air quality and transport study of the los angeles basin bo tan m.s student department of...
TRANSCRIPT
Air Quality and Transport Study of the Los Angeles Basin
Bo Tan
M.S Student
Department of Atmospheric sciences
University of Nevada Reno – Desert Research Institute
• CO
• NOx
• SOx
• Reactive Organic Gases (ROG)
• Total Organic gas• PM2.5
• 486.6• 96.7• 15.9• 102.7
• 218.1• 26.3
Tons per day (2010) 1987
http://www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/fcemssumcat_query.php
• 9796• 889.5• 113.5
• 2429
Air Quality
• City Smog– Industrial Emission (point source)
VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds
SOx : Sulfur oxides
[Na2CO3(s)]: soda ash
– Exhaust Emission (mobile source) CO: Carbon Monoxide [NO2(g)]: Nitrogen oxides
[O3(g)]: Ozone
VOC production
Size Distribution
• Number of particles in Red • Area of particles in dashed lines • Volume of particles in dotted lines• Claremont, California, August 1987
PM2.5
Health Impact with PM2.5
• Sensitive Areas– Near freeway / high traffic area– Airport / harbor – Downwind from industry
• Sensitive Groups – Asthma / other lung diseases – Children / Older adults – Chronicle outdoor workers
Don’t live near freeways!!
2007 Statistics
• 6.5k premature death
• 1.3million school absence days
• 2.8million working days
• 1.7 million asthma patients
• 9000 hospitalized related to respiratory illness
Los Angeles Air Quality Index
2002 AQI
Current LA Emissions vs. World EmissionsSOx 2002
• Data is in (ug/m^3), 150 ug/m^3 per column
• In many countries, the Sulfur content is highly restricted
• fuel, and power production restrictuions
• Many cities stopped monitoring sulfur concentration
• Bottom city Guiyang, China • Top City Nice, France
Current LA Emissions vs. World EmissionsNOx
• 60 ug/m3 pre column
• Bottom city Kiev Ukraine • Top city Porto, Portugal
Current LA Emissions vs. World EmissionsO3
• 200(ug/M^3) pre column
• L.A O3 concentration
• Riverside O3 concentration
Current Monitors
• EPA – CO– NOx– SOx
– O3
– PM2.5
– PM10
– Lead – Facility monitoring
www.epa.gov/air/data/geosel.html
• AQMD
– Collaboration from multi-agencies
– Local
– National
– forecast maps
– current conditions
www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.fcsummary
Geography
L.A Ozone trend
Azusa Ozone trend
Upland Ozone trend
sixteen year projectionwith national standard
L.A Geography
Local Meteorology
• Initial stage
• Initial Mixing
• Development
• Stabilization
Initial Stage
• Stratified Atmosphere • Diminishing Land breeze• Start Valley breeze
LAX
WHIT
ANAH
ONT
8AM Time
Initial Mixing
• After morning traffic• Initial sea breeze
LAX
WHIT
ANAH
ONT
12PM
Development
• Marine Layer propagation• Max temperature contrast
LAX
WHIT
ANAH
ONT
3PM Time
Stabilization
• Marine Layer propagation• Return Flow
LAX
WHIT
ANAH
ONT
5PM Time
Effects
• Wind Speed
• Soil Moisture
• Temperatures
Soil Moisture
NGEs: Normalized gross errors, NG: normalized biases,
Soil Moisture
• Low Soil Moisture
• Destabilize BL
• Increase Mixing
• Decrease Pollutants Concentration
• High Soil Moisture
• Stabilize BL
• Decrease Mixing
• Increase Pollutants
Concentration
Soil Effect
Base Simulation15% Soil Moisture23% Soil Moisture
O3 Concentration
Geography
Hawthorne
• CO
• NOx
• SOx
• Reactive Organic Gases (ROG)
• Total Organic gas• PM2.5
• 486.6• 96.7• 15.9• 102.7
• 218.1• 26.3
Tons per day (2010) 1987
http://www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/fcemssumcat_query.php
• 9796• 889.5• 113.5
• 2429
Transport
Transport
Increasing secondary pollutants
Weekend Effect
Summary
• L.A air quality – Chemistry – Health effect– Historical trend – Compare to the
world – Future projection
• L.A meteorology – Dinural evolution – Effects of primary and
secondary pollutants– “ The Weekend Effect”