a walk around minnesota
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A WALK AROUND MINNESOTA
By Breeanna Roberg
Minnesota…. Has three major biomes
Prairie landsConiferous forestsDeciduous forests
Minnesota can be broken up into many different sub-divisions Each sub-division has a set of qualities that
makes them slightly more specific to the area.
Minnesota… Sub-divisions
The Arrowhead○ Iron ranges
The PrairiesBluffsRed River valleyBogs
ARROWHEAD
Habitat This area is part of the
coniferous forestMeaning trees with needlesConsisting of pines and fir
AnimalsWolves Bears Elk moose
Ely Minnesota Started out as a small mining town with a
total of 5 mines altogetherTogether they produced more than eighty
million tons of Iron OreThey were shut down in 1967
Now the town depends on recreation includingCanoe tripsBoat tripsFly fishing trips
International Wolf Center An exhibit at the science museum
triggered interest within the population and needed a permanent homeWhy Ely?
○ S. Olson and M. Stenlund were conducting modern research here and was an obvious fit.
International Wolf Center What does it offer
A chance to see the resident wolf pack Video presentations, howling trips, radio
track, snowshoe treks, family activities, dog sledding, and flights over wolf country
Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) The most popular wilderness area in the
United States The forests were logged in the early
1900’sIn 1909 it became critical to save this area
and 1.2 million acres were named the Superior Refuge○ Today the BWCAW includes a million acres of
wilderness
BWCAW Landscape
Large old white pinesMany rocky lakes
Animal lifeBald eaglesMooseLoonsBeaversAnd of course your friendly pack of wolves
IRON RANGES
Tower Soudan Mine
First successful mine on the rangeShaft mine that opened in 1884A cable car takes you 2,000 feet below the
surfaceThe ore found here was expensive to
harvest because it was so hard to get to It is now an underground laboratory used by
the University of Minnesota High Energy Physics Lab
Mesabi Range “The Range” Became the states leading iron range The Iron found at this range was only on
the surface or under glacial deposits which are not thick
They were Ore pockets not bodies usually 200 to 500 feet deep.
General make up… Towns
Most towns in this area were created because of the surrounding economy○ When a mine popped up people needed
supplies and a town soon formed○ When the logging camps were set up, towns
with the things they needed followed soon after.
Farming?... Why didn’t people ever farm here?
It took too long to clear the forests from the land and the amount that the soil produced was not large enough to make a profit from it.
Because in the frontier days it was inaccessible ○ Railroads didn’t go this far○ There were not any rivers that connected to the
Mississippi River for steamboats to carry the immigrants
THE HEARTLAND
Leech Lake Indian Reservation Created by the 1855 treaty
The Ojibwe lost most of their land… however they were able to keep this
most of the area was logged in the early 1900’s
Leech Lake Indian Reservation Control
State still has criminal and some civil jurisdiction
The tribe controls hunting, fishing, activities○ They also have their own day care and
college
Leech Lake Dam Remains the longest dam and stretches
3,500 feet across It raised Leech Lake a full 4 to 7 feet after
completion It was built because Minneapolis needed a
steady water flow along the Mississippi river because it was such a large producer of flour
It was the second dam built by the Army Corp of Engineers
Wild Rice It makes up 25% of the diet on the
reservation It became an important cash crop although
it is fairly hard to harvest In the summer they make the lakes look like
prairies instead of swamps Passed down from generation to generation
it was common knowledge within the Indian population to “live where the food grows on water”
Walker Sits on top of hills left by the last glacier
and it over-looks leech lake (Ga-sagasquadjimekag sagaiigum (place-of-the-leech-lake)) named by the Ojibwe tribe
Was created because of the lumber industry and the placement of the railroad
Known today for mostly hunting and fishing
Cass Lake Located in Cass Lake is
Lyle’s Logging Camp○ Is a museum dedicated to a man who spent a
large part of his life in the woods and wanted to make sure that the lifestyle got preserved
Cass Lake Located in Cass Lake is
Headquarters for the Chippewa National Forest which has a Finnish heritage
Also the headquarters for the consolidated Ojibwe Indian Agency ○ Which oversees seven reservations
Star Island Why is Star Island so unique?
Because it is an island inside of Cass Lake that also has another lake inside of it
The only lake inside of a lake in the StatesThe lake
○ Named Lake Windigo
Itasca state park Contains
the source of the Mississippi River (Lake Itasca)
157 lakes in allOriginal structures from 1905
Itasca State Park Contains
About 25% of the original trees in MinnesotaLargest Red and white pines that still stand
in the stateVirgin Norway pine that is over 200 years
old
Habitat Landscape
Leech, Cass and Winnibigoshish were created by glacial lake Agassiz
The area is very swampyNot the original forest
○ Hardwoods and pine spot the continuous forests of Aspen
The storefront Many towns in this region still have their
main street although they may be deserted for the most part except for the few local restaurants
Each town has something special about them for instanceAkeley has the largest statue of Paul Bunyan
and Babe the blue ox!Lake Windigo is a lake within an island within
a lake
BLUFFS
HabitatAnimals
WaterfowlBald EaglesWild turkeys CoyotesfoxesAlong with many other songbirds
Vegetation The forests that surround the bluffs are
so dense that low growing plants are hard to come by
TreesOak-hickory forestsMaple basswood forestsPine plantations
Landscape The landscape was not touched by the
youngest glacier coverage and therefore refrains from showing much glacial drift
The landscape is diverse and consists ofRock cliffsSteep valleys UplandsOld fields
Red Wing Red Wing’s many names
Now known as the Barn BluffFrench called it La GrangeDakota tribe names
○ Proymueche- Mountain in water○ Hemminnicha- wood, water and hill
Red Wing logo Used to be used as a tailsman for Dakota chiefs Now used as the Red Wing shoe company logo
Established in 1905In 1915 it signed a contract with the U.S. Army to produce 200,000
shoes a day Now it produces around two million a day
THE PRAIRIE
Landscapes The landscapes along the prairies are
usually flat Farming is common in the prairie
because the land is so flat and very fertile Trees are scarce along the prairies
because of the fires that come every so oftenThe trees don’t have enough time to grow big
enough to make it to the next fire
Farming Crops that are grown consists mostly of
Corn Wheat Soybeans sugar beats
Farming The soil on the prairie is very fertile due
to the dense roots of the grasses Because the roots are so dense it was hard
to plow and become farmland until the invention of a more modern plow that would cut the roots instead of trying to uproot them
Farming Crop rotation
A farmer has to have a varitey of crops that he grows on his farm because of crop rotation
When a particular plant grows on a field it takes a certain nutrient from the earth making it insufficient in that nutrient○ When a farmer rotates the crops it gives that
section of farmland the ability to gain that nutrient back
Farming Dairy farming
Is on the decline in Minnesota because smaller farms are harder to run ○ Most dairy farms are undersized and need a
minimum of 500 cow to survive.
Farming Dairy
People need to invest in the modern technology ○ Problem with this is that it is so expensive and
that the profit produced from the sales is not high enough for the up-grade
Vegetation Dry
Occur when the evapotranspirtation is greater than the amount of precipitation that falls
Dotted blazing star along with the prickly pear grow in these types of environments
Vegetation Mesic
Occur in transition of the two or where there is a morraine
The butterfly flower and asters are commonly found here
Vegetation Wet
The ground is saturated with water where the roots can meet them
Wood Lilly grows here along with the blue flag iris and cat-tails
Northfield A 100 years ago the town was know for
milling mostly at Arnes Mill The local economy is agriculture Home of ….
Malt-O-MealSt Olaf collegeCarleton college
Northfield St. Olaf college (patron saint of Norway)
It’s known for it’s music programsO. E. Rolvaag
○ Patron of saint at St. Olaf○ Wrote Giants in the Earth
It’s remarkable novel about life on the prairiesHoward V. Hong and Edna H Kierkegaard
library○ The library has some of the best philosophy
resources around
Northfield Carelton
founded in 1866 by New England congregationalists
On the list for top ten small school in the state
Famous alumnus T. Veblen○ Founder of institutional economics
Economic transactions are affected by social habits and legal institutions
Big Stone Lake The shores are
coated with exposed bedrock Granitegneiss left behind by glacial
Lake Agassiz
Big Stone Lake The landscape here is spotted with small towns few and far
between The area is know for
Hiking and campingFishing
○ Great Walleye areaBoating
○ Rentals are available
Big Stone Lake Used to be a sight for
canning corn Annual Corn festival
Held on the first couple of days in September
First one was held in 1931○ The corn for the festival was
donated by the local canning company
Works cited http://www.wolf.org/wolves/visit/visitingel
y.asp http://www.mindat.org/sitegallery.php?loc
=167402 http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/fe
atures/2005/09/19_robertsont_wildrice/ http://oodlekadoodleprimitives.blogspot.c
om/2009/09/creamy-minnesota-wild-rice-soup-breads.html
http://www.search.com/reference/Paul_Bunyan
http://movingtofreedom.org/2007/06/11/at-the-blue-ox-market/
http://www.wishboneresort.com/cass_lake.html
http://redcrowqualitygoods.blogspot.com/2008/12/want-redwing-boots.html
http://www.mnhs.org/school/online/communities/landscapes/RIVpho3T.htm
http://ie.culturalcare.com/explore/explore.aspx?name=Minnesota@23
Works cited(cont.) http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/com
ponents/3238a.html#wet http://www.lakecountryjournal.com/node/231 http://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/page/flowers-by-color http://www.sportsmansconnection.com http://thealdertree.wordpress.com/ http://minnemom.com/2009/08/20/hull-rust-mahoning-mine
-in-hibbing-minnesota/ http://www.exploremississippibluffs.com/ http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/great_river_bluffs/n
arrative.html http://www.visitusa.com/minnesota/photos/minnesota-minn
esota-valley-state-park.htm http://keithmcd.com/blog/2011/06/18/minnesota-marriage-a
mendment/
http://www.ortonville.net/ http://
www.lehighvalleylive.com/events/index.ssf/2009/08/10_things_to_do_this_week_2.html
http://attractions.uptake.com/blog/grundy-county-corn-festival-morris-illinois-5544.html
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