aerial survey and mapping systems productivity analysis
TRANSCRIPT
Aerial survey and mapping systems
Productivity analysis
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The A3 family ofAerial Survey and Mapping Systems
Aerial Survey Digital
Frame Camera Ground Processing System
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A3 & A3 EDGE Digital Rotating Frame Cameras
A3 EDGE A3 Camera type35 35 Total Weight (kg)
53*53*53 53*53*53 Size (cm)
10 10 Camera installation time (min)
111.28 109.62 Max FOV (deg)80,500 * 10,200 60,000 * 8,000 Max Footprint (pix)
780 460 Max SLF size (pix)5.5 9.0 Pixel size (micron)300 300 Focal lengths (mm)
RGB / RGB+CIR RGB / RGB+CIR Color 12 12 Color depth (bit)
Forward, Roll, Vibration
(FMC,RMC,VC)
Forward, Roll, Vibration
(FMC,RMC,VC) Motion Compensation
8 - 9 6 - 8On-board storage capacity for continues acquisition (hours)
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Visionmap A3 Differentiators
The highest productivity in Aerial Survey
and Processing
Vertical and Oblique images in one flight
by single camera
Fully automatic Orthophoto production
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Three types of aircraft installation
Three types of aerial survey
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Aircraft installation
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Vertical Flight Scheme
Orthophoto areaOrthophoto area
2α
Wo
Q1
W1s/W2s
Dv
Qp
2α
FOV FOV
FOV - full coverage angle2α – permissible orthophoto angleW1s/W2s – sweep/photo coverage width Wo – orthophoto widthQ1 – orthophoto side overlapQp – side sweep/photo coverage overlapDo – flight lines distance
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Two-side Oblique Flight Scheme
Oblique coverage
βmax
Q2W2o
βmin
Rmax
Rmin
Oblique coverage
Lmin
LmaxLmax
Lmin
Do
βmax - oblique max. angle βmin - oblique min. angleQ2 - side oblique overlapRmax - max. oblique footprintRmin - min. oblique footprintLmax - max. oblique distanceLmin - min. oblique distanceW2o - oblique coverage widthDo - oblique flight lines distance
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One-side Oblique Flight Scheme
Oblique coverage
βmax
Q2
W2o
βmin
Rmax
Rmin
Oblique coverage
Lmax
Lmin
Do
βmax - oblique max. angle βmin - oblique min. angleQ2 - side oblique overlapRmax - max. oblique footprintRmin - min. oblique footprintLmax - max. oblique distanceLmin - min. oblique distanceW2o - oblique coverage widthDo - oblique flight lines distance
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Parameters of different cameras
Digital cameras Analog cameras
ParametersA3
EDGEA3
EAGLE 210
EAGLE 80
DMCII 250
UC-XpDMCII
230 UC-X
DMCII 140
UC-Xp wa
DMC UC-L ADS80 DSSRC-30
150RC-30
300
Focus (mm) 300 300 210 80 112 100 92 100 92 70 120 70 62.77 60 150 300
Pixel Size / Scan resolution (µ) 7.0* 9.0 5.2 5.2 5.6 6 5.6 7.2 7.2 6 12 7.2 6.5 6.8 15 15
Max frame size cross track (pix) 80,488 60,000 20,010 20,010 17,216 17,310 15,104 14,400 12,096 17,310 13,824 9,735 12,000 7,216 15,000 15,000
Frame size along track (pix) 10,172 8,000 13,080 13,080 14,656 11,310 14,400 9,400 11,200 11,310 7,680 6,588 ∞ 5,412 15,000 15,000
Frame area size (Mpix) 781 328 262 262 252 196 217 135 135 196 106 64 - 39 225 225
Max FOV across track (deg) 111.28 109.62 27.8 66.1 46.6 54.9 49.4 54.8 50.7 73.1 69.3 53.2 63.7 44.5 73.7 41.1
FOV along track (deg) 13.26 13.47 18.4 46.1 40.2 37.5 47.3 37.4 47.3 51.7 42.0 37.4 42.6 34.1 73.7 41.1
FPS (frame/sec) 4.80 7.40 0.56 0.56 0.59 0.74 0.59 0.74 0.50 0.50 0.48 0.40 - 0.36 - -
Comments:1. Technical parameters of the cameras are taken from open internet sources;2. A3 EDGE - sub-pixel binning from 5.5 um
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Flight planning elements for A3
Orthophoto areaOrthophoto area
2α
Wo
Q1
W1s
Dv
Qp
2α
FOV FOV
FOV – field of view2α – allowable orthophoto angleW1s – one strip image coverage (SLF/sweep width)Wo – one strip orthophoto coverageQ1 – side overlap (~10%) between orthophotocoverages from adjacent stripsQp – side overlap between adjacent strips(~60%)Dv – flight lines distance
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Aerial survey productivity comparison
Comments:1. Calculations for different cameras have been made with technical parameters of the cameras published in open internet sources;
3 5 10 15 20 25 300
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000A3 EDGEA3EAGLE 210DMCII 250RC-30 300 UC-XpDMCII 230EAGLE 80 UC-XDMCII 140 UC-Xp waDMCRC-30 150UC-LADS80DSS
GSD (cm)
Aeri
al surv
ey p
roducti
vit
y (
sq.k
m/h
our)
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Aerial survey productivity comparison
Comments:1. Calculations for different cameras have been made with technical parameters of the cameras published in open internet sources;2. Image acquisition productivity depends on different camera and flight parameters – flight altitude, ground speed, camera FOV,
permissible orthophoto angle, minimal allowable forward and side overlap.3. These calculations are based on the following assumptions:
• Same ground resolution for all the cameras,• Same ground speed for all the cameras if there is no special speed limitations for the camera mentioned by the camera
manufacturer,• Minimal side overlap for A3 camera is 60%. Minimal side overlap for other cameras is 20%,• Same or less permissible orthophoto angle. Less – when the side overlap is getting less then 20%.
Ortho Angle (deg)
GSD (cm)
A3 EDGE A3 EAGL
E 210DMCII
250RC-30
300 UC-Xp DMCII
230EAGLE
80 UC-X DMCII
140 UC-Xp
waDMC RC-30
150 UC-L ADS80 DSS
Aerial Survey Productivity (sq.km/hour)
15 3 107 70 90 44 44 37 37 34 31 28 26 22 22 14 12 11
20 5 257 176 226 112 112 93 92 86 78 71 65 56 56 54 54 38
40 10 1,163 849 607 538 466 448 442 414 374 344 314 269 269 261 260 160
45 15 2,295 1,692 1,128 999 865 947 865 874 789 691 663 568 568 553 549 417
50 20 3,776 2,850 1,648 1,460 1,265 1,419 1,265 1,439 1,182 1,010 1,091 935 935 808 903 592
55 25 6,193 4,700 2,421 2,145 1,858 2,136 1,858 2,360 1,737 1,483 1,7901,53
41,534
1,187
1,481 895
60 30 9,350 7,121 3,296 2,920 2,530 2,907 2,530 3,351 2,422 2,019 2,7022,31
62,316
1,615
2,0171,21
9
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Footprint
2**)2/( HFOVTgL
Comments:1. Calculations for different cameras have been made with technical parameters of the cameras published in open internet sources;
3 5 10 15 20 25 300
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000Footprint
A3 EDGEA3EAGLE 210EAGLE 80 UC-Xp UC-Xp waDMCII 250DMCII 230RC-30 150RC-30 300 UC-XDMCDMCII 140ADS80UC-LDSS
Ground resolution (cm)
Footp
rint
(m)
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Footprint
GSD(cm)
A3 EDGE A3 EAGLE
210EAGLE
80 UC-Xp UC-Xp wa
DMCII 250
DMCII 230
RC-30 150
RC-30 300 UC-X DMC DMCII
140 ADS80 UC-L DSS
Footprint (m)
3 761 590 600 600 519 519 516 453 450 450 432 415 363 360 292 216
5 1,703 1,322 1,001 1,001 866 866 861 755 750 750 720 691 605 600 487 361
10 7,059 5,569 2,001 2,001 1,731 1,731 1,722 1,510 1,500 1,500 1,440 1,382 1,210 1,200 974 722
15 11,881 9,351 3,002 3,002 2,597 2,597 2,582 2,266 2,250 2,250 2,160 2,074 1,814 1,800 1,460 1,082
20 18,286 14,009 4,002 4,002 3,462 3,462 3,443 3,021 3,000 3,000 2,880 2,765 2,419 2,400 1,947 1,443
25 25,419 19,451 5,003 5,003 4,328 4,328 4,304 3,776 3,750 3,750 3,600 3,456 3,024 3,000 2,434 1,804
30 33,887 25,957 6,003 6,003 5,193 5,193 5,165 4,531 4,500 4,500 4,320 4,147 3,629 3,600 2,921 2,165
2**)2/( HFOVTgL
Comments:1. Calculations for different cameras have been made with technical parameters of the cameras published in open internet sources;
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Distance between flight lines
Comments:1. Calculations for different cameras have been made with technical parameters of the cameras published in open internet sources;
3 5 10 15 20 25 300
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000Distance between flight lines
A3 EDGEA3EAGLE 210DMCII 250RC-30 300 UC-XpDMCII 230EAGLE 80 UC-XDMCII 140 UC-Xp waRC-30 150DMCUC-LADS80DSS
Ground resolution (cm)
Dis
tance
betw
een fl
ight
lines (
km
)
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Distance between flight lines
GSD(cm)
A3 EDGE A3 EAGLE
210DMCII
250RC-30
300 UC-Xp DMCII 230
EAGLE 80 UC-X DMCII
140 UC-
Xp waRC-30
150 DMC UC-L ADS80 DSS
Distance between flight lines (m)
3 303 237 287 142 142 118 117 109 99 91 83 71 71 69 69 63
5 676 529 641 317 317 264 261 244 220 203 185 159 159 154 153 140
10 2,792 2,184 1,479 1,310 1,135 1,092 1,076 1,008 910 837 764 655 655 637 633 547
15 4,766 3,728 2,218 1,965 1,703 1,864 1,703 1,721 1,553 1,359 1,305 1,118 1,118 1,087 1,080 820
20 7,154 5,596 2,958 2,621 2,270 2,547 2,270 2,583 2,122 1,812 1,958 1,679 1,679 1,450 1,621 1,063
25 9,982 7,809 3,697 3,276 2,838 3,261 2,838 3,604 2,653 2,265 2,733 2,342 2,342 1,812 2,262 1,367
30 13,286 10,392 4,437 3,931 3,405 3,913 3,405 4,511 3,261 2,718 3,637 3,118 3,118 2,175 2,715 1,641
Comments:1. Calculations for different cameras have been made with technical parameters of the cameras published in open internet sources;2. Distance between flight lines depends on different camera and flight parameters – flight altitude, camera FOV, permissible
orthophoto angle, minimal permissible forward and side overlap.3. These calculations are based on the following assumptions:
• Same ground resolution for all the cameras,• Same ground speed for all the cameras if there is no special speed limitations for the camera mentioned by the camera
manufacturer,• Minimal side overlap for A3 camera is 60%. Minimal side overlap for other cameras is 20%,• Same or less permissible orthophoto angle. Less – when the side overlap is getting less then 20%.
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A3 EDGE SLF – Super Large Frame
FlightDirection
Single Frame
Super Large Frame – up to 780 Mpix
Lenses Sweep
Movement
Double Frame
Smooth sweep movement;
Up to 31 double frames per sweep;
Along strip overlap between frames 2%;
Cross strip overlap between frames 25%;
Forward overlap between two sweeps – determinable
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Frame area
Comments:1. Calculations for different cameras have been made with technical parameters of the cameras published in open internet sources;
3 5 10 15 20 25 300.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00Frame area for stereo vectorization
A3 EDGEA3EAGLE 210EAGLE 80DMCII 250RC-30 150RC-30 300DMCII 230 UC-Xp UC-Xp waDMCII 140 UC-XDMCUC-LADS80DSS
Ground resolution (cm)
Fra
me a
rea (
sq.k
m)
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Frame area
GSD (cm)
A3 EDGE A3 EAGLE
210EAGLE
80DMCII
250RC-30
150RC-30
300DMCII
230 UC-Xp UC-Xp wa
DMCII 140 UC-X DMC UC-L ADS80 DSS
Frame area (sq.km)
3 0.23 0.14 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.06 0.08 0.04
5 0.88 0.54 0.65 0.65 0.63 0.56 0.56 0.54 0.49 0.49 0.34 0.34 0.27 0.16 0.23 0.10
10 8.11 5.04 2.62 2.62 2.52 2.25 2.25 2.17 1.96 1.96 1.35 1.35 1.06 0.64 0.90 0.39
15 21.08 13.06 5.89 5.89 5.68 5.06 5.06 4.89 4.40 4.40 3.05 3.05 2.39 1.44 2.03 0.88
20 45.12 26.98 10.47 10.47 10.09 9.00 9.00 8.70 7.83 7.83 5.42 5.41 4.25 2.57 3.61 1.56
25 81.29 48.48 16.36 16.36 15.77 14.06 14.06 13.59 12.24 12.24 8.47 8.46 6.64 4.01 5.65 2.44
30 135.34 80.74 23.56 23.56 22.71 20.25 20.25 19.57 17.62 17.62 12.19 12.18 9.56 5.77 8.13 3.51
Comments:1. Calculations for different cameras have been made with technical parameters of the cameras published in open internet sources;2. Frame area depends on different camera and flight parameters – flight altitude, camera FOV, permissible orthophoto angle,
minimal permissible forward and side overlap.3. These calculations are based on the following assumptions:
• Same ground resolution for all the cameras,• Same ground speed for all the cameras if there is no special speed limitations for the camera mentioned by the camera
manufacturer,• Minimal side overlap for A3 camera is 60%. Minimal side overlap for other cameras is 20%,• Same or less permissible orthophoto angle. Less – when the side overlap is getting less then 20%.
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Summary - A3 / A3 EDGE aerial survey productivity
Orthophoto GSD (cm) 3 5 10 15 20 25 30
A3
Flight Altitude (m) 1,000 1,667 3,333 5,000 6,667 8,333 10,000
Ground speed (km/hour) 296 333 389 454 509 602 685
Distance between flight lines (m) 237 529 2,184 3,728 5,596 7,809 10,392
Aerial survey productivity (sq.km/hour)
70 176 849 1,692 2,850 4,700 7,121
A3 EDGE
Flight Altitude (m) 1,278 2,131 4,261 6,392 8,52310,65
312,784
Ground speed (km/hour) 352 380 417 482 528 620 704
Distance between flight lines (m) 303 676 2,792 4,766 7,154 9,982 13,286
Aerial survey productivity (sq.km/hour)
107 257 1,163 2,295 3,776 6,193 9,350
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A3 Light Speed Ground processing system
• A3 DataViewer – a viewer for aerial
survey data, images, data processing,
reports, absolute orientation, analysis
and export.
• A3 Light Speed (Processing and
Control Center) - an application for
cluster management and end-to-end
ground processing:
• Aerial triangulation,
• DSM creation,
• Orthophoto production.
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Visionmap A3 End-to-end workflow
Aerial survey,
Imagery downloading,
GPS processing is executed by GrafNav program,
Aerial triangulation including matching and bundle block adjustment with self
calibration,
DSM creation,
DSM to DTM filtering currently is executed by third party programs,
Orthophoto creation with automatic cut-lines and radiometric adjustment.
There is a built-in graph editor for cut-lines editing.
Optional:
- Export – single images, SLFs, DSM.
- Import – exterior DTM, vector layers, GPS, GCP.
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A3 Light Speed Final mapping products
Vertical and Oblique photogrammetrically
oriented images,
SLFs – super large photogrammetrically oriented
frames for stereo compilation,
DSM – digital surface model,
Orthophoto.
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A3 Light Speed Orthophoto processing productivity
Orthophoto GSD (cm) 3 5 10 15 20 25 30
A3 EDGE aerial survey productivity (sq.km/hour) 107 257 1,163 2,295 3,776 6,193 9,350
A3 Light Speed orthophoto processing productivity (sq.km/24 hours)
90 250 1,000 2,250 4,000 6,250 9,000
Comments:
1. Processing productivity is calculated for a fully automatic A3 processing not including DSM calculation and common manual processes like cut-line editing and QA.
2. Processing productivity is calculated for the A3 Light Speed standard cluster, optimal aerial survey parameters and assumes parallel processing of several projects.
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Spain
S = 504,030 sq.km;
Lwe ~ 850 km;Lsn ~ 850 km;
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Aircrafts for Nation wide Mapping projects with A3 EDGE
AircraftServiceCeiling
(m)
Cruise Speed(km/h)
RecommendedFlight Altitude
(m)
OrthoGSD (cm)
Learjet 25D 13,715 859 12,784 30
King Air B200 10,700 536 10,653 25
Cessna 421 9,205 444 8,523 20
Cessna 402 8,600 394 8,523 20
Aero Commander 685 8,000 412 7,670 18
Cessna 404 Titan 7,925 303 7,670 18
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Mapping of Spain with A3 EDGE & A3 LightSpeed
AircraftOrthoGSD(cm)
Distance between
Flight Lines (m)
Number of Flight
lines
Aerial Survey Productivity(sq.km/hour)
Processing Productivity (sq.km/day)
Total Aerial Survey
Time (day)
Total Processing time (day)
Learjet 25D 30 11,979 54 10,294 9,000 10 56
King Air B200 25 9,982 64 5,343 6,250 17 81
Cessna 421 20 7,986 80 3,550 4,000 26 126
Cessna 402 20 7,986 80 3,150 4,000 29 126
Aero Commander 685 18 7,187 89 2,955 3,300 31 153
Cessna 404 Titan 18 7,187 89 2,183 3,300 41 153
Comments:1. For these calculations the mapping area is presented as a rectangle of size 800 km x 630 km = 504,000 sq.km;2. Permissible orthophoto angle – 55 degrees;3. Forward overlap – 50 - 55%; Side overlap – 58 - 68%;4. Aerial survey day – 6 hours;5. Aerial survey time per one A3 EDGE camera including time for turns (5 min) between flight lines;6. Processing time is calculated per one standard A3 LightSpeed processing system supplied by VM;7. Processing time does not include DTM creation and manual processes like QA;
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Camera’s Productivity Comparison
Comments:1. Permissible orthophoto angle – not more than 55 degrees;2. Side overlap – not less than 20%;3. Calculations are made for the flight with Ground Speed = 289 knots (535 km/hour) and GSD=25 cm;
Parameters A3 EDGE A3EAGLE
210EAGLE
80DMCII
250 UC-Xp
DMCII 230
RMK TOP 300
UC-Xp wa
UC-X DMCRMK TOP 150
DMCII 140
ADS80
GSD (m) 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
Ground speed (knot) 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289
Allowable orthophoto angle (deg)
55 55 23 55 40 47 42 35 55 46 55 55 43 55
Flight altitude (m) 10,653 8,333 10,096 3,846 5,000 4,167 4,107 5,000 2,917 3,472 2,500 2,500 3,194 2,414
Forward overlap (calculated, %)
55 55 92 92 93 93 93 60 89 91 84 60 89 -
Side overlap (calculated, %)
68 67 22 24 20 20 21 20 33 22 28 34 21 20
Frame area (sq. km) 108.10 63.51 16.36 16.36 15.77 12.24 13.59 14.06 12.24 8.46 6.64 14.06 8.47 5.65
Flight Lines Distance (m) 9,982 7,809 3,697 3,604 3,276 3,261 2,838 2,838 2,733 2,653 2,342 2,342 2,265 2,262
Aerial Survey Productivity (sq.km/hour) 5,343 4,179 2,089 2,036 1,851 1,842 1,603 1,603 1,544 1,499 1,323 1,323 1,280 1,278
Productivity Comparison (%)
100 78 39 38 35 34 30 30 29 28 25 25 24 24
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Camera’s Productivity Comparison
Comments:1. Permissible orthophoto angle – not more than 55 degrees;2. Side overlap – not less than 20%;3. Calculations are made for the flight with Ground Speed = 289 knots (535 km/hour) and GSD=25 cm;
A3 ED
GE A3
EAGLE
210
EAGLE
80
DMCII 25
0
UC-X
p
DMCII 23
0
RMK TOP
300
UC-X
p wa
UC-X
DMC
RMK TOP
150
DMCII 14
0
ADS80
UC-LDSS
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
Aerial Survey Productivity
A3 EDGE
A3
EAGLE 210
EAGLE 80
DMCII 250
UC-Xp
DMCII 230
RMK TOP 300
UC-Xp wa
UC-X
DMC
RMK TOP 150
DMCII 140
ADS80
UC-L
DSSAeri
al Surv
ey P
roducti
vit
y (
sq.k
m/h
our)
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Aerial triangulation accuracies
RMSEDz (m)
RMSE Dy (m)
RMSEDx (m) GCP/ChP GPS GSD (cm) Alt. (m) Alt.(feet) Strips Flight Mission
0.04 0.05 0.04 0/99 DGPS 10 3,300 11,000 3 * 2 Bel A306
0.03 0.03 0.02 9/90 DGPS 10 3,300 11,000 3 * 2 Bel A306
0.20 0.06 0.06 0/95 DGPS 10 3,300 11,000 3 Bel A307
0.05 0.03 0.02 4/91 DGPS 10 3,300 11,000 3 Bel A307
0.22 0.09 0.13 0/68 PPP 7.5 2,500 8,200 6 USA A313
0.07 0.09 0.06 4/64 PPP 7.5 2,500 8,200 6 USA A313
0.49 0.15 0.28 0/68 PPP 15 5,000 16,400 3 USA A310
0.17 0.14 0.11 4/64 PPP 15 5,000 16,400 3 USA A310
0.53 0.30 0.20 0/76 PPP 15 5,100 16,700 10 * 6 RUS A311
Comments:1. PPP – Precise Point Positioning GPS processing (without ground reference stations)2. DGPS – Differential GPS processing (with ground reference stations)3. GCP (Ground Control Points) = 0 – adjustment without GCPs (only GPS)4. ChP (Check Points) – GCPs are not participated in the adjustment.5. All 4 first were flown on test-fields with signalized GCPs. RUSA311 mission was checked with natural GCPs.6. Strips examples : 3 – three parallel strips; 3*2 - three parallel and 2 cross strips.
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Conclusion 1 – A3 camera
Substantial cost reduction in aerial survey
● Easy to use
● Very high aerial survey productivity
● Pre-flight preparation time – 10 minutes
● Flight time reduction
● Maximal utilization of good weather
● Very effective aerial survey in urban areas with high
GSD
● Vertical and oblique images in one flight by single
camera in the same time
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Conclusion 2 – A3 processing
Substantial cost reduction in processing
● Very high processing productivity● Fully automatic triangulation, DSM, orthophoto and
mosaic of very large blocks● End-to-end workflow in one software solution● Multiple projects parallel processing
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Conclusion 3 – A3 SLF
A3 SLF area up to 6 times larger than the frame
area of other cameras
A3 SLF is very useful for large area stereo-
compilation, monitoring and photo-interpretation
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Conclusion 4 – A3 Accuracy
A3 system enables PPP or DGPS processing
utilization
A3 system ensures high photogrammetric accuracy
with or without GCPs
A3 system does not need IMU
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Thank you for your attention !
www.visionmap.comVisionmap video on YouTube:
1. A3 Digital Mapping System - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDmwSKj38Jw&feature=related
2. A3 Automatic Processing System - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljWjgoezxsk&feature=related
The information contained in this publication is provided for general guidance only and forms no part of the contract and shall not in any circumstances constitute a trade description. The Company reserves the right to change or amend specification without prior notice.