adrian hilton climate change and climate change adaptation possible interventions? north east...
TRANSCRIPT
Adrian Hilton
Climate Change and Climate Change AdaptationPossible Interventions?
North East Domestic Energy Forum
Regional Climate Change Co-ordinator
Adrian.hilton@northeastassembly
0191 4978451
Increasing scientific concern:
“There is no bigger problem than climate change. The threat is quite simple, it’s a threat to our civilization”.
Professor Sir David King: the Government's Chief Scientific Adviser and Head of the Office of Science and Technology
Increasing urgency:
“There is still time to avoid the worst impacts of climate change if strong collective action starts now” Sir Nicholas Stern, Head of the Government Economics Service and Adviser to the Government on the economics of climate change and development
IPCC: INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
“Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global mean sea level (see Figure SPM-3). {3.2, 4.2, 5.5}”
What is Climate Change Adaptation?
measures to moderate and cope with climate change impacts
not a one-off activity, but a continuous and incremental set of activities.
Adaptation
Physical actions e.g:
raising the height of sea defences
Increasing ventilation / cooling in buildings
Building ‘Adaptive Capacity’ e.g:
Raising awareness of impacts
Integrating CC into continuity planning & risk mgt
Tools / context etc for decision makers
Why do we need Adaptation?
Climate change is already happening
Stopping GHGs today will not prevent it
CC over next 30-50 yrs due to historic emissions
Adaptation
‘Resilience’ component:
Impacts assessed
Adaptive actions identified & prioritised
Actions implemented
Adaptation
‘vulnerability threshold’ raised
Improved business continuity
Significant risk aversion
Improved public perception
Reduced future costs / liabilities
Improved ‘Adaptive Capacity’
Coping range
Vulnerability
Time
Cli
mat
e v
aria
ble
Critical threshold
Planning time horizon
Future
Implementationof adaptation
Decisionto adapt
Lag
Ne
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op
ing
ra
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e
New critical threshold
PresentPast
Slide courtesy of UKCIP
Climate sensitivity, vulnerability and adaptation
We need to:
Build ‘adaptive capacity’
Identify priorities for adaptation
Identify actions that will improve the resilience of:
Adaptation
Development,
Business,
Services,
Infrastructure,
Communities - esp. Existing Housing stock
The Economy,
the ‘Natural’ environment
Climate Change and the UK
•The UK climate will become warmer.
•The temperature of coastal waters will also increase, although not as rapidly as over land.
•High summer temperatures will become more frequent, whilst very cold winters will become increasingly rare.
Climate Change and the UK
•Winters will become wetter and summers may become drier throughout the UK
•Snowfall amounts will decrease throughout the UK.
•Heavy winter precipitation will become more frequent
Climate Change and the UK
•Relative sea level will continue to rise around most of the UK's shoreline.
•Extreme sea levels will be experienced more frequently
•Overall there will be a significant change in weather patterns
Impacts
•Wear Climate Change Adaptation Study (Feb 2007)
•NE Climate Change Adaptation Study (Jan / Feb 2008)
•Climate Change Thresholds Study (proposed)
Existing Housing Stock
Not designed with future climate in mind
Due to demand for property, low demolition rates
At current replacement rates existing stock will make up 60 – 80% of housing stock in 2050
These properties will be vulnerable to impacts
Adaptation
Overheating
There are some general design and thermal principles which govern a house’s vulnerability to overheating:
The outdoor temperature is the starting point for overheating
excessive insolation – solar windows
Inadequate ventilation
Inadequate insulation
Adaptation – increase thermal mass
improved ventilation / insulation
Modification of fenestration
Shading
Adaptation
Flooding
Water penetrates through construction of a wall but also through cracks, defects, service penetrations and other openings - maintenance and repair
Move services meters to at least one metre above floor level
Move electrics to at least one metre above floor level with cables dropping from first floor level
Put one-way valves into drainage pipes. This prevents contaminated floodwater entering houses
Mount boilers onto the wall above the level that floodwater is likely to reach
Install drainage on driveways
Replace mineral insulation within internal partition walls with closed cell insulation
Adaptation
Flooding
Replace gypsum plaster with a more water resistant material, such as lime plaster or cement render on
Fix plasterboards horizontally on timber framed walls rather than vertically
Fit kitchen units with extendable plastic or stainless steel feet or support on raised brick or stonework.
Replace chipboard kitchen/bathroom units with plastic or similar units.
Look at barrier devices for doors / covers for airbricks
Adaptation
Storm events
Whilst an increase in the frequency of storm events, particularly wind speeds, is difficult to model there is little doubt that the frequency of such events is likely to increase:
Roof - the single greatest cause of destruction due to high winds is failure to tie the roof securely to its supporting walls or posts.
Avoid openings that can't be closed off during storm events. High winds penetrate the building and create outward pressures on walls and roof.
Ensure good maintenance of fabric.
Examine tile pegging
Adaptation
STERN:
Adaptation policy is crucial for dealing with the unavoidable impacts of climate change, but it has been under-emphasised in many countries.
There is still time to avoid the worst impacts of climate change if strong collective action starts now.
Adaptation
Emerging Legal Imperative:
• Climate Change is now regarded as ‘Reasonably Forseable”• Professionals will need to explicitly address climate issues• The Freedom of Information Act • Both individuals and the organisations they represent may be
liable
A Vision for the Region…..
A Region which has addressed mitigation and reaped the benefits
A Region that is resilient and well adapted to Climate Change
A Region that has exploited the opportunities
A Region that has built ‘Adaptive Capacity’
THE Region that others turn to in regard to Climate Change
Working together we can achieve this