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Climate Change Challenges to NHSs Helsinki, March 12, 2013

Esko Kuusisto/SYKE

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Helsinki, Mechelin Street

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Vantaa River Basin, maximum wintertime

snow amount 1951-2012

2013

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Should the city of Helsinki be well-

prepared to snowy winters still in the

2050’s?

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 Riverbasin

Precipitation 2012

Average Deviation %

Vantaa 830 666 +25

Vuoksi 820 631 +30

Kyrönjoki 753 558 +35

Oulujoki 850 607 +40

Kemijoki 613 520 +18

Paatsjoki 512 442 +16

Last year’s precipitation in Finland was 15-40% above the average

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Task: Climate Change Challenges to NHSsTask: Climate Change Challenges to NHSs

Questionnaire sent to 40+ countries

Response from 19 countries: Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan Republic,Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary,Lithuania, Montenegro, Norway,Poland, Slovak Republic, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey

Please list three hydrology-related issues, which are considered the most important negative impacts of climate change?

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Floods 15Droughts, Water scarcity 17Increased evaporation 3Coastal degradation 3Sea level rise 2Loss of snow cover/glaciers 6Increased risk of erosion 2More landslides 1More avalanches 1Groundwater depletion 1

Which communities or sectors have been the main users of hydrological information related to climate change? 1. The importance of various user communities:

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very important

Arather important

only minor

n/a

EU and international organizations

4 12 1 2

Neighbouring countries (river basin commission)

4 9 4 2

Government of your country

12 5 1 1

Local administrations 6 6 5 2

Scientific 12 5 1 1

Commercial 0 6 9 4

Media 7 8 3 1

General public 2 9 7 1

Which communities or sectors have been the main users of hydrological information related to climate change? 1. The importance of various sectors:

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very important

aratherimportant

only minor

n/a

Agriculture 6 9 3 2Water supply (domestic, services)

6 11 1 1

Water supply (industry) 4 9 5 1Hydropower 11 4 3 1Other forms of energy production

1 7 9 2

Civil defence (floods, low flows, pollution events)

12 5 2 0

Fisheries 1 3 10 5Recreation 2 6 6 5Ecosystem maintainence 6 7 6 0Other: navigation 1 1Other: infrastructure 2Other: environment 1

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Mining – case Talvivaara

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Which communities will be the main users of hydrological information related to climate change 

during the next 20 years?

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EU + int.

org.

Neighb. countries

(rbc)

Gov. of your

countryLocal adm.

Scien-tific

Com-mer-cial Media

General public

Mean now 1.9 1.8 2.5 1.8 2.5 1.2 2.1 1.6Mean future

2.3 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.6 1.6 2.3 2.0

Which sectors will be the main users of hydrological information related to climate change 

during the next 20 years?

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Agri-cult-ure

Dom. water

supply

Ind. wat. s-y

Hydro-power

Other forms

of energy

Civil defence (floods,

low flows, poll.

events)Fish-eries

Recre-ation

Eco-sys-tems

Mean now 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.3 1.4 2.5 1.0 1.4 2.0Mean fut. 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 1.8 2.8 1.4 1.6 2.3

How could you improve the present situation?

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Azerbaijan Republic

We should widely use automatic observation stations, put this information in online regime to internet, intranet, to have hydrologic

models for managing of water resources.Czech Republic

Climate change will not bring new phenomena in the Central Europe. It only may change their characteristics and occurrence, thus the

recent arrangement should cope with it.Albania

New technology and automatic station networkLithuania

Switzerland More resources for system analysis and analyses of metainformations

FinlandThere are still many topics which need additional research.

SwedenEnlarge the international cooperation with other institutions/providers

of hydrological products and services.Poland

more reserch projects, more measurements, more fundsGermany better link between meteorology and hydrology federalism is not

making things easierNorway Launch research projects to link climate/meteorology and hydrology

in a better way. More focus on feedback effects and attribution of changes.

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Turkey There must be academic coordination group to investigate and direct the decision makers

Hungary Regional transboundary / river-basin-wide cooperation has to be enhanced international Danube Basin. This issue is essential for

Hungary, where ~95% of the stream flow is generated by catchment outside the country. Uniform climate change scenarios for the entire

Danube Basin or major parts of it.Slovak Republic

Clear support of NCP, e.g. from WMO, the review of the results of NCP is desirable, - Clear national support (financial as well) of activities, -

Public awareness and community support, …Denmark More easy access to data bases from the different institutions, and

common data policy.Montenegro Provision of sufficient relevant facts.Austria We must provide in the future the continuously data recording.France Performing better survey data analysis to try to detect climate change

trends; integrated studies of global change impacts to help the adaptation strategies building; Increase the underground data

collection to better describe aquifer geometry that is needed to perform better numerical modelling;

Croatia Strengthen personnel structure in NHMS for research of climate changesund also strengthen awereness of decision makers for easier

adaption to possible climate changesSpain It is very difficult because our models are not good. Some say Spain

will flood and others that it will dry. There is only one a sure thing; temperature is increasing.

Has hydrological information provided by your institution had some impact to decision making in climate-related issues in your country? Please give some examples: 

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Azerbaijan Republic

Yes. Our information is crucial for decision making on civil protection projects such as mitigation of floods and also for projects of water

supply and etc.Czech Republic

CHMI provides all information available but is not the decision maker, therefore it is not possible for us to evaluate the impact of information

on final decision.Albania Hydro power plans.Switzerland Proofs of trendsFinland Certainly in flood-related issuesSweden SMHI has a recognized role as the main provider of climate-related

information for decision making. Contribution to SOU 2007:60 (Swedish Governments Official Reports), Sweden facing climate

change - threats and opportunities. Coordination and contribution to Swedish Climate Adaptation Portal. Detailed climate change studies

for the Swedish County Administrative Boards, e.g.: - Lake Vänern (Västra Götaland County Administrative Board) - Lake Mälaren (Stockholm County Administrative Board) - Kronoberg County

Administrative Board

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Germany We are one of the partners shaping the German adaptation strategy (parliament initiative)

Norway Yes, for example flood inundation maps are about to be updated to take changes in flood magnitudes in the future into account.

Turkey DSI is an operational institution. The decisions are directly effected by all kinds of information.

Hungary Hydrological information supplied by VITUKI contributed to the formulation of the National Climate Change Strategy of the Hungarian

Government. Similar impact is expected in relation to the Drought Strategy under development.

Slovak Republic

Yes, monitored hydrological data, evaluated hydrological characteristic, data from administrated databases are basic and

necessary information for national planning, for policy and decision, etc.

Denmark New flood protection plans are to be worked out by the municipalities.Austria Hydrological information and data are the basis of almost all scientific

climate change analysis.France Results of climate change impact studies raise the concern about the

necessity to think about adaptation strategies as of now and adaptation plans are designed at the national level. At regional scale,

water management rules are negotiated taking into account the results of climate change impacts studies and using hydrological indexes

calculated based on hydrological survey data.

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FUTURE JOINT

ACTIVITIES???

Joint action with the UNECE Water 2013-2015:

Support to implementation and accession  European Union Water Initiative and National Policy 

Dialogues  Quantifying the benefits of transboundary cooperation 

Adapting to climate change in transboundary basins  Water- food-energy-ecosystems nexus Opening of the Convention to countries outside the United 

Nations Economic Commission for Europe region  Promotion of the Convention and establishment of strategic 

partnerships  

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38

40 57

59

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Kiitos!