at the lhc pp cross sections at the lhcmoriond.in2p3.fr/qcd/2011/saturdayafternoon/goulianos.pdf ·...

Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross-sections at the LHC

Diffraction, saturation and pp cross sections at the LHC

Konstantin GoulianosThe Rockefeller University

Moriond QCD and High Energy InteractionsLa Thuile, March 20-27, 2011

(member of CDF and CMS)

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 2K. Goulianos

CONTENTS

Introduction

Diffractive cross sections

The total, elastic, and inelastic cross sections

Monte Carlo strategy for the LHC

Conclusions

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 3K. Goulianos

Two reasons: one fundamental

/ one practical.

fundamental

practical: underlying event (UE), triggers, calibrations

the UE affects all physics studies at the LHC

Why study diffraction?

σT

optical theoremIm fel (t=0)

dispersion relationsRe fel (t=0)

Diffraction

measure σT

& ρ-value at LHC:

check for violation of dispersion relations

sign for new physicsBourrely, C., Khuri, N.N., Martin, A.,Soffer, J., Wu, T.Thttp://en.scientificcommons.org/16731756

saturation σT

NEED ROBUST MC SIMULATION OF SOFT PHYSICS

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 4K. Goulianos

Pandora's box is an artifact

in Greek mythology, taken from the myth of Pandora's creation around line 60 of Hesiod's Works And Days. The "box" was actually a large jar (πιθος

pithos) given to Pandora

(Πανδώρα) ("all-gifted"), which contained all the evils

of the world. When Pandora opened the jar, the entire contents of the jar were released, but for one –

hope. Nikipedia

MC simulations: Pandora’s box was unlocked at the LHC!

Presently available MCs based on pre-LHC data were found to be inadequate for LHC

MC tunes: the “evils of the world” were released from Pandora’s box at the LHC

… but fortunately, hope remained in the box a good starting point for this talk

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 5K. Goulianos

Diffractive gaps definition: gaps not exponentially

suppressed

ξ1~

dξdσ

M

1~dM

dσconstantΔηddσ

220t

⇒⇒≈⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛

=

p pX p

Particle production Rapidity gap

η

φ

-ln

ξln

MX2

ln

s

X

No rad

iation

Lpξ ⋅

sMξ

2x≈

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 6K. Goulianos

Diffractive pbar-p

studies @ CDF

η

φ

Elastic scattering Total cross section

SD DD DPE SDD=SD+DD

σT=Im

fel

(t=0)

OPTICALTHEOREM

η

φGAP

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 7K. Goulianos

Basic and combined diffractive processes

a 4-gap diffractive process

gap

SD

DD

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 8K. Goulianos

Regge

theory –

values of so & g?

Parameters:s0, s0' and g(t)set s0‘ = s0 (universal IP )determine s0 and gPPP – how?

KG-1995:

PLB 358, 379 (1995)

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 9K. Goulianos

A complication … Unitarity!

dσ/dt σsd grows faster than σt as s increasesunitarity violation at high s

(similarly for partial x-sections in impact parameter space)

the unitarity limit is already reached at √s ~ 2 TeV

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 10K. Goulianos

σTSD

vs

σT

(pp & pp)

Factor of ~8 (~5)suppression at √s = 1800 (540) GeV

KG, PLB 358, 379 (1995)

1800

GeV

540

GeV

Mξ,t

pp

p’

√s=22 GeV

RENORMALIZATION MODEL

CDF Run I results

σTσT

suppressed relative to Regge for √s>22 GeV

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 11K. Goulianos

Gap probability (re)normalize to unity

Single diffraction renormalized –

(1)

y′ΔyΔ

yt Δ,2 independent variables:

t

colorfactor 17.0

)0()(

≈=−−

−−

ppIP

IPIPIP tgβ

κ

( ){ } { }yo

ytp eetFC

yddtd ′ΔΔ′+ ⋅⋅⋅⋅=

Δεαε σκσ 22

2

)(gap probability sub-energy x-section

KG EDS 2009: http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1002/1002.3527v1.pdfKG CORFU-2001: hep-ph/0203141

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 12K. Goulianos

Single diffraction renormalized –

(2)

colorfactor 17.0

)0()(

≈=−−

−−

ppIP

IPIPIP tgβ

κ

Experimentally:KG&JM, PRD 59 (114017) 1999

18.03125.0

8175.0121f

11f 2 =×+×≈⎯⎯⎯ →⎯ =×+−

×= QNN c

qc

gκQCD:

104.0,02.017.0 =±==−

−− εβ

κpIP

IPIPIPg

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 13K. Goulianos

Single diffraction renormalized -

(3)

constsb

sssd ⇒

→⎯⎯ →⎯ ∞→

lnln~σ

set to unitydetermine so

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 14K. Goulianos

Single diffraction renormalized –

(4)

( ){ } { }yo

ytpgap eetFCN

yddtd ′ΔΔ′+ ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅=

Δεαε σκσ 22

2

)(

ssCdtydtysN s

gaptygap ln),(P)(

2

,1

ε

⋅′⎯⎯ →⎯ΔΔ∫= ∞→Δ

−

[ ] tybsy eseCyddt

d )2()ln(2

0ln Δ′+−Δ ⋅′′=Δ

αεσ

Pumplin bound obeyed at all impact parametersgrows slower than sε

),(P tygap Δ

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 15K. Goulianos

M2

distribution: data

14 GeV (0.01 < ξ < 0.03)

20 GeV (0.01 < ξ < 0.03)

546 GeV (0.005 < ξ < 0.03)

1800 GeV (0.003 < ξ < 0.03)

1____

(M2)1+Δ.....

←_____ 546 GeV std.flux prediction

← 1800 GeV std.flux prediction

Δ = 0.05 ________→

Δ = 0.15 _________→

renorm. fluxprediction

_________→

std. and renorm.flux fits

|↑

KG&JM, PRD 59 (1999) 114017

ε≡Δ

factorization breaks down to ensure M2 scaling

ε12

2ε

2 )(Ms

dMdσ

+∝

Regge

1

Independent of s

over 6 orders of magnitude in M2

M2 scaling

dσ/dM2|t=-0.05 ~ independent of s over 6 orders of magnitude!

data

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 16K. Goulianos

Scale so

and triple-pom

coupling

Two free parameters: so and gPPPObtain product gPPP•so

ε / 2 from σSD

Renormalized Pomeron flux determines soGet unique solution for gPPP

Pomeron-proton x-section

)(sσξ)(t,fdtdξσd

p/pSD

2

ξ−⋅= IPIP

εos

)(s /2o tgPPP⋅−ε

Pomeron

flux: interpret as gap probabilityset to unity: determines gPPP and s0 KG, PLB 358 (1995) 379

So

=3.7±1.5 GeV2gPPP =0.69 mb-1/2=1.1 GeV

-1

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 17K. Goulianos

Saturation “glueball”

at ISR?

See M.G.Albrow, T.D. Goughlin, J.R. Forshaw, hep-ph>arXiv:1006.1289

Giant glueball

with f0

(980) and f0

(1500) superimposed, interfering destructively and manifesting as dips (???)

√so

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 18K. Goulianos

Multigap

cross sections, e.g. SDD

ssty ln/2~,ε

Δ∫Same suppressionas for single gap!

( ){ } ( ){ }2122

2-1i1

2

51

5

)( yyo

ytp

ii

eetFCdV

dii ′Δ+′Δ

=

Δ′+

−=

××= ∏∏εαε σκσ

Gap probability Sub-energy cross section(for regions with particles)

1y ′Δ 2y ′Δ1yΔ 2yΔ

1y ′ 2y

1t 21 yyy Δ+Δ=Δ5 independent variables2t color

factor

KG, hep-ph/0203141

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 19K. Goulianos

SDD in CDF: data vs

NBR MChttp://physics.rockefeller.edu/publications.html

Excellent agreement between data and NBR (MinBiasRockefeller) MC

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 20K. Goulianos

Multigaps: a 4-gap x-section

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 21K. Goulianos

The total x-section

√sF

=22 GeV

SUPERBALL MODEL

98 ±

8 mb

at 7 TeV109 ±12 mb

at 14 TeV

http://arxiv.org/

abs/1002.3527

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 22K. Goulianos

Total inelastic cross section

ATLAS measurementof the total inelastic x-section

Renormalization model

The σel is obtainedfrom σt and the ratio of el/tot

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 23K. Goulianos

σSD

and ratio of α'/ε

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 24K. Goulianos

Diffraction in PYTHIA -1

some comments:1/M2 dependence instead of (1/M2)1+ε

F-factors put “by hand” – next slideBdd contains a term added by hand - next slide

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 25K. Goulianos

Diffraction in PYTHIA -2

note:1/M2 dependencee4 factor

Fudge factors:suppression at kinematic

limit kill overlapping diffractive

systems in ddenhance low mass region

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 26K. Goulianos

CMS: observation of Diffraction at 7 TeVAn example of a beautiful data analysis and of MC inadequacies

•

No single MC describes the data in their entirety

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 27K. Goulianos

Monte Carlo Strategy for the LHC

σT from SUPERBALL modeloptical theorem Im fel(t=0)dispersion relations Re fel(t=0)σel

σinel

differential σSD from RENORMuse nesting of final states (FSs) for

pp collisions at the IP-p sub-energy √s' Strategy similar to that employed in the MBR (Minimum Bias Rockefeller) MC used in CDF based on multiplicities from: K. Goulianos, Phys. Lett. B 193 (1987) 151 pp“A new statistical description of hardonic

and e+e−

multiplicity distributions “

σT

optical theoremIm fel (t=0)

dispersion relationsRe fel (t=0)

MONTE CARLO STRATEGY

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 28K. Goulianos

Monte Carlo algorithm -

nesting

η'ct

Profile of a pp inelastic collision

Δy‘

< Δy'min

EXIT

Δy‘

> Δy'min

generate central gap

repeat until Δy' < Δy'min

ln

s' evolve every cluster similarly

gap gapno gap

final statefrom MC

w/no-gaps

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 29K. Goulianos

SUMMARY

Introduction

Diffractive cross sections

basic: SDp, SDp, DD, DPE

combined: multigap x-sections

ND no-gaps: final state from MC with no gaps

this is the only final state to be tuned

The total, elastic, and inelastic cross sections

Monte Carlo strategy for the LHC – use “nesting”

derived from NDand QCD color factors

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 30K. Goulianos

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 31K. Goulianos

RISING X-SECTIONS IN PARTON MODEL

(see E. Levin, An Introduction to Pomerons,Preprint

DESY 98-120)

εε σσσ ses oy

oT == ′Δ)(y

φ sy ln=′Δ

Emission spacing controlled by α-strongσΤ : power law rise with energy

∼1/αs

α’

reflects the size of the emitted cluster, which is controlled by 1 /αs

and thereby is related to ε

( ) ytel etsf Δ′+∝ αε),(Im

yφ sy ln=Δ

Forward elastic scattering amplitude

assume linear t-dependence

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 32K. Goulianos

Gap survival probability

10-1

1

103

sub-energy √s--, (GeV)

gap

frac

tion Δη

> 3

.0 CDF: one-gap/no-gapCDF: two-gap/one-gapRegge predictionRenorm-gap prediction

2-gap

1-gap

210

0.23GeV)(1800S gapgap/01gapgap/12 ≈−−

−−

0.29GeV)(630S gapgap/01gapgap/12 ≈−−

−−

S =

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 33K. Goulianos

Diffraction in MBR: dd

in CDFhttp://physics.rockefeller.edu/publications.html

renormalized

gap probability x-section

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 34K. Goulianos

Diffraction in MBR: DPE in CDFhttp://physics.rockefeller.edu/publications.html

Excellent agreement between data and MBR

low and high masses are correctly implemented

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 35K. Goulianos

Dijets

in γp

at HERA

from RENORM

Factor of ~3 suppressionexpected at W~200 GeV(just as in pp collisions)for both direct and resolved components

K. Goulianos, POS (DIFF2006) 055 (p. 8)

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 36K. Goulianos

Saturation at low Q2

and small-x

figure from a talk by Edmond Iancu

Moriond QCD 2011 Diffraction, saturation, and pp cross sections at the LHC 37K. Goulianos