11.9.2015 climate change challenges to nhss helsinki, march 12, 2013 esko kuusisto/syke
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Climate Change Challenges to NHSs Helsinki, March 12, 2013
Esko Kuusisto/SYKE
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Helsinki, Mechelin Street
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Vantaa River Basin, maximum wintertime
snow amount 1951-2012
2013
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Should the city of Helsinki be well-
prepared to snowy winters still in the
2050’s?
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Riverbasin
Precipitation 2012
Average Deviation %
Vantaa 830 666 +25
Vuoksi 820 631 +30
Kyrönjoki 753 558 +35
Oulujoki 850 607 +40
Kemijoki 613 520 +18
Paatsjoki 512 442 +16
Last year’s precipitation in Finland was 15-40% above the average
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Task: Climate Change Challenges to NHSsTask: Climate Change Challenges to NHSs
Questionnaire sent to 40+ countries
Response from 19 countries: Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan Republic,Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary,Lithuania, Montenegro, Norway,Poland, Slovak Republic, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey
Please list three hydrology-related issues, which are considered the most important negative impacts of climate change?
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Floods 15Droughts, Water scarcity 17Increased evaporation 3Coastal degradation 3Sea level rise 2Loss of snow cover/glaciers 6Increased risk of erosion 2More landslides 1More avalanches 1Groundwater depletion 1
Which communities or sectors have been the main users of hydrological information related to climate change? 1. The importance of various user communities:
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very important
Arather important
only minor
n/a
EU and international organizations
4 12 1 2
Neighbouring countries (river basin commission)
4 9 4 2
Government of your country
12 5 1 1
Local administrations 6 6 5 2
Scientific 12 5 1 1
Commercial 0 6 9 4
Media 7 8 3 1
General public 2 9 7 1
Which communities or sectors have been the main users of hydrological information related to climate change? 1. The importance of various sectors:
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very important
aratherimportant
only minor
n/a
Agriculture 6 9 3 2Water supply (domestic, services)
6 11 1 1
Water supply (industry) 4 9 5 1Hydropower 11 4 3 1Other forms of energy production
1 7 9 2
Civil defence (floods, low flows, pollution events)
12 5 2 0
Fisheries 1 3 10 5Recreation 2 6 6 5Ecosystem maintainence 6 7 6 0Other: navigation 1 1Other: infrastructure 2Other: environment 1
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Mining – case Talvivaara
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Which communities will be the main users of hydrological information related to climate change
during the next 20 years?
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EU + int.
org.
Neighb. countries
(rbc)
Gov. of your
countryLocal adm.
Scien-tific
Com-mer-cial Media
General public
Mean now 1.9 1.8 2.5 1.8 2.5 1.2 2.1 1.6Mean future
2.3 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.6 1.6 2.3 2.0
Which sectors will be the main users of hydrological information related to climate change
during the next 20 years?
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Agri-cult-ure
Dom. water
supply
Ind. wat. s-y
Hydro-power
Other forms
of energy
Civil defence (floods,
low flows, poll.
events)Fish-eries
Recre-ation
Eco-sys-tems
Mean now 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.3 1.4 2.5 1.0 1.4 2.0Mean fut. 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 1.8 2.8 1.4 1.6 2.3
How could you improve the present situation?
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Azerbaijan Republic
We should widely use automatic observation stations, put this information in online regime to internet, intranet, to have hydrologic
models for managing of water resources.Czech Republic
Climate change will not bring new phenomena in the Central Europe. It only may change their characteristics and occurrence, thus the
recent arrangement should cope with it.Albania
New technology and automatic station networkLithuania
Switzerland More resources for system analysis and analyses of metainformations
FinlandThere are still many topics which need additional research.
SwedenEnlarge the international cooperation with other institutions/providers
of hydrological products and services.Poland
more reserch projects, more measurements, more fundsGermany better link between meteorology and hydrology federalism is not
making things easierNorway Launch research projects to link climate/meteorology and hydrology
in a better way. More focus on feedback effects and attribution of changes.
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Turkey There must be academic coordination group to investigate and direct the decision makers
Hungary Regional transboundary / river-basin-wide cooperation has to be enhanced international Danube Basin. This issue is essential for
Hungary, where ~95% of the stream flow is generated by catchment outside the country. Uniform climate change scenarios for the entire
Danube Basin or major parts of it.Slovak Republic
Clear support of NCP, e.g. from WMO, the review of the results of NCP is desirable, - Clear national support (financial as well) of activities, -
Public awareness and community support, …Denmark More easy access to data bases from the different institutions, and
common data policy.Montenegro Provision of sufficient relevant facts.Austria We must provide in the future the continuously data recording.France Performing better survey data analysis to try to detect climate change
trends; integrated studies of global change impacts to help the adaptation strategies building; Increase the underground data
collection to better describe aquifer geometry that is needed to perform better numerical modelling;
Croatia Strengthen personnel structure in NHMS for research of climate changesund also strengthen awereness of decision makers for easier
adaption to possible climate changesSpain It is very difficult because our models are not good. Some say Spain
will flood and others that it will dry. There is only one a sure thing; temperature is increasing.
Has hydrological information provided by your institution had some impact to decision making in climate-related issues in your country? Please give some examples:
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Azerbaijan Republic
Yes. Our information is crucial for decision making on civil protection projects such as mitigation of floods and also for projects of water
supply and etc.Czech Republic
CHMI provides all information available but is not the decision maker, therefore it is not possible for us to evaluate the impact of information
on final decision.Albania Hydro power plans.Switzerland Proofs of trendsFinland Certainly in flood-related issuesSweden SMHI has a recognized role as the main provider of climate-related
information for decision making. Contribution to SOU 2007:60 (Swedish Governments Official Reports), Sweden facing climate
change - threats and opportunities. Coordination and contribution to Swedish Climate Adaptation Portal. Detailed climate change studies
for the Swedish County Administrative Boards, e.g.: - Lake Vänern (Västra Götaland County Administrative Board) - Lake Mälaren (Stockholm County Administrative Board) - Kronoberg County
Administrative Board
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Germany We are one of the partners shaping the German adaptation strategy (parliament initiative)
Norway Yes, for example flood inundation maps are about to be updated to take changes in flood magnitudes in the future into account.
Turkey DSI is an operational institution. The decisions are directly effected by all kinds of information.
Hungary Hydrological information supplied by VITUKI contributed to the formulation of the National Climate Change Strategy of the Hungarian
Government. Similar impact is expected in relation to the Drought Strategy under development.
Slovak Republic
Yes, monitored hydrological data, evaluated hydrological characteristic, data from administrated databases are basic and
necessary information for national planning, for policy and decision, etc.
Denmark New flood protection plans are to be worked out by the municipalities.Austria Hydrological information and data are the basis of almost all scientific
climate change analysis.France Results of climate change impact studies raise the concern about the
necessity to think about adaptation strategies as of now and adaptation plans are designed at the national level. At regional scale,
water management rules are negotiated taking into account the results of climate change impacts studies and using hydrological indexes
calculated based on hydrological survey data.
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FUTURE JOINT
ACTIVITIES???
Joint action with the UNECE Water 2013-2015:
Support to implementation and accession European Union Water Initiative and National Policy
Dialogues Quantifying the benefits of transboundary cooperation
Adapting to climate change in transboundary basins Water- food-energy-ecosystems nexus Opening of the Convention to countries outside the United
Nations Economic Commission for Europe region Promotion of the Convention and establishment of strategic
partnerships
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