building construction & brick masonry

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CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING & GRAPHICS CH (1+2)

Dr. Mohsin Siddique

Asst. Prof.

Deptt. Of Civil Engineering

FAST-NU

Lecture 2: Building Construction- Brick Masonry

28/08/2012

BRICK MASONRYBASICS

• Masonry

• The art of construction in brick or stone in known as masonry.

• Brick Masonry

• It is built with brick and mortar

• Stone Masonry

• It is built with stone and mortar

Note: Mortar is binding material and can be mud mortar, lime mortar or cement mortar

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BRICK MASONRYBASICS

• Brick

• The standard size of Brick

(including mortar thickness) is

LxWxH= 9”x4.5”x3” in FPS

LxWxH= 23cmx12cmx8cm in SI

L

H

W

Arrises

• Arrises: The edges formed by intersection of plan surface of a brick are know as arrises.

• Header: The width side of brick is termed as header.

• Stretcher: The length side of brick is termed as stretcher.

• Frog: The depression provided in the face of a brick during its manufacturing is called frog. It served two purposes

• 1. Interlocking of bricks and

• 2. Trade marking of company/manufacturer

BRICK MASONRYBASICS

• Brick

Half or square Bat Queen closure King closure

H

W

L

H

W/2

W/2

L/2

W/2

L

L

H

W

Arrises

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BRICK MASONRYBASICS

• Bat: The portions made by cutting a brick across the width is called as bat.

• E.g., ¼ bat, ½ bat & ¾ bat

• Closure: The portions made by cutting standard brick across their length is called a closure.

• Queen Closure: The portion of standard brick made by cutting the length into halves.

• King Closure: The portion of standard brick made by cutting off the triangular piece between the center of one header face and center of one stretcher face is called a king closure.

• Bevelled bat• Split• Bevelled closure

BRICK MASONRYBASICS

• Bricks on Bed

• The position of a brick when laid with its frog in upward in the horizontal plane

• Bricks on side

• The position of a brick when laid on it stretcher face with frog in the vertical plane

• Bricks on end

• The position of a brick when laid on it header face with frog in the vertical plane

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BRICK MASONRYBASICS

• Brick work

The art of laying bricks and embedding them in mortar to form a homogenous mass is called brick work.

BRICK MASONRYBASICS

• Course: Each horizontal layer of bricks laid in horizontal direction in any brickwork is called a course.

• Stretcher course: A brick when laid in brickwork with its side surface or length in elevation is called a stretcher and a course in which all the bricks are laid as stretcher is called a stretcher course.

• Header course: A brick when laid in brick work with its end surface or width in elevation is called a header and a course in which all bricks are laid as header is known as header course.

Stretcher Course

Header Course

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BRICK MASONRYBASICS

• Quoins: The external corners of the wall are called quoins.

• Bed Joints: The horizontal mortar joints between any two consecutive courses of brickwork are known as bed joints.

• Perpends: The vertical joints on the face of wall are called perpends.

• Cross Joints: The joints other than bed joints normal to face of wall are called cross joints.

BRICK MASONRYBASICS

• Facing: The exposed or external surface in a wall is called face and material forming the face is known as facing.

• Backing: The unexposed or internal surface of a wall is called back and material forming the back is called backing.

• Hearting: The interior portion between the facing and backing is called hearting.

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BRICK MASONRYBONDS

• Bonds

• The systematic arrangement of bricks so as to avoid continuity of vertical joints in any two adjacent courses both on the face and inside of masonry structure is called bond

• Necessity of providing bonds

• 1. To break continuity of the vertical joints

• 2. To ensure longitudinal and vertical strength

• 3. to enable the structure to act as a bounded mass and to distribute load uniformly to its foundations

• 4. to provide pleasing appearance

• 5. to do masonry work quickly by engaging more mason on the job at the same time

BRICK MASONRYBRICK BONDING

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BRICK MASONRYBRICK BONDING

• Header Bond

• Stretcher Bond

• English Bond

• Flemish Bond

• etc etc

BRICK MASONRYBRICK BONDING

• Stretcher bond• This type of construction is useful for the construction half brick thick partition wall.

1/2 brick thick wall

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BRICK MASONRYBRICK BONDING

• Header bond• This type of bond is useful for the construction of one brick thick walls.

1 brick thick wall

BRICK MASONRYBRICK BONDING

• English bond• This is considered to be the strongest bond. Hence it is commonly used bond for the walls of all thicknesses.

1 brick thick wall

1-1/2 brick thick wall

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BRICK MASONRYBRICK BONDING

• Flemish Bond• It can be classified into

▫ Single Flemish bond

▫ Double Flemish bond

Alternative courses of double Flemish bond1 brick thick wall

BRICK MASONRYBRICK BONDING

• Flemish Bond

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BRICK MASONRYMASON TOOLS

IN CLASS ASSIGNMENT

• Make sketches of plans and elevations of

▫ Stretcher bond

▫ Header bond

▫ English bond

▫ Flemish bond

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DRAWING SHEET:1

• Plot elevation and plans of odd and even courses of

▫ Stretcher bond

▫ Header bond

▫ English bond

▫ Flemish bond

• Also plot

▫ Brick

▫ ½ Bat

▫ Queen closure

▫ King closure

ASSIGNMENT 1

• Visit Civil Engineering Block

• Learn about the brick work and make schematic diagram of brick bond used.

• Enquire about the local names of brickwork and various tools used during the brick work.

• Report should not be more than two pages

• Deadline: 11/09/2012

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THANK YOU

• Question….

• Comments…

• Suggestions…

• Feel free to contact

mohsin.siddique@nu.edu.pk