alkohol kimia

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6 Diagram 6 shows the structural formula for two types of hydrocarbon compound. Rajah 6 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi dua jenis sebatian hidrokarbon.

H H H H| | | |

H — C — C — C — C — H| | | |H H H H

Compound A

Sebatian A

H H H H| | | |

C C — C — C — H| | |H H H

Compound B

Sebatian B

DIAGRAM / RAJAH 6

(a) What is meant by “ hydrocarbon”?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan “hidrokarbon”?

……………………………………………………………………………………..................

[ 1 mark ](b) Namakan Siri Homolog bagi

Name the Homologous Series for

(i) Compound ASebatian A :....................................................................................................................

(ii) Compound BSebatian B :

...................................................................................................................[ 2 marks]

(c) Compound B has isomers. Draw one structural formula for the compound rather than

Diagram 6 and name it according to IUPAC nomenclature.Sebatian B mempunyai beberapa isomer. Lukiskan satu formula struktur bagi isomer sebatian tersebut selain daripada Rajah 6 dan namakannya mengikut sistem penamaanIUPAC.

Structural formula

Formula struktur :

Name

Nama :……………………………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks]



(c) Compound A burnt completely produces carbon dioxide and water.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction.Sebatian A terbakar dengan lengkap menghasilkan gas karbon dioksida dan air.Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas tindak balas yang berlaku.

………………………………………………………………………………………..............

[ 2 marks]

(e) When compound A and compound B burnt in air, soot is produced. Apabila sebatian A dan sebatian B dibakar dalam udara, jelaga terhasil .

(i) Which compound produces more soot?Sebatian manakah menghasilkan jelaga yang lebih banyak?

……………………………………………………………………………………….........

..... [ 1 mark ]

(ii) State the reason for your choice in (e) (i). Nyatakan sebab bagi pilihan anda di (e) (i).

………………………………………………………………………………………..............

[ 1 mark ]

(d) Compound B can be converted to compound A through a reaction. Name the type of reaction.Sebatian B boleh ditukarkan kepada sebatian A melalui suatu tindak balas.

Namakan jenis tindak balas penukaran tersebut.

………………………………………………………………………………………..............

[ 1 mark ]

6 The diagram 6 shows a flow chart of changes that occur on ethanol, C2H5OH. Rajah 6 menunjukkan carta alir perubahan-perubahan yang berlaku ke atas etanol , C2H5OH.

C2H5OH C2H4 Substance S and gas T

Bahan S dan gas T

Combustion

Pembakaran

+ Substance U

Bahan U

Ethyl propanoate Etil propanoat

C2H5COOC2H5

Process I

Proses I

Diagram / Rajah 6



(a) (i) State the homologous series for ethanol. Nyatakan siri homolog bagi etanol .

……………………………………………………………………………………...........

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Ethanol is soluble in water. Explain why. Etanol boleh larut di dalam air . Terangkan mengapa.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………

…... [ 1 mark ]

(b) (i) Name substance S and gas T. Namakan bahan S dan gas T.

Substance / Bahan S :

…………………………………………………………………...

Gas T :………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Write the equation for the production of substance S and gas T.

Tuliskan persamaan bagi penghasilan bahan S dan gas T.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

[ 2 marks]

(c) Draw the stucture formula and name the substance U. Lukiskan formula struktur dan namakan bahan U.

[ 2 marks](d) (i) Name process I.

Namakan proses I

…………………………………………………………………………………………...



[1 mark ]

(ii) Draw the diagram of apparatus set up for process I. Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan radas bagi menjalankan proses I.

[2 marks

6 Diagram 6.1 shows the changes of a carbon compound involving a series of reaction.Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan perubahan suatu sebatian karbon yang melibatkan beberapa siritindak balas.

(a) Write the molecular formula of butane.Tuliskan formula molekul bagi butana.

ButanolButanol ButeneButena ButaneButana

PorcelainChips

Serpihan porselin

HeatPanas

H2

HeatPanas

Diagram 6.1Rajah 6.1



..........................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(b) Draw the structural formulae of two isomers of butane.Lukiskan formula struktur bagi dua isomer butana.

[2 marks]

(c) Table 6 shows the results of a test to differentiate between butane andbutene.

Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan ujian untuk membandingkan antara butana dan butena.

Procedure

Prosedur

Observation

Pemerhatian

Bromine water is added to butene. Air bromin ditambahkan kepada butena.

Brown colour is decolourised.Warna perang dinyahwarnakan.

Bromine water is added to butane. Air bromin ditambahkan kepada butana. Brown colour remains.Warna perang kekal.

Based on Table 6, explain why there is a difference in these observation.Berdasarkan Jadual 6, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian ini.

..........................................................................................................................................

Table 6Jadual 6



..........................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(d) Butene reacts with hydrogen to produce butane. Write the chemical equationof the reaction.

Butena bertindak balas dengan hidrogen untuk menghasilkan butane.Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

..........................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(e) Butene can be obtained from the reaction of butanol through dehydrationprocess. Draw a labeled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for theexperiment.

Butena boleh didapati daripada tindak balas butanol melalui proses penghidratan.Lukis gambar rajah berlabel susunan radas untuk eksperimen ini.

[2 marks](f) Diagram 6.2 shows the burning of hexane and hexene in air.

Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan pembakaran heksana dan heksena dalam udara.

Porcelain dishMangkuk pijar

Diagram 6.2Rajah 6.2

Filter paperKertas turas

SootJelaga

HexeneHeksena

HexaneHeksana



Compare the sootiness of hexane and hexene. Explain.Bandingkan kejelagaan bagi heksana dan heksena. Terangkan.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

[2 marks]

5 Table 5 shows molecular formulae of 4 carbon compounds.

Jadual 5 menunjukkan formula molekul bagi 4 sebatian karbon.

Compound

Sebatian

Molecular Formula

Formula molekul

A C4H8

B C4H10

C C4H9OH

D C2H5COOH

Table 5

Jadual 5

(a) Write the general formula of the homologous series of compound B.

Tuliskan formula umum bagi siri homolog sebatian B.



.........……..………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(b) State the functional group of compound A and compound D.

Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian A dan sebatian D.

Compound A : …………………………………………………………………………

Sebatian A

Compound D : ………………………………………………………………………….

Sebatian D

[2 marks]

(c) Compound B shows isomerism. Draw the structural formula of two isomers of

compound B.

Sebatian B menunjukkan isomerisme. Lukiskan dua formula struktur bagi isomer

sebatian B.

[2 marks]

(d) Compound D and compound C are reacted with the presence of the concentrated

sulphuric acid.

Sebatian D dan sebatian C bertindak balas dengan kehadiran asid sulfurik pekat.

(i) Name the product formed from the reaction.

Namakan hasil yang terbentuk daripada tindak balas

……………………………………………………….…………………………. [1 mark]

(ii) State one special characteristic of the product formed.

Nyatakan satu ciri istimewa bagi hasil yang terbentuk

……………………………………………………….…………………………...

[1 mark]

(e) Compound A burns in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Sebatian A terbakar dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan karbon dioksida dan air.

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.



Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas tersebut

................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) 11.2 g of compound A burns in excess oxygen, calculate number of carbondioxide molecules formed.

11.2 g sebatian A dibakar dalam oksigen berlebihan, hitungkan bilangan molekul

karbon dioksida yang terbentuk.

[Relative atomic mass C = 12, O = 16 and Avogadro number = 6.02 x 1023]

[ Jisim atom relatif C = 12, O = 16 dan nombor Avogadro = 6.02 x 1023]

[2 marks]

]5 Table 5 shows molecular formulae of 4 carbon compounds.

Jadual 5 menunjukkan formula molekul bagi 4 sebatian karbon.

Compound

Sebatian

Molecular Formula

Formula molekul

A C4H8

B C4H10

C C4H9OH

D C2H5COOH

Table 5

Jadual 5

(a) Write the general formula of the homologous series of compound B.

Tuliskan formula umum bagi siri homolog sebatian B.

……..……………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ]

(b) State the functional group of compound A and compound D

Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian A dan sebatian D.

Compound A :…………………………………………………………………………..



Sebatian A

Compound D :………………………………………………………………………….. Sebatian D

[2 marks]

(c) Compound B shows isomerism. Draw the structural formula of all isomers of compoundB.Sebatian B menunjukkan isomerisme. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi semua isomer sebatian B.

[2 marks]

(d) Compound D and compound C are reacted with the presence of the concentratedsulphuric acid.

Sebatian D dan sebatian C bertindak balas dengan kehadiran asid sulfurik pekat.

(i) Name the product formed from the reaction. Namakan hasil yang terbentuk daripada tindak balas

……………………………………………………….……………………………

[1 mark ]

(ii) State one special characteristic of the product formed. Nyatakan satu ciri istimewa bagi hasil yang terbentuk

……………………………………………………….……………………………

[1 mark ]

(e) Compound A burns in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.Sebatian A dibakar dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan carbon dioksida dan air.

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas tersebut

............................................................................................................................

......[1 mark ]



(ii) 11.2 g of compound A burns in excess oxygen, calculate number of carbondioxide molecules formed.11.2 g sebatian A dibakar dalam oksigen berlebihan, hitungkan bilanganmolekul carbon dioksida yang terbentuk.

[Relative atomic mass C = 12, O = 16 and Avogadro number = 6.03 x 1023

][ Jisim atom relatif C = 12, O = 16 dan nombor Avogadro = 6.03 x 1023]

[2 marks]

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