1. Concussions A tutorial for teachers and parents about concussion awareness Jack Calhoun AET 545 July 14th, 2014 Professor Wyatt

2. Instructional Goals & Performance Objectives: Instructional Goals: After participating in this tutorial, Parents and teachers will 1. Understand what a concussion is and why recognizing them is so important 2. Learn the symptoms that are associated with concussion injuries 3. Learn what to do if you suspect a student/athlete has a concussion 4. Know when it is safe for a student athlete who suffered from a concussion to get back involved in sports Performance Objectives: - Given a 10 questions, multiple choice summative assessment, parents and teachers will be able to chose the correct answer with 90% accuracy. - Given a list of 20 symptoms, parents and teaches will be able to select all the symptoms that could suggest a student is suffering from a concussion. 3. Navigation: Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports To Navigate this tutorial, use these simple rules: - To go backwards, move the cursor to the lower left-hand corner of the window and use the back button - To go forward, also move the cursor to the lower left-hand corner of the window and use the next button or simply press the space bar - To navigates to different sections of this tutorial, use the navigation bar to the left 4. What is a Concussion? Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports 5. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports Why Is It Important To Recognize? Many sports-related concussions are never diagnosed because athletes may not recognize or report the symptoms of concussion Among people who are 15 to 24 years old, sports are second only to motor vehicle crashes as the leading cause of traumatic brain injury. Annually, 3.8 million children and adults in the United States experience a sports- related concussion Mayo Clinic, 2014 6. Checkpoint #1 Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports A concussion is a: A. type of traumatic brain injury (or TBI) caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. B. a brain bruise. C. loud sound heard from far away. Answer: A. type of traumatic brain injury (or TBI) caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. 7. How Can a Concussion Occur? Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports There are four main actions that cause a concussion: 1) Direct Impact to the Head 2) Impact to Head from Body Blow 3) Direct Impact Due to Fall 4) Indirect Impact 8. Direct Impact To Head Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports LeStage, 2013 9. Impact to Head from a Body Blow Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports LeStage, 2013 10. Direct Impact Due to a Fall Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports LeStage, 2013 11. Indirect Impact Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports LeStage, 2013 12. Are Concussions Common? Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports Integrated Bionics, 2014 13. Yes, Concussions are Common. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports Sports Helmet Senosrs, 2013 14. Checkpoint #2Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports When can concussions occur? A. Only when playing full contact sports. B. Only when the individual who was hit or jolted loses consciousness. C. In any organized or unorganized recreational sport or activity and most occur without loss of consciousness. Answer: C 15. So, What Are the Symptoms? Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports Active Living IWS, 2014 16. Think S.P.A.C.E. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports Hampshire County Schools, 2014 17. Checkpoint #3 Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports How do you identify a concussion? A. By looking at CT or MRI scans of an individuals brain. B. By watching for different types of signs or symptoms, such as a change in the athletes behavior, thinking, or physical functioning. C. Asking an athlete if they had their bell rung in the last hit. B 18. What You Should Do in the Case of a Concussion Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports Teachers: 1)Talk to the student to find out exactly how they are feeling. Ask them if they were injured recently during a game or practice. Record this information so you can share it with the nurse. 2) Call the nurse and notify her/him that you are sending a student down that is showing symptoms of a concussion. Give the nurse all the information that you have. 3) Send the student down to the nurses office. Make sure that the another student walks them down, to ensure that they get their safely. 19. Checkpoint #4 Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports If you suspect a student has a concussion, you should: a. Send them to the nurse b. Let them put their head down to rest c. Allow them to take out their cellphone and listen to music to calm down Correct Answer: A 20. If You Think Your Child Has a Concussion Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports Parents: 1)Talk to the student to find out exactly how they are feeling. Ask them if they were injured recently during a game or practice. Record this information so you can share it with the doctor. Make sure that you remove your student form any physical activities and that you take away their phone or any other devices they might be using, avoid loud noises, and over the counter medicine. 2) Seek medical attention immediately. The doctor will be able to exam your students condition and advice you of what needs to happen next. 3) Notify the school, your students teachers and their coaches about the injury. Make sure you do not allow your child to return to any physical activities before their brain has healed. 21. When Can YourStudent/Athlete Returnto Sports? Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports? 22. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports Check Point #5: When can an athlete return to play after a concussion? A. As soon as they are feeling better. B. After being evaluated by a health care professional. C. After being cleared by a health care professional and after a five step process in which the athletes activity level is slowly increased over a period of days, weeks, or months depending on the athletes response to the increasingly challenging activities. Answer: C 23. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports 24. Assess What You Have Learned Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports Summative Assessment Now that you have finished the tutorial, take this short 10 question exam to help assess your understanding of concussions. Answers will be given at the end of the assessment. 1). A concussion is a: A. type of traumatic brain injury (or TBI) caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. B. a brain bruise. C. loud sound heard from far away. 2). When can concussions occur? A. Only when playing full contact sports. B. Only when the individual who was hit or jolted loses consciousness. C. In any organized or unorganized recreational sport or activity and most occur without loss of consciousness. 25. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports 3). How do you identify a concussion? A. By looking at CT or MRI scans of an individuals brain. B. By watching for different types of signs or symptoms, such as a change in the athletes behavior, thinking, or physical functioning. C. Asking an athlete if they had their bell rung in the last hit. 4). Which of the following are signs of a concussion that you may identify? A. The athlete appears stunned, is unsure of the game, score, or opponent, is confused about their assignment or position, and is answering questions slowly. B. The athlete follows the rules for safety and the rules of the sport, practices good sportsmanship, and uses the proper equipment for the sport. C. The athlete looks pale, their tongue is white, and after gently pinching the skin, it does not immediately snap back into place. 5). Which of the following are symptoms of a concussion that an athlete may describe? A. The athlete complains of shoulder pain that radiates down the arm to a tingling feeling in the fingers. B. The athlete feels weak, tired, and has stopped sweating. C. The athlete states the lights hurt their eyes, they feel confused, not right, and complains of an odd headache with pressure in their head. 26. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports 6). If an athlete has had a previous concussion they: A. are more likely to sustain another concussion, especially if the first concussion has not had time to heal. B. will never have another concussion. C. will not sustain another concussion from a similar blow or jolt. 7). What is the first thing you should do when a student/athlete has sustained a bump or blow to the head or body and isnt acting right? A. Immediately rush an athlete to the hospitaleven if none of the Danger Signs are present. B. Allow the athlete to finish out the quarter/period/half, etc. and then take the athlete for a medical examination. C. Remove the athlete from play and look for signs or symptoms of a concussioneven those that may appear hours later. 8). Which of the following would be considered Danger Signs of a severe concussion and require rushing an athlete to the emergency department immediately? A. The athlete seems slightly off balance, complains of a headache, did not lose consciousness, but just isnt feeling right. B. The athlete lost consciousness, has slightly slurred speech, and seems to become increasing more confused and restless. C. The athlete complains of a headache and appears slightly dazed or stunned. 27. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports 9). When can an athlete return to play after a concussion? A. As soon as they are feeling better. B. After being evaluated by a health care professional. C. After being cleared by a health care professional and after a five step process in which the athletes activity level is slowly increased over a period of days, weeks, or months depending on the athletes response to the increasingly challenging activities. 10). How can you help prevent concussions? A. By ensuring that all athletes wear properly fitted gear, play with good sportsmanship at all times, and obey the rules of safety. B. By working with parents, athletes, and school and club administrators to spread awareness about concussions all year: pre-season, during the season, and post season. C. Both A and B. 28. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports What are the symptoms of a concussion? Below is a list of 20 different symptoms. Select the symptoms that are connected to a concussion injury. 1. Blank stare 2. Slurred speech 3. Sudden bursts of energy 4. Stomach 5. Double Visions 6. Confusion 7. Slow to answers questions 8. Easily Distracted 9. Dizzy 10.Sharp pains in the neck 11. Limbs start to tingle 12. Nausea 13. Strange or inappropriate emotions 14. Glassy eyes 15. See stars of flashing lights 16. Red eyes 17. Ringing in ears 18. Loss of Vision 19. Bloody Nose 20. Very focused gaze 29. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports Summative Assessment Answers Now, lets check how you did! Answers in red are correct. 1). A concussion is a: A. type of traumatic brain injury (or TBI) caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. B. a brain bruise. C. loud sound heard from far away. 2). When can concussions occur? A. Only when playing full contact sports. B. Only when the individual who was hit or jolted loses consciousness. C. In any organized or unorganized recreational sport or activity and most occur without loss of consciousness. 30. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports 3). How do you identify a concussion? A. By looking at CT or MRI scans of an individuals brain. B. By watching for different types of signs or symptoms, such as a change in the athletes behavior, thinking, or physical functioning. C. Asking an athlete if they had their bell rung in the last hit. 4). Which of the following are signs of a concussion that you may identify? A. The athlete appears stunned, is unsure of the game, score, or opponent, is confused about their assignment or position, and is answering questions slowly. B. The athlete follows the rules for safety and the rules of the sport, practices good sportsmanship, and uses the proper equipment for the sport. C. The athlete looks pale, their tongue is white, and after gently pinching the skin, it does not immediately snap back into place. 5). Which of the following are symptoms of a concussion that an athlete may describe? A. The athlete complains of shoulder pain that radiates down the arm to a tingling feeling in the fingers. B. The athlete feels weak, tired, and has stopped sweating. C. The athlete states the lights hurt their eyes, they feel confused, not right, and complains of an odd headache with pressure in their head. 31. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports 6). If an athlete has had a previous concussion they: A. are more likely to sustain another concussion, especially if the first concussion has not had time to heal. B. will never have another concussion. C. will not sustain another concussion from a similar blow or jolt. 7). What is the first thing you should do when an athlete has sustained a bump or blow to the head or body and isnt acting right? A. Immediately rush an athlete to the hospitaleven if none of the Danger Signs are present. B. Allow the athlete to finish out the quarter/period/half, etc. and then take the athlete for a medical examination. C. Remove the athlete from play and look for signs or symptoms of a concussioneven those that may appear hours later. 8). Which of the following would be considered Danger Signs of a severe concussion and require rushing an athlete to the emergency department immediately? A. The athlete seems slightly off balance, complains of a headache, did not lose consciousness, but just isnt feeling right. B. The athlete lost consciousness, has slightly slurred speech, and seems to become increasing more confused and restless. C. The athlete complains of a headache and appears slightly dazed or stunned. 32. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports 9). When can an athlete return to play after a concussion? A. As soon as they are feeling better. B. After being evaluated by a health care professional. C. After being cleared by a health care professional and after a five step process in which the athletes activity level is slowly increased over a period of days, weeks, or months depending on the athletes response to the increasingly challenging activities. 10). How can you help prevent concussions? A. By ensuring that all athletes wear properly fitted gear, play with good sportsmanship at all times, and obey the rules of safety. B. By working with parents, athletes, and school and club administrators to spread awareness about concussions all year: pre-season, during the season, and post season. C. Both A and B. All test questions from the Center for Disease Control, 2014 33. Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports What are the symptoms of a concussion? Below is a list of 20 different symptoms. Select the symptoms that are connected to a concussion injury. 1. Blank stare 2. Slurred speech 3. Sudden bursts of energy 4. Stomach 5. Double Visions 6. Confusion 7. Slow to answers questions 8. Easily Distracted 9. Dizzy 10.Sharp pains in the neck 11. Limbs start to tingle 12. Nausea 13. Strange or inappropriate emotions 14. Glassy eyes 15. See stars of flashing lights 16. Red eyes 17. Ringing in ears 18. Loss of Vision 19. Bloody Nose 20. Very focused gaze 34. References Home What is a Concussion? Symptoms Assess What You Have Learned What Causes Concussions? What You Should Do In Case of a Concussion When to Return to Sports Active Living IWS. (2014). Concussion Awareness. Retrieved from http:// activeliving.westernsurg.com/archives/1304 Center of Disease Control. (2014). Concussion Quiz. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/ concussion Hampshire County Schools. (2014). SPACE. Retrieved from http://boe.hamp.k12.wv.us/index.aspx?NID=510 Integrated Bionics. (2014) Concussion facts. Retrieved from http://www.integratedbionics.com/concussion-in-youth-sports/ LeStage, M. (2013) How a concussion occurs. Retrieved from http://www.articulate.com/blog/coaching-association-canada-uses-e-learning- stem-sports-concussions/ Mayo Clinic. (2014). Concussions: determining when the brain has recovered. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/medical- professionals/clinical-updates/neurosciences/ concussion-determining-when- brain-recovered North Carolina Health News. (2014) What is a concussion. Retrieved from http:// www.northcarolinahealthnews.org/2013/03/13/first-line-of-defense-playing- it- safe-with-concussions/ Sports Helmet Sensors. (2014). Friday night lights (out). Retrieved from https:// www.theshockbox.com/community/blog/helmet-sensors-for-concussion- management-statistics-on-concussion/