building materials & construction part 2
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8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
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8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
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Eikn hintt
Fngsendspco `q }kspaghfkicg hintt kgk n tspendc ke fkicg agngo niikxagh a kk dkki tikxiq' _bcpctsiagh ein) }npniici tspendct fagafazc
oatkpakg ngo ciafagnc bc gcco ekphpagoagh ngo }kiatbagh' Eikn hintt at bctsddcttkp k }inc hintt ngo nddksgt ekp
bc fnjkpaq ke ein&hintt }pkosdakg'
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Tbcc
En`padnco `q opnxagh bc fkicghintt epkf n espgndc opnxg hintt!) kp `qekpfagh n dqiagocp) oauaoagh a icghbxatc)ngo eincgagh a dqiagocp hintt!' _bc eapc
}kiatbco tspendct npc gk }cpecdiq}npniici) pctsiagh ag tkfc oatkpakg keuatakg' _k fagafazc bat oatkpakg) hintt
tbksio `c hinzco xa bc xnuc oatkpakgpsggagh bkpazkgniiq'
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Hintt xab gk oatkpakgt
n' Tbcc Hintt`' Eikn Hinttd' _cf}cpco Hintto' ]inc Hintt
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_cf}cpco Nggcnico hintt bn atpcbcnco k jst `cikx bc tkecgagh}kag ngo bcg pn}aoiq dkkico k agosddkf}pcttauc tpcttct ag bc agcpakp'_cf}cpco hintt bnt bpcc k eauc afctbc pctatngdc ke nggcnico hintt kaf}nd ngo bcpfni tpcttct `s dnggk
`c nicpco necp en`padnakg' Xbcgepndspco) a `pcnlt agk pcinauciqbnpfictt }c``ic&tazco }npadict'
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Nggcnico hintt at dkkico tikxiq kpciacuc agcpgni tpcttct
Bcn&tpcghb hintt at nggcnicohintt bn at }npaniiq cf}cpco `q n}pkdctt ke pcbcnagh ngo tsoocg
dkkiagh' Bcn&tpcghbcgco hintt bntn`ks xadc bc tpcghb ke nggcnicohintt ke bc tnfc badlgctt'
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]inc hintt ekpfco `q pkiiaghfkicg hintt agk n }inc bn atts`tc~scgiq hpksgo ngo }kiatbco
necp dkkiagh' ]inc hintt }pkuaoctuapsniiq dicnp) sgoatkpco uatakg'
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Xbn bn}}cgt xbcg tkfckgc pact k`pcnl n Infagnco hintt;
n' A xaii `pcnl agk tfniicp bnpfictt}npadict
`' A xaii `pcnl `s xaii gk t}iagcp ndpktt
bc pkkfd' A xaii gk `pcnlo' A xaii `pcnl agk inphc }acdct
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_q}c ke Hintt stco ekp oat}inq xagokxt
n' Dicnp Hintt`' _agco Hinttd' _cf}cpco Hintto' Ikx&c Hintt
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Xbn q}c ke hintt tbksio `c stco nt
n eikkpagh fncpani n bc tcdkgoeikkp ae bc kxgcp t}cdaeadniiqagtpsdco bc npdbacd bn bc
xngt n dicnp uacx ke bc hpksgoeikkp
n' _cf}cpco Hintt`' Dicnp Hinttd' Hintt @ikdlto' Infagnco Tnecq Hintt
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Gkc: Xc gkadco bn fngq tsocgt "gkx
gcx npdbacdt! ngtxcpco hintt`ikdlt' Xc okg lgkx bkx bc]P@kN ngtxcpco bat `s bc dkppcdngtxcp at dniico InfagncoTpsdspni Hintt ag bcdkgtpsdakg ngo at bc tnfc kgc`cagh cf}ikqco ag tcucpni bahb&patc
uacxagh }inekpft ialc bc kgct agbc Tcnpt _kxcp Tlq Ocdl' NibkshbHintt @ikdlt dng `c stco kk) a xaii
gk hauc n dicnp uacx ke bc hpksgo
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_q}c ke Hintt xbcpcag qks dng tcc bc}ck}ic agtaoc bc `saioagh ospaghgahb afc
n' _agco Hintt`' Pceicdco Hintt
d' _cf}cpco Hintto' Agtsinco Hintt
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Tsoq agco hintt) at stct cd'
Xbn q}c ke hintt bnt bc xnuact endc;
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Xbcg fsia}ic hintt}ngcit kp iact npcnttcf`ico agk sgat)bcq npc dkffkgiqpcecppco k nt agtsincohintt) oks`ic hinzagh)Oks`ic Hinzco Sgat
"SL ngo Cspk}c! kpagtsinagh Hintt Sgat"AHS! "Gkpb Nfcpadnngo Nstpnian!'
Xbn at Agtsinco Hintt;
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_bctc sgat stc bc bcpfni ngo
ndkstad agtsinagh }pk}cpact ke nhnt "kp undssf! dkgnagco ag bct}ndc ekpfco `q bc sga' _bcq dng}pkuaoc hkko agtsinakg xabkstndpaeadagh pngt}npcgdq "uatsnipngtfangdc) U_!' Taghic hinzcoagco ngo pceicdauc hinttct dng
}pkuaoc tafainp bcpfni agtsinakg)`s ekp bc tnfc agtsinakg}cpekpfngdc npc bnpocp k tcc
bpkshb ngo }pkuaoc iaic }pkcdakg
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Fkt AHSt npc oks`ic hinzco) `sAHSt xab bpcc tbcct kp fkpc) a'c'pa}ic hinzagh npc `cdkfagh fkpcdkffkg osc k bahbcp cgcphq dktt'Agtsinco hinzagh fnq `c epnfco ag ntntb) epnfc kp ag n dspnag xnii'
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Ekp `ccp Cgcphq dkgtcpunakg)xbadb fncpani at GK_ nouatn`ic ekpstc n bc Tksb }np ke n }pkjcd;
n' Bcnuq _agco Hintt ngo badldkgdpcc xnii
`' _pngt}npcg Hintt ngo Iahb Fcni
]ngcitd' _pngtisdcg Hintt ngo Iahb Fcni
]ngcit
o' Gkgc ke bc n`kuc
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N bahb cgo pctaocgani at nojndcg k n`stq ngo bcnuq pneead fnag pkno'@cdnstc ke bc gsatngdc ke ucbadict)bc s}}cp eikkpt npc neecdco' Xbn
tbksio `c okgc k fagafazc bcgkatc ae }padc xksio `c n }pk`icf;
n' Oks`ic hinzagh xagokx`' Bcnuq opn}ctd' Ndkstadni }ngci `knpot
o' Chh dpnct kg xnii
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Ae qks npc agtaoc n tpsdspc stagh
Pceicdauc Hintt) qks dng tcc`saioaght ag epkg ke qks ag bcfkpgagh' N gahb) xbcg qks npc
agtaoc) qks tcc [[[[[[['
n' Dnpt`' Qksptcied' _pccto' @apot
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N q}c ke hintt stco ekp tlqiahbt
n' Infagnco Hintt`' Dkpg Hinttd' Xapco Hintto' Ikx&c Hintt
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N q}c ke hintt stco ekp tlqiahbt
n' _cf}cpco`' Xapco
d' Eikno' Cdbco
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N q}c ke hintt bn at pngtisdcg ag bc
fkpgagh `s ialc n fappkp n gahbxbcg uacxco epkf bc agtaoc ke n`saioagh
n' Eikn Hintt`' Dicnp Hinttd' Pceicdauc Hintto' _agco Hintt
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N q}c ke hintt stco ekp Eapc Cra
n' Xapco Hintt`' Eikn Hintt
d' Infagnco Hintto' _cf}cpco Hintt
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Xbn xagokx at bnpo k pcndb;
n' Dicpctkpq`' Dntcfcgd' Nxgagho' Jnikstac
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Xbn q}c ke hintt at ost&epcc;
n' Eikn`' Hintt @ikdld' Jnikstaco' Infagnc
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Xbn q}c ke hintt at aocni ekp Tlqiahbt;
n' _cf}cpco Hintt`' Eikn Hinttd' Infagnco Hintto' Xapco Hintt
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Xbn xksio `c bc }pafc dkgtaocpnakg ekpbc agtniinakg ke Hintt @ikdlt;
A at bc octapco q}c ke xagokx ekp bahbpatc `saioagh'
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Xbn xagokx at cntact k dicng;
n' Nxgagh
`' Dntcfcgd' Tiaoagho' Iksucpt
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Xbadb xagokx q}c at bc cntact kdicng;
n' Dntcfcg`' Nxgaghd' Tiaoagh
o' Iksucpt
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N pcinauciq gcx fncpani ag bcfnplc konq xbadb at ngcf`koafcg ke bc oadsf bc fkpc`cnsaesi) bc fkpc cr}cgtauc'
n' @pstbco }kxocp&dknco nisfagsfxagokx epnfct
`' ]UD xagokx epnfct }nagco k ikklialc xkko
d' Hpngac aict
o' ]cpekpnco ndkstad }ngci `knpo
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Xbn q}c ke xagokx okct gk pc~sapcxcnbcp}pkke tcning;
n' Iksucp`' Nxgaghd' Tiaoagh
o' Dntcfcg
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Xbn q}c ke xagokx at dkffkgiq stco agdkgokfagasft) xbcpc tnecq ngo
xncp}pkkeagh npc fnag dkgdcpgt;
n' _ai&ngo&spg`' Nxgagh
d' Dntcfcgo' Tiaoagh
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Tc}t ag xagokx dkgtpsdakg+agtniinakg
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Ag bc agtniinakg ke ngkoazcoxagokxt) xbn tbksio qks ok eapt;
n' Nndb eapt bc xagokx epnfct bcg
eagatb bc taoct`' Eagatb bc k}cgagh bcg agtnii bc
epnfct
d'o'
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Xbcpc ok xc stc n hkgokin;A at n tst}cgoco nddctt c~sa}fcgstsniiq stco ag dicngagh
xagokxt+dspnag xniit ke bahb&patc`saioagh'
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Xbn at }pkuaoco `cxccg hinzcoxagokxt;
n' Nap`' Taiadkgd' Tdpccgo' T}ndcp
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Xbn xagokx at stco ag _%@ ct}cdaniiq ntbkxcp;
n' Dntcfcg`' Nxgaghd' Xnii Bsgh
o' Tiaoagh
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_bat q}c ke xagokx }pkuaoct bc `ctgnspni ucgainakg'
n' Nxgagh`' Dntcfcgd' Jnikstac
o' Tiaoagh
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Xbn at bc fnag pcntkg xbq jnikstac atxaociq nddc}co `q bc hcgcpni}s`iad;
n' Dkt`' >==# Ucgainakgd' Cntq k agtniio' Nctbcadt
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Xbadb xagokx xksio tccfaghiq `cdbcn}cp `cdnstc ke at kpoagnpqbaghct;
n' Nisfagsf Nxgagh`' Nisfagsf Tiaoaghd' Xkko Dntcfcgo' Jnikstac
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Xagokx dkffkgiq stco ag bkt}anit
n' Nxgagh`' Tcci Dntcfcgd' Jnikstaco' Tiaoagh
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Xbn q}c ke xagokx at GK_
pcdkffcgoco k `c stco ag ng npcnxbcpc bc k}cgagh ke bc xagokx atag n bniixnq;
n' Dntcfcg Xagokx`' Tiaoagh Xagokxd' ]adspc Xagokx
o' Iksucp Xagokx
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Xbq npc S]UD Xagokx Epnfctpcdkffcgoco k `c dkikpco xbac;
n' _k oataghsatb epkf Nisfagsf
`' Cr}cgtauc xbcg stagh ngkbcp dkikpd' Xaii enoc sgocp dkgtng Tsg
cr}ktspc
o' Gk n}}cniagh ag ngkbcp dkikp
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Ag pk}adni dksgpact) xbn at bc `ct
q}c ke xagokx bn niikxt fnrafsfnapeikx;
n' Tiaoagh`' Dntcfcgd' Nxgagho' Iksucpco
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Xagokxt bn okct gk pc~sapceagatbagh `cekpc agtniinakg
n' Dntcfcg
`' Iksucpd' Tiaoagho' Iksucpco
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Xbq at bc epnfc ke n tiaoagh xagokxiafaco k >'5f;
n' Epnfc xaii `cgo
`' Ekp nctbcad dkgtaocpnakgd' Hintt xaii pcnlo' _k niikx t}ndc
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Xbn at bc }pk}cp fcbko keagtniiagh n tcci xagokx epnfc;
n' Eagatb bc xagokx k}cgagh eapt
`cekpc agtniiagh bc epnfc`' Agtnii bc epnfc `cekpc eagatbagh bc
xagokx k}cgagh
d' Cabcp xnq at hkko) oc}cgot kg bcagtniicp
o' A okctg fncp
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48/90
Xbn q}c ke xagokx at GK_
pcdkffcgoco ekp bahb patc`saioaght;
n' Bk}}cp`' ]aukcod' Dntcfcgo' Nxgagh
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Xbn at bc fkt ceecdauc
fcdbngatf ekp n xagokx ag tkpfqxcnbcp;
n' Bkic ngo ]ch`' Fnhgcad Dndbd' Bkkl ngo Cqco' Epadakgni Pctatngdc
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A at }indco kg kgc icne ke n oks`ic&icneco okkp k }pcucg tfklc) cd'epkf }cgcpnagh
n' Ntpnhni`' Fkiospnd' Dkpgadc
o' Tkicpnt
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Xbn q}c ke Okkp at `ct ekpFnagcgngdc;
n' ]ngci
`' Bkiikx Dkpcd' Epcgdb Okkpo' Tiaoagh
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Xbn q}c ke Okkp at stco ekp Eapc
Crat; Eapc ]pkke Okkp xab ]ngad@np
A at n fksioagh+tpa} stco nt nTk}}cp `cxccg 0 okkpt
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Ng aiistpnakg ke n Okkp Txagh xnt
tbkxg' Ngniqzc'
Xbn at Lninfcag Okkp;
Oaeecpcg q}ct ke okkpt
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Xbadb dksio `c stco ekp okkpt;
n' Hq}tsf`' Eadcf
d' ]iqxkkoo' ]intcp
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Okkp Jnf` & at bc ucpadni }kpakg kebc epnfc kgk xbadb n okkp at tcdspco'_bc jnf` `cnpt bc xcahb ke bc okkpbpkshb at baghct) ngo fkt q}ct ke
okkp indbct ngo ocno`kit crcgo agkn pcdctt ag bc okkpjnf` xbcgcghnhco) fnlagh bc "psc" icuciagh!
ngo tpcghb ke bc okkpjnf`t uaniiqaf}kpng k bc kucpnii k}cpnakgniospn`aiaq ngo tcdspaq ke bc okkp'
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OkkpJn
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Okkp Diktcp & at n fcdbngadni ocuadcbn diktct n okkp) ag hcgcpni necptkfckgc k}cgt a) kp necp a xntnskfnadniiq k}cgco' Dbkktagh n okkpdiktcp dng agukiuc bc dkgtaocpnakg ke
n unpacq ke dpacpan' Ag nooaakg k bcdiktcp(t }cpekpfngdc ag eapc tasnakgt)kbcp dpacpan fnq agdisoc pctatngdc k
k}cgagh ekpdct ekp stc `q oatn`ico kpageapf! nt xcii nt bcnib) tnecq)ospn`aiaq) patl ke ungoniatf+iahnspc ngo
nctbcadt'
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OkkpDikt
cp
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Ae ng Npdbacd xngt n okkp k ikkl
ialc }np ke bc xkko }ngciagh kg bcxniit) xbn q}c ke baghc tbksio `ct}cdaeaco;
n' Aguata`ic Baghc`' ]angk Baghcd' ]auk Baghc
o' Baghc Jkag
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Xbn q}c ke okkp hauct bc fkt
nfksg ke k}cgagh; "Tiaoagh xabtaoc xnii }kdlct!
Xbn tbksio qks ok xbcg bc okkpjnf` at kk inphc ekp bc okkp;
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N `sai&s} epnfc ke bahb ~sniaq
dkgtpsdakg xnt agtniico ekp n okkpepnfc' S}kg agtniinakg) a xntgkadco bn bcpc at n hn} ke n`ks
>=ff' Bkx xksio qks pcfcoq bat;
n' Fkuc bc epnfc `q pcdkgtpsdakg kebc k}cgagh
`' Noo n tsan`ic tazco }inc kg bc hn}nndbco k kgc epnfc
d' Stc ng ntpnhni
o' Nii ke bctc
xkk cg xk& cn c ksucpc kkp tk `c agtniico ag bc okkpxnq ke n
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k `c agtniico ag bc okkpxnq ke nsaiaq pkkf' Bkxcucp) xbcg bc okkptxcpc fcntspco a spgco ks bn bcokkpxnq xnt `ahhcp ngo bn bcicnuct xksio gk fcc ag bc faooic'_bcpc at n }pk`icf ag agtniiagh bc
ikdl) `s bc xkplfngtba} ke bc okkpxnt n`kuc tngonpo' Xbn at bc `ct}ktta`ic tkisakg ekp bat;
n' Agtnii n tkiao xkko tpa} kg bc okkpepnfct c~sni k bc hn}
`' Agtnii ng ntpnhni
d' Nojst bc jnf`t
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N q}c ke Okkp lgk` dkffkgiq stco
ag Bkci pkkft bn dng `cikdlco+sgikdlco kg cabcp taoc'Dbkktc epkf bc haucg aiistpnakgt'
Xbn ok qks dnii bc `cnf kg k} kebc okkp;
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^sctakgt n`ks Ikdlt) Lcqt) Lgk`t
ngo Ocno`kit stagh aiistpnakgtngo oaeecpcg tasnakgt'
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Xbn at n Osdb Okkp;
N okkp oauaoco bkpazkgniiq ag tsdb nentbakg bn bc `kkf bnie fnq pcfnagtbs xbaic bc k} bnie k}cgt' _bc agaani
}sp}ktc ke bat okkp xnt k lcc}ngafnit ks ke enpfbkstct) xbaicniikxagh iahb ngo nap k eaicp bpkshb bc
k}cg k}' Incp fkoaeadnakgt agdisocookkpt xbcpc `kb bniuct dng `c diktcokp k}cgco khcbcp'
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OsdbOkk
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A at bc bkpazkgni oatngdc epkf bc
endc ke n ikdl kp indb k bc dcgcpke bc lcqbkic) lgk` kp `ikdldqiagocp'
n' Agtc`' @ndltcd' Kgtc
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A at eksgo n`kuc okkpt ngo xagokxt
n' Hpnoc @cnf`' Iagci @cnf
d' Jnf` @cnfo' Xagokx @cnf
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Dpa}}ic Tso N
q}c ke tso bn atstco n`kuc n okkpkp n`kuc kp`cgcnb n xagokx'_bcq npcg ucpqoaeecpcg epkf kbcptsot crdc} bn
bcq npc dstbkpcp tk bcpc atpkkf ekp bc
k}cgagh'
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A at n Baghc stco ekp Epnfcictt
Hintt Okkpt
N q}c ke baghc xab pcfkun`ic }ag
Noungnhc ke ng Nisfagsf Okkpkucp n Xkkocg Okkp
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_spgtaic & nitk dniico n `neeic hnc) at n
ekpf ke hnc xbadb niikxt kgc }cptkg k }nttn n afc' A dng nitk `c fnoc tk nt kcgekpdc kgc&xnq pneead ke }ck}ic) ngo agnooaakg) a dng pctpad }nttnhc kgiq k
}ck}ic xbk agtcp n dkag) n adlc) n }ntt) kptafainp' _bst n spgtaic dng `c stco ag bcdntc ke }nao nddctt tkfcafct dniico n enpchnc xbcg stco ekp bat }sp}ktc!) ekp
crnf}ic }s`iad pngt}kp nt n adlc `nppacp kpn }nq kaic) kp k pctpad nddctt k nsbkpazco}ck}ic) ekp crnf}ic ag bc ik``q ke ng keeadc`saioagh'
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_spgtai
c
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Xbadb at GK_ }np ke n ikdltc;
n' Lgk``' Ctdsdbckg
d' Tpalagh ]inco' Bnt}
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@nppci @ki & N
pko&tbn}co `kiekp entcgagh nokkp kp bc ialc)
nndbco k kgctaoc ke bc okkpn bc cohc ngo
tiaoagh agk ntkdlc kg bcepnfc ke bck}cgagh'
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]npt ke n Ikdl
Tc
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Xbn at GK_ n }np ke n tiaoagh okkp;
n' Pkiicp`' Fkpatc Baghc
d' Bnghcpo' Jnf`
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8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
77/90
Xbn at nooco k bc jnf` ke n okkp
k niikx a k txagh KGC oapcdakgkgiq;
A at ng Kpgnfcgni kp ]pkcdauc]inc npksgo Lcqbkic
-
8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
78/90
Xbcpc ok qks }indc n okkp tk}}cp
k }pcucg bc okkp epkf baagh bcxnii;
n' Okkp Jnf``' Eikkpd' Xniio' ]ngci
-
8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
79/90
Xbn ok qks dnii n okkp tk}}cp;
n' Fsgag`' Fsiiakg
d' Ntpnhnio' Undanon
-
8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
80/90
Xbn okkp at stco ag bkt}ani
k}cpnagh pkkft;
n' Oks`ic okkp) oks`ic txagh
`' Oks`ic okkp) taghic txaghd' Taghic okkp) ks txagho' Taghic okkp) ag txagh
-
8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
81/90
Aocgaeq bc eahspc
n' Ekioagh Okkp`' ]ntt&`q Okkp
d' ]ngci Okkpo' Nddkpoakg Okkp
-
8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
82/90
Xbcg n tkiao xkkocg okkp at
agtniico xbcpc bc crcpakp taoc atdkio ngo bc agcpakp taoccf}cpnspc oaeecpcg) xbn xnt bc}pafc dkgtaocpnakg;
n' Tpcghb`' Oafcgtakgni Tn`aiaq
d' _bcpfni Agtsinakgo' Bcn N`tkp`cg
-
8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
83/90
Xcnbcptpa}
at stco k }pcucg napicnlnhc n bc }nptke ng k}cpn`ic
xagokx bn fkuc'
-
8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
84/90
Xbn ok qks stc xbcg bcpct n
oaeecpcgdc ag bc pkkf cicunakg ngobc dkppaokp;
n' _bpctbkio`' Xcnbcptpa}d' Hn}
o' @npkfccp
-
8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
85/90
Xbn at stco `cxccg 0 oaeecpcg
fncpanit n bc okkp cgpq;
n' _bpctbkio
`' Xcnbcptba}d' Hn}o' Tc}
-
8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
86/90
Haucg n tc ke okkp aiistpnakgt)
xbadb q}c okct gk gcco baghct;
n' Nddkpoakg Okkp
`' Txagh Okkpd' Tiaoagh Okkpo' @a&ekio Okkp
-
8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
87/90
N q}c ke `ki xbadb dng `c nddcttco
n kgc taoc kgiq'
n' Ocno @ki
`' Eistb @kid' @nppci @kio' Ikdltc
-
8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
88/90
Xbadb at GK_ n Bnpoxnpc bn
ts}}kpt n okkp;
n' ]auk Baghc
`' Jnf`d' Eikkp Einghco' Ikdltc
-
8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
89/90
Xbn at stco ag n Bkt}ani Okkp;
n' Hpnuaq Baghc`' Oks`ic Ndakg Baghc
d' Ucpadni T}pagh Baghco' ]auk Baghc
-
8/2/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 2
90/90
Ag n bcnuq fcni }ngci okkp) xbn at
bc fkt n}}pk}panc k stc tk bnbc okkp xaii nskfnadniiq diktcxabks }stbagh kp }siiagh;
n' Hpnuaq Baghc`' Okkp Diktcp
d' Lcq K}cpnco Ikdlo' Nskfnco Okkp Dkgpkiicp
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