Adoption of Innovation and its model

Submitted by,Dr. Balaraj BLPh.D ScholarRoll No. 1672

Submitted to,Dr. Hema TripathiPr, Scientist and PCI.V.R.I

Adoption

• Adoption

Decision to make full use of an innovation as the best course of action available.

• Adoption process (Micro process)

Decision making process, goes through a number of mental stages before making a final decision to adopt an innovation.

Wilkening (1953)• Adoption of innovation as a process composed of learning,

deciding and acting over a period of time.

• The adoption of a specific practice is not the result of a single decision to act but series of action and thought decision.

Four stages in adoption

Obtaining information

Conviction

Trial

Adoption.

Stages in Adoption Process• The decision to adopt an innovation,

“is not normally a single, instantaneous act”

• But it is a decision-making process.

• Steps in Decision-Making: (Johnson & Haver, 1955)

Observing the problem

Analysis

Deciding available course of action

Taking one course

Accepting the consequence

Stages in Adoption Process• Pioneering work of diffusion of hybrid corn seed in

two Iowa communities in the United States

• Ryan and Gross (1943)

Stages in the process of adoption

• “awareness” of the existence of an innovation

• “conviction” of usefulness

• “acceptance” sense of willingness to try the innovation

• “complete adoption”. full scale use

Five stages in AdoptionAccording to North Central Rural Sociology Sub-

committee

Awareness

• The farmer comes to know the existence of the new idea but he doesn’t have full information about the idea.

• At this stage farmer is aware of the idea, but lacks detailed information about it.

• E.g. The farmers may know Artificial Insemination by the name and may not know what (AI) is, what it will do and how it will work.

Interest

• The farmer develops interest in the innovation

• Seeks additional information

• Extension officer or from fellow farmers or from any source, which he feels credible.

• Acquires more information on innovation

• Farmer wants to know

what the innovation is ?

how it works ?

what are its potentialities ?

Evaluation

• Mental application of the new idea in the present and anticipated future situations

• Decides whether or not to try it.

• Judges the utility of the innovation.

• Assessment, whether the idea is applicable to own situation.

• If applied what would be the result.

Trial

• Farmers may not take up any new idea at first instance at large scale because doesn’t want to take risk

• Farmer applies the new idea on a small scale

• Determine its utility or feasibility & applicability

• Practical evaluation of an innovation.

Adoption

• If satisfied with the performance of the new idea

• Uses the new idea continuously on a full scale.

• Innovation becomes a part of normal farming activity.

• The farmer takes final decision and applies the innovation in a scale appropriate to own situation on a continued basis.

Other model of adoption stages

• The stages of adoption are dynamic and not static. (Singh, 1965)

• The five stages do not occur with all the adopters

• All the practices sequence is not always the same

• Some times one stage appears more than once

• In some cases some stages are short

• Some stages seem to be skipped

• May jump from evaluation to adoption stage

• No clear-cut differences: capsules and looks like a unit act.

Seven-stage model of the adoption process.

• Need

• Awareness

• Interest

• Deliberation

• Trial

• Evaluation and

• Adoption.

• NEED:

Difference between what is and what ought to be. Farmer wishes to change his existing practice or to get more yield/income.

• AWARENESS:

Farmer just comes to know about an innovation without knowing the details of it.

• INTEREST:

Farmer makes an attempt to know more about the innovation.

• DELIBERATION:

Possibility of application of the innovation under own conditions.

Seeks advice of opinion leaders observe the performance at different places and discusses with the members of family.

Farmer then takes a decision to try out or reject the idea.

• TRIAL:

Puts the practice on a limited scale to observe the performance under own conditions.

• EVALUATION:

Farmer observes performance of the innovation on various dimensions.

Collects data on the performance of the innovation on others situation.

Compares performance of new with old one

Calculates input – output, risks, uncertainties etc.

• ADOPTION:

Farmer takes the decision to extend the use of the innovation on a continued basis.