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Blood Typing

ABO

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ABO Blood Group

• Three alleles A, B, O – or IA, IB, i

• Phenotypes of Blood types:

• A

• B

• AB

• O

NOTE:

A and B are codominant

Drop of Blood

Red blood cells have antigens

Plasma has antibodies

Don’t mix same letter antigens with antibodies

Antigens on RBC

antibodies

antigens

Antigens on surfaceRh

A

B antigens on surface

RhB

Both A and B antigens on surface

Rh

Alleles and antibodies

O

Anti-A

Anti-B

A

Anti-B

B

Anti-A

AB

none

O None None None none

A Clump None Clump None

B Clump Clump None None

AB Clump Clump Clump None

Agglutination (clumping)Animation: Cytotoxic

(Type II Hypersensitivity)

Official Blood Test Card

Blood Typing Simulation

• A sera is colored blue

• B sera is colored yellow

• Rh sera is colorless

ABO Blood Type

• ABO Blood Typing

Type A +

A

B

Rh

Type B Pos

A

B

Rh

Type AB+

A

B

Rh

Type O neg.

A

B

Rh

Rh+ and Rh-dominant Rh positive gene (+) produces the Rh antigen

recessive Rh negative gene (-) does not produce an antigen

• Rh+/Rh+

Rh+/Rh- Rh+

Rh-/Rh- = Rh-

(DD) or (Dd) = Rh+  (dd) = Rh-

(they do not have the key Rh antigens).

Rh + or - ?

.

Anti-Rh

antibodies

O positive and negative blood

Donating Blood

Best Blood

• If you include the Rh factor, then the universal donor becomes O Negative while the universal recipient becomes AB Positive.

Percentages in U.S.

• O Positive 38.4%• A Positive 32.3%• B Positive 09.4%• O Negative 07.7%• A Negative 06.5%• AB Positive 03.2%• B Negative 01.7%• AB Negative 00.7%