Advantage Through TechnologyAdvantage Through Technology

Preliminary Ontological Structure for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Michael D. Moskal II & William C. Hughes

Outline

• Existing ontologies• Class definitions– Platform Qualities– Sensor Qualities

• Ontology Overview• Potential Applications• Extensions and Future Work

Objective: Develop an extensible ontology to classify and maintain a list of features for unmanned aerial vehicles

Existing Ontologies

3

Preece, A., An Ontology-Based Approach to Assigning Sensor Tasks. 2007.

Benjamin Schumann, J.S., Hans Fangohr, Mario Ferraro, A Generic Unifying Ontology for Civil Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Missions, 2012, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

• Matches sensors to task for ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) Missions• Very limited scope and focuses

heavily on sensor capabilities

Platform Selection

4

MQ-1 Predator MQ-1C Grey Eagle RQ-4 Global Hawk RQ-5 Hunter

RQ-11 Raven RQ-170 Sentinel QF-4 Phantom ScanEagle

MQ-9 Reaper CQ-10 Snowgoose MQ-8 Fire Scout K-Max

Platform Qualities

5

• Designed Platform Quality• Endurance• Flight Envelope• Fuel Capacity• Equipment Mount Location

• Belly Mount• Custom• Nose• Wing

• Operating Height• Payload Capacity• Signatures

• Infrared• Noise• Optical• Radar

• Stealth Operating Height• Takeoff/Landing Procedure• Velocity

• Standard Cruising Velocity• Maximum Safe Operating

Velocity

• Effective Platform Quality• Effective Endurance• Effective Flight Envelope• Effective Operating Height• Effective Payload Capacity• Effective Signatures

• Effective Infrared• Effective Noise• Effective Optical• Effective Radar

• Effective Velocity• Effective Standard Cruising

Velocity• Effective Maximum Safe

Operating Velocity

Equipment

6

• Equipment• Communication Device

• Radio• Fiber Optics• Laser

• Dispensable Equipment• Fire Suppressant • Kinetic Weapon• Pesticide

• Navigation Device• Inertial Navigation• LORAN C• NAVSTAR GPS• Radio Tracking• TACAN• Way-Point Navigation

• Non-Dispensable Equipment• Public Address System• Radar Confusion• Sensor• Storage

• Sensor Quality• Range of Vision• Mode

• Image Processing• IR Processing• Video Processing

• Horizontal Rotation• Lens Zoom• Mount Placement• Vertical Rotation• Weight

Ontology Rules

• Platform Rules• Platform prescribes some Design Quality• Platform has_quality some Effective Quality• Platform has_equipment exactly 1 Navigation Device• Platform has_equipment exactly 1 Communication Device• Platform has_equipment some (Dispensable Equipment or Non-Dispensable

Equipment)

• Logic Rules• has_equipement Kinetic Weapon Equivalent To High Speed Attack UAV• High Speed Attack UAV Equivalent To has_function High Speed Attack

7

Snapshot of Ontology

8

Property Domain Range

Has_equipment Platform Equipment

Has_function Platform Function

Has_mode Sensor Mode

Has_quality - Effective Quality

Has_task Mission Task

Prescribes - Design Quality

Project Architecture

9

Routing

(0,4) (1,4) (2,4) (3,4) (4,4)

(0,3) (1,3) (2,3) (3,3 (4,3)

(0,2) (1,2) (2,2) (3,2) (4,2)

(0,1) (1,1) (2,1) (3,1) (4,1)

(0,0) (1,0) (2,0) (3,0) (4,0)

UAV Area of OperationSTART

END

Macro grid (3,2)

0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5

0.4 0.1 0.7 0.1

0.6 0.4 0.7 0.4

0.3 0.8 0.2 0.1

Ingress Edge from (3,3)

Egress Edge to (3,1)

10

Mission Readiness Tool

• Given a fleet of UAVs, a mission planner can efficiently task platforms for missions– Mission readiness can be quantified based on platform and equipment

availability– Selected platform data can be sent to operators and optimization

suites

11

Routing Sensor Tasking Bandwidth Optimization

• Platform Quality• Endurance• Flight Envelope• Fuel Capacity• Operating Height• Stealth Operating Height• Takeoff/Landing Procedure• Velocity

• Standard Cruising Velocity

• Maximum Safe Operating Velocity

• Sensor Quality• Range of Vision• Mode

• Image Processing• IR Processing• Video Processing

• Horizontal Rotation• Lens Zoom• Mount Placement• Vertical Rotation

• Radio Quality• Band Name (Frequency)

Extensions and Future Work

12

• Develop missions and tasks• Expand the ontology to include civilian domain platforms

– Add more detail to existing classes, more equipment properties

• Develop a tool to query feasible platforms for flight craft– SPARQL queries linking the ontology to a user interface

Questions?

13