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Air Quality and Transport Study of the Los Angeles Basin
Bo Tan
M.S Student
Department of Atmospheric sciences
University of Nevada Reno – Desert Research Institute
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• CO
• NOx
• SOx
• Reactive Organic Gases (ROG)
• Total Organic gas• PM2.5
• 486.6• 96.7• 15.9• 102.7
• 218.1• 26.3
Tons per day (2010) 1987
http://www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/fcemssumcat_query.php
• 9796• 889.5• 113.5
• 2429
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Air Quality
• City Smog– Industrial Emission (point source)
VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds
SOx : Sulfur oxides
[Na2CO3(s)]: soda ash
– Exhaust Emission (mobile source) CO: Carbon Monoxide [NO2(g)]: Nitrogen oxides
[O3(g)]: Ozone
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VOC production
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Size Distribution
• Number of particles in Red • Area of particles in dashed lines • Volume of particles in dotted lines• Claremont, California, August 1987
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PM2.5
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Health Impact with PM2.5
• Sensitive Areas– Near freeway / high traffic area– Airport / harbor – Downwind from industry
• Sensitive Groups – Asthma / other lung diseases – Children / Older adults – Chronicle outdoor workers
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Don’t live near freeways!!
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2007 Statistics
• 6.5k premature death
• 1.3million school absence days
• 2.8million working days
• 1.7 million asthma patients
• 9000 hospitalized related to respiratory illness
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Los Angeles Air Quality Index
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2002 AQI
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Current LA Emissions vs. World EmissionsSOx 2002
• Data is in (ug/m^3), 150 ug/m^3 per column
• In many countries, the Sulfur content is highly restricted
• fuel, and power production restrictuions
• Many cities stopped monitoring sulfur concentration
• Bottom city Guiyang, China • Top City Nice, France
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Current LA Emissions vs. World EmissionsNOx
• 60 ug/m3 pre column
• Bottom city Kiev Ukraine • Top city Porto, Portugal
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Current LA Emissions vs. World EmissionsO3
• 200(ug/M^3) pre column
• L.A O3 concentration
• Riverside O3 concentration
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Current Monitors
• EPA – CO– NOx– SOx
– O3
– PM2.5
– PM10
– Lead – Facility monitoring
www.epa.gov/air/data/geosel.html
• AQMD
– Collaboration from multi-agencies
– Local
– National
– forecast maps
– current conditions
www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.fcsummary
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Geography
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L.A Ozone trend
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Azusa Ozone trend
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Upland Ozone trend
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sixteen year projectionwith national standard
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L.A Geography
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Local Meteorology
• Initial stage
• Initial Mixing
• Development
• Stabilization
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Initial Stage
• Stratified Atmosphere • Diminishing Land breeze• Start Valley breeze
LAX
WHIT
ANAH
ONT
8AM Time
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Initial Mixing
• After morning traffic• Initial sea breeze
LAX
WHIT
ANAH
ONT
12PM
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Development
• Marine Layer propagation• Max temperature contrast
LAX
WHIT
ANAH
ONT
3PM Time
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Stabilization
• Marine Layer propagation• Return Flow
LAX
WHIT
ANAH
ONT
5PM Time
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Effects
• Wind Speed
• Soil Moisture
• Temperatures
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Soil Moisture
NGEs: Normalized gross errors, NG: normalized biases,
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Soil Moisture
• Low Soil Moisture
• Destabilize BL
• Increase Mixing
• Decrease Pollutants Concentration
• High Soil Moisture
• Stabilize BL
• Decrease Mixing
• Increase Pollutants
Concentration
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Soil Effect
Base Simulation15% Soil Moisture23% Soil Moisture
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O3 Concentration
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Geography
Hawthorne
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• CO
• NOx
• SOx
• Reactive Organic Gases (ROG)
• Total Organic gas• PM2.5
• 486.6• 96.7• 15.9• 102.7
• 218.1• 26.3
Tons per day (2010) 1987
http://www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/fcemssumcat_query.php
• 9796• 889.5• 113.5
• 2429
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Transport
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Transport
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Increasing secondary pollutants
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Weekend Effect
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Summary
• L.A air quality – Chemistry – Health effect– Historical trend – Compare to the
world – Future projection
• L.A meteorology – Dinural evolution – Effects of primary and
secondary pollutants– “ The Weekend Effect”