alamo (alarm model) – a flow time model used at the river elbe · 2011. 11. 17. · alamo (alarm...

ALAMO (alarm model) – a flow time model used at the river Elbe page 1

Dr. Stephan MaiDivision M - Quantitative HydrologyDepartment M1 - Hydrometry and Hydrological SurveyGerman Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz

Seminar on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Sandoz accidentBonn, 09th November 2011

ALAMO (alarm model) –a flow time model used at the river Elbe


1. Background for operational contaminant transport modellingLegal framework

Water Framework Directive (article 11 (3) l)

Each Member State shall ensure the establishment for each river basin district, …of a programme of measures,

Each programme of measures shall include the basic measures …

Basic measures are …

any measures required to …to reduce the impact of accidental pollution incidents …including … systems to detect or give warning … and …measures to reduce the risk to aquatic ecosystems.

International warning and emergency plan for the Elbe River, IWAPE (2004)

... to refine the alarm messages described in IWAPE the results of the alarm modelElbe (ALAMO) are used … in case of accidental pollution of water bodies.

photo: River Labe near Nymburk, Czech Republic (13.01.2006)


1. Background for operational contaminant transport modellingOrganisational framework / alerting mechanism

countries along the Elbe /LabeCzech RepublikSaxony (Germany)Saxony-Anhalt (Germany)Brandenburg (Germany)Lower Saxony (Germany)Schleswig-Holstein (Germany)Hamburg (Germany)

4 warning centres at theriver Elbe / Labe inHradec Králové (L1)Dresden (E1)Magdeburg (E2)Hamburg (E3)


1. Background for operational contaminant transport modellingOrganisational framework / alerting mechanism

d

-250 km

-150 km

-50 km

50 km

150 km

250 km

350 km

450 km

550 km

~ -250 km~ -150 km~ -100 km

~50 km~150 km

~350 km~450 km~550 km

~250 km

characteristics ofthe river Elbe:

from the source to the city of Usti nad Labemregulated river (by weirs)

downstream Usti nad Labemfree flowing riverregulation by groynes

Usage of water of the river Elbe:

abstraction of drinking water(water barrage / bank filtration)abstraction of process waterhydropowertransportation / traffic


2. Requirements for operational contaminant transport models

ALAMO - demandssimple model (user friendly)

applicability on PC

low run-time requirements (< 1 min)

ALAMO - realisation1-dimensional numerical model

empirical approach to model the longitudinal und latitudinal mixing of contaminants in the river

Needscalibration of model parameters describing mixing processes

Tracer experiments


3. Physical fundamentals of contaminant transport

Buhnenfelder alsStillwasserzone(nicht abflußwirksam)

Hauptstrom(abflußwirksam)

Stoffeintrag und zeitver-zögerter Stoffaustrag

Streichlinie

main streamcontributing to discharge

groyne field acting as dead water zone

boundary

retarded contaminant inflow and outflow relevant processes in:

main streamadvectiondiffusion/ dispersiondecayexchange with dead water zones

dead water zones decayexchange with main stream


3. Physical fundamentals of contaminant transport

advanced Taylor-model

processes:advection diffusion/ dispersiondecay

1.5-dimensionalapproach

exchange between main stream and dead water zones

no Transport in dead water zones

calibration needed forcoefficients DL, DS

ck)sc(DxcD

xcv

tc

S

2

2

L

−−ε

−∂∂

+∂∂

−=∂∂

K

K

( ) skscDts

s −−=∂∂

c: contaminant concentration (main stream)v: flow velocity (main stream)DL: coefficient of diffusion / dispersions: contaminant concentration (dead water zone)DS: coefficient of exchangeε: ratio of dead water zone to main streamk: coefficient of decay

equation formain stream:

equation for dead water zone:


4. Tracer experiments for the calibration of the model

overview overexperiments

realisation and measuring devices

results


4. Calibration of ALAMO – tracer experiments

Hanisch et al. 149013016026,0200,4Elster11/10/99

Lippert et al .138011413620,0184,5Mauken06/10/04

Dostál et al. 13247625524,0-104,8Mělník26/04/99

Dostál et al. 14309113012,1-37,0Ústí30/11/97

Hanisch et al. 148010291275,84,1Schmilka29/03/01

30912528,0-249,2Němčice02/05/05

Dostál et al. 30912162,0-249,2Němčice29/11/99

Hanisch et al. 149013026526,4200,4Elster27/10/98

Hanisch et al. 148010233033,54,1Schmilka15/07/97

authorsMHQ

[m³/s]

MNQ

[m³/s]

dischargeQ

[m³/s]

mass of tracer

[kg]

river-km

[km]

location of tracer

input

date

Input of tracer

►at different locationsalong the river

►at different discharge conditions

d

Elste

rM

auke

n

Schm

ilka

Ústí

Měln

ík

Němčic

e



results



measurement in the main stream

measurement at theriver bank

fluorometer – in situ

water sampling

fluorometer – ex situ



results



time concentration curvesin the river Elbe (discharge Q = 150 m³/s)

characteristic parameter: ►time of travel

start of tracer transitpeak of tracer transitend of tracer transit

►maximum concentration of tracer transitin main streamat the river bank



results

conc

entra

tion

[m

g/m

³]

time after discharge of tracer [h]

tracer concentration at





results

animated results of the model ALAMOin the river Elbe (discharge Q = 150 m³/s)

animated time interval: 7 days



characteristics of tracer transport alongthe river Elbe (discharge Q = 150 m³/s)

characteristic parameter: ►time of travel

start of tracer transitpeak of tracer transitend of tracer transit

►maximum concentration of tracer transitin main streamat the river bank



results


4. Calibration of ALAMO – tracer experimentscomparison of measurement and model

good reproduction of the time of travelof the pollutant (± 5%)good reproduction of maximum concentration of the pollutant

forecast by ALAMOmeasurement

time after discharge of tracer [h]

conc

entra

tion

[m

g/m

³]


4. Calibration of ALAMO – tracer experimentscomparison of measurement and model – separation of transport processes

advection diffusion / dispersion exchange with dead water zones


5. Verification of ALAMO – accidental river pollution

river pollution

contaminant: cyanide

location: Kolín

time: 09.01.2006

concentration: >500 µg/l

mass: > 100 kg

polluter: LZ Draslovka

first warning: 16.01.2006

problemno detailed informationon the input of the pollutants

solutionusing measurement of cyanide concentration at Schmilka

discharge of cyanideinto Labe near

Nymburk, 2006

dBu

ntha

us Schm

ilka

Kol

ín

Gee

sthac

ht


5. Verification of ALAMO – accidental river pollution

17/01/06 19/01/06 21/01/06 23/01/06 25/01/06Datum

0

10

20

30

Cya

nid-

Kon

zent

ratio

n [

µg/l]

27/01/06 29/01/06 31/01/06 02/02/06 04/02/06Datum

0

1

2

3

4

5

Cya

nid-

Konz

entra

tion

[µg

/l]

measurement (at Schmilka)

input concentration for ALAMO(at Schmilka, km 0)

+ measurement [influenced by tides] (at Bunthaus, km 609)

forecast of ALAMO(at Geesthacht, km 585)

+

backgroundconcentration

good reproduction of traveling time


6. Conclusion and Outlook

water framework directive of the EC requires early warning systems for river pollution ► ALAMO

ALAMO is part of the warning and alarming plan for the river Elbe

ALAMO is applicable for the whole river Elbe – the German part and the Czech part as well.

ALAMO is operated by four alarm control units, each responsible for a river section of about 200 km.

ALAMO gives a prognosis of the contaminant transport,i.e. time of travel, maximum concentration of the contaminant cloud

ALAMO is essential for the planning of cross-border measures against river pollution.

future development of ALAMO: inclusion of tributaries into the contaminant transport model (esp. Saale, Moldau)


Thank you for your attentionDr. Stephan Mai (physicist, civil engineer)Quantitative Hydrology (Department M1)German Federal Institute of HydrologyAm Mainzer Tor 156068 Koblenz

phone: +49-261-1306-5322, fax: +49-261-1306-5363email: [email protected]

alamo (alarm model) – a flow time model used at the river elbe · 2011. 11. 17. · alamo (alarm...

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