
6
116.6 144.
0
136.
9
1,524.0
2 171.
6
49.0 148.
8
22.1 31.4 121.
0
47.6 136.
9
65.6 118.8 15.2 84.6 59.3 9.6 163.
8
1,245.3
3 151.
3
24.0 82.8 51.8 130.
0
11.6 108.
2
185.
0
34.8 42.3 72.3 196.
0
13.7 171.
6
26.0 1,301.4
4 24.0 11.6 16.8 171.
6
106.
1
158.
8
60.8 32.5 39.7 67.2 88.4 130.
0
176.
9
94.1 50.4 1,228.9
5 14.4 190.
4
57.8 130.
0
75.7 28.1 65.6 20.3 38.4 108.
2
144.
0
94.1 132.
3
22.1 169.
0
1,260.4
6 92.2 196.
0
68.9 12.3 30.3 42.3 169.
0
144.
0
23.0 123.
2
53.3 110.3 26.0 70.6 46.2 1,207.6
7 44.9 132.
3
169.
0
33.6 50.4 22.1 166.
4
65.6 84.6 13.7 102.
0
26.0 70.6 60.8 74.0 1,116.0
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8 110.3 27.0 88.4 15.2 37.2 67.2 132.
3
23.0 59.3 144.
0
174.
2
74.0 98.0 31.4 114.5 1,226.0
9 136.
9
44.9 42.3 88.4 169.
0
33.6 16.8 53.3 70.6 23.0 161.
3
12.3 100.
0
39.7 96.0 1,008.1
10 53.3 108.
2
28.1 151.
3
16.8 102.
0
68.9 130.
0
90.3 24.0 196.
0
46.2 161.
3
9.0 176.
9
1,362.3
TSS = 12,560.0
(Qualitative Descriptive Analysis)
ODOR / AROMA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T T²
1 7.8 8.6 5.3 6.4 5.7 8.9 7.4 11.5 7.6 10.3 9.5 12.0 5.1 4.7 4.3 115.1 13,248.0
2 6.5 7.7 4.8 7.5 6.1 7.2 8.3 10.7 8.1 11.0 8.9 3.5 6.6 5.3 4.3 106.5 11,342.3
3 12.5 8.3 6.0 6.7 5.9 7.8 7.9 11.3 7.5 10.5 9.0 11.9 6.3 5.2 4.9 121.7 14,810.9
4 7.4 7.8 8.7 8.0 8.3 11.2 6.4 3.7 11.5 5.5 5.0 6.7 10.5 12.3 9.2 122.2 14,932.8
5 8.0 7.5 12.0 10.7 9.0 6.2 11.1 6.8 9.7 4.3 4.0 5.0 12.0 12.7 11.8 130.8 17,108.6
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6 3.5 5.4 7.3 9.1 8.5 10.0 11.3 7.0 5.7 11.8 8.1 9.7 6.7 9.5 8.8 122.4 14,981.8
7 9.8 8.3 11.1 4.7 5.2 9.1 3.9 8.7 13.8 4.0 11.5 8.1 10.4 10.0 13.0 131.6 17,381.6
8 10.1 9.0 9.8 8.7 10.5 4.6 12.3 4.0 6.4 3.9 5.4 7.9 7.0 6.7 3.1 109.4 11,968.4
9 4.0 12.3 9.8 11.1 12.7 4.7 7.4 5.0 5.8 3.1 7.1 6.4 11.5 13.3 10.4 124.6 15,525.2
10 11.7 4.1 7.8 5.6 7.4 12.1 9.7 11.0 10.3 12.8 5.6 10.9 9.0 5.2 6.7 127.9 16,358.4
T 81.3 79.0 82.6 76.5 79.3 81.8 85.7 79.7 86.4 77.2 74.1 82.1 85.1 84.9 76.5 1,212.
2
147,658.0
A 8.13 7.90 8.26 7.56 7.93 8.18 8.57 7.97 8.64 7.72 7.41 8.21 8.51 8.49 7.65
T² 6,609.
7
6,241.
0
6,822.
8
5,852.3 6,288.
5
6,691.
2
7,344.
5
6,352.
1
7,465.
0
5,959.
8
5,490.
8
6,740.
4
7,242.
0
7,208.
0
5,852.
3
98,160.4
CF = 1,212.2 SSP = 147,658.0 SSS = 98,160.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T
1 60.8 74.0 28.1 41.0 32.5 79.2 54.8 132.
3
57.8 106.
1
90.3 144.
0
26.0 22.1 18.5 967.5
2 42.3 59.3 23.0 56.3 37.2 51.8 68.9 114.5 65.6 121.
0
79.2 12.3 43.6 28.1 18.5 821.6
3 156.3 68.9 36.0 44.9 34.8 60.8 62.4 127.
7
56.3 110.3 81.0 141.
6
39.7 27.0 24.0 1,071.7
4 54.8 60.8 75.7 64.0 68.9 125.
4
41.0 13.7 132.
3
30.3 25.0 44.9 110.3 151.
3
84.6 1,083.0
5 64.0 56.3 144. 114.5 81.0 38.4 123. 46.2 94.1 18.5 16.0 25.0 144. 161. 139. 1,235.8
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0 3 0 3 2
6 12.3 29.2 53.3 82.8 72.3 100.
0
127.
7
49.0 32.5 139.
2
65.6 94.1 44.9 90.3 77.4 1,070.6
7 96.0 68.9 123.
2
22.1 27.0 82.8 15.2 75.7 190.
4
16.0 132.
3
65.6 108.
2
100.
0
169.
0
1,292.4
8 102.0 81.0 96.0 75.7 110.3 21.2 151.
3
16.0 41.0 15.2 29.2 62.4 49.0 44.9 9.6 904.8
9 16.0 151.
3
96.0 123.
2
161.
3
22.1 54.8 25.0 33.6 9.6 50.4 41.0 132.
3
176.
9
108.
2
1,201.7
10 136.9 16.8 60.8 13.0 54.8 146.
4
94.1 121.
0
106.
1
163.
8
31.4 118.8 81.0 127.
0
44.9 1,216.8
TSS = 10,865.9
(Qualitative Descriptive Analysis)
TENDERNESS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T T²
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1 3.8 9.1 10.2 12.2 6.8 7.0 12.5 8.5 7.9 11.4 8.4 10.6 12.7 8.1 8.0 137.2 18,823.8
2 8.1 10.4 4.9 4.6 10.0 8.8 7.1 8.0 8.5 12.0 7.2 4.9 9.4 11.2 6.3 121.4 14,738.0
3 9.9 13.0 8.7 6.9 6.4 11.8 5.6 7.4 11.6 6.8 8.9 10.4 4.3 5.3 6.0 123.0 15,129.0
4 10.3 6.1 5.2 11.2 8.4 13.2 8.5 7.6 9.6 3.8 6.4 12.0 10.5 7.0 9.2 129.0 16,641.0
5 7.8 6.0 9.0 8.8 8.9 6.4 5.3 9.2 8.0 10.4 12.7 5.7 5.0 8.3 4.8 116.3 13,525.7
6 4.6 7.7 5.6 7.1 11.4 6.7 12.0 8.0 5.4 10.2 8.0 9.4 7.3 7.5 7.8 118.7 14,089.77 5.4 12.4 6.0 8.3 6.8 7.4 5.7 7.0 6.4 4.9 3.7 3.0 6.7 10.0 12.2 105.9 11,214.8
8 6.9 6.3 4.3 13.9 5.1 3.8 3.1 5.9 7.4 6.0 5.5 7.1 4.7 7.7 11.8 99.5 9,900.3
9 10.6 5.5 10.2 5.6 4.9 8.1 10.4 11.0 7.6 6.4 8.5 4.0 8.9 4.2 7.3 113.2 12,814.2
10 9.5 8.4 12.0 7.8 10.3 8.8 9.3 6.4 11.2 12.6 7.1 9.0 8.7 10.6 14.0 145.7 21,228.5
T 76.9 84.9 76.1 86.4 79.0 82.0 79.5 79.0 83.6 84.5 76.4 76.1 78.2 79.9 87.4 1,209.
9
148,105.0
A 7.69 8.49 7.61 8.64 7.90 8.20 7.95 7.90 8.36 8.45 7.64 7.61 7.82 7.99 8.74
T² 5,913.
6
7,208.
0
5,791.
2
7,465.0 6,241.
0
6,724.
0
6,320.
3
6,241.
0
6,989.
0
7,140.
3
5,837.
0
5,791.
2
6,115.2 6,384.
0
7,638.
8
97,799.6
CF = 1,209.9 SSP = 148,105.0 SSS = 97,799.6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 T
1 14.4 82.8 104.
0
148.
8
46.2 49.0 156.
3
72.3 62.4 130.
0
70.6 112.4 161.
3
65.6 64.0 1,340.1
2 65.6 108.
2
24.0 21.2 100.
0
77.4 50.4 64.0 72.3 144.
0
51.8 24.0 88.4 125.
4
39.7 1,056.4
136
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3 98.0 169.
0
75.7 47.1 41.0 139.
2
31.4 54.8 134.
6
46.2 79.2 108.
2
18.5 28.1 36.0 1,077.0
4 106.
1
37.2 27.0 125.
4
70.6 174.
2
72.3 57.8 92.2 14.4 41.0 144.
0
110.3 49.0 84.6 1,206.1
5 60.8 36.0 81.0 77.4 79.2 41.0 28.1 84.6 64.0 108.
2
161.
3
32.5 25.0 68.9 23.0 971.0
6 21.2 59.3 31.4 50.4 130.
0
44.9 144.
0
64.0 29.2 104.
0
64.0 88.4 53.3 56.3 60.8 1,001.2
7 29.2 153.
8
36.0 68.9 46.2 54.8 32.5 49.0 41.0 24.0 13.7 9.0 44.9 100.
0
148.
8
794.8
8 47.6 39.7 18.5 193.
2
26.0 14.4 9.6 34.8 54.8 36.0 30.3 50.4 22.1 59.3 139.
2
775.9
9 112.4 30.3 104.
0
31.4 24.0 65.6 108.
2
121.
0
57.8 41.0 33.6 16.0 79.2 17.6 53.3 895.4
10 90.3 70.6 144.
0
60.8 106.
1
77.4 86.5 41.0 125.
4
158.
8
50.4 81.0 75.7 112.4 196.
0
1,476.4
TSS = 12,070.7
137
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