brick masonry fall 09
TRANSCRIPT
Definitions & HistoryMortarBrick MasonryConcrete MasonryStone Masonry
Brick Masonary That’s Masonry not Masonary….dummy!
University of Virginia LibraryThomas Jefferson – Architect
Third President of the United States.
Very very very brief History
Native field stones piled upon one another without mortar Sod or dried mud Clay & silt 1000 A.D. The Romans: perfected arch and vault, built forum buildings, theaters,
baths, aqueducts & homes – temples like the Parthanon! Mud joints
– Kept out wind & rain– Gave a level building surface
Mortar Functions
• Provides for full bearing
• Seals between masonry units
• Adheres / bonds masonry units
• Aesthetics
•20%± of wall area•Affects the color and texture of masonry wall•Mortar specified in testing standard ASTM C-270
Mortar Ingredients
• Portland Cement
• Hydrated Lime
• Sand
• Water
• Admixtures (optional)
TYPES OF MORTAR: “MSNOK”
• Type "M" (High): Strength (2500 psi) High lateral and compressive loads & below grade uses
• Type "S" (Medium-High): Strength (1800 psi) High flexural and normal compressive loads (most common)
• Type "N" (Medium): Strength (750 psi) General above grade uses (almost useless)
• Type "O" (Medium-Low): Strength (350 psi) Non-Load bearing walls (pretty useless)
• Type "K" (Low): Strength (75 psi) Non-Load bearing where permitted (fairly useless)
Brick Positions:
StretcherHeaderSoldierShinerRowlockSailor
Course: Continuous layer
Wythe: Continuous vertical section
Basic Brickwork Terminology
BedJoint
HeadJoint
Course - horizontal layer of brick
Basic Brickwork Terminology
Header - Bonds two wythes together Wythe: vertical layer 1 unit thick
Soldier - Laid on its end, face parallel
Rowlock - laid on face, end visible
Stretcher - long dimension horizontal & face parallel to the wall
Corbel Shelf or ledge formed by projecting successive courses of masonry out from the face of a wall
Quions Stone blocks used to form strong corners.
Considerations in Choosing Brick
• Molding process
• Color
• Size
• Grade
• Type
“Molded” or “Handmade” solid units pressed into fiberglass, wood or steel molds used to be by hand, now machines sand or water coated molds to release
bricks usually rougher surface and edges
EXTRUDED pushed through a dye & then cut by wire “kinda’ like square toothpaste”
• hollow core• formed into a column and cut to size with wires• usually smoother surface and finer edges
However, most brick is……….
Firing Process:
PERIODIC KILN
TUNNEL KILN
Brick Masonry - Sizes and Shapes• No standard size
• Normal coursing - 3 bricks h = 8” (including mortar joints so it aligns with 8” block (CMU)
• Larger sizes mostly for economy• Custom Shapes & Colors ($$$$$)
Sizes: MODULAR 8”
STANDARD 75/8”
THREE-INCH OVERSIZE ROMAN NORMAN SIX-INCH JUMBO JUMBO
Brick MasonryImportant Qualities
Grade:Weatherability: evaluates how the bricks will hold up
to weather exposure (freeze/thaw, rain, etc.)
Grades:Facing Bricks: evaluates the uniformity of shape, dimension, texture &
color
Brick Bonds
– Running bond– Stacked bond
Brick Joints WEATHERED CONCAVE VEE FLUSH RAKED STRIPPED STRUCK
Wood Mold
Extruded – Wire Cut Extruded – Smooth
Extruded – Raked
Joint Color that “Blends” w/ Brick Color
Concave Joints
Flush Joints
Racked Joints
• Layout & Leads
• Line
Stationary Scaffolding
Adjustable Scaffold
Tooling Joints
Spanning Masonry Openings
• Lintels– Purpose– Materials
• Reinforced Concrete
• Reinforced Brick
• Steel Angles
• Arches
Cleaning Masonry
Steel Lintel