addressing asm challenges in ghana: environmental … · addressing asm challenges in ghana:...
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ADDRESSING ASM CHALLENGES IN GHANA:
ENVIRONMENTAL MGT. & JOB CREATION
(ORLANDS KOFI TETTEH)
MINERALS COMMISSION, GHANA
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CONTEXT
• Background:
• Importance of ASM
• ASM and some key SD Goals
• Policy & Legal Framework Governing Small Scale Mining
– Minerals & Mining Policy
• ASM Challenges
– Measures adopted to address the challenge
• Conclusion2
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• ASM is a significant sub sector providing livelihood for millions;
• Has the potential to contribute to poverty reduction and stimulate economic
growth.
• ASM Contributed 39% (1.65 million oz) of total gold production in 2016
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BACKGROUND: IMPORTANCE OF ASM TO GHANA’S ECONOMY
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Go
ld P
rod
uct
ion
(o
z)
YEAR
GOLD PRODUCTION: L/S vs. ASM - 1990 to 2016
LARGE SCALE PRODUCERS - OZ SMALL SCALE PRODUCERS - OZ
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ASM AND SOME KEY SD GOALS
Activities of ASM impact positively & negatively on 3 key SD Goals:
•SDG6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) ‡
– ASM activities impacts on water bodies through pollution
– Cause for increased water treatment etc.
•SDG8 (Employment and Economic Growth) ‡
– ASM employs an estimated 1 million people in Ghana
– Creation of ALPs in mining communities
•SDG15 (Ecosystem and Biodiversity Protection)
– Land degradation
– Enforcement of laws on land reclamation
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FRAMEWORK GOVERNING ASM IN GHANA
• Minerals Commission Act, 1993 (Act 450)
• Minerals and Mining Policy of Ghana
• Minerals and Mining Act, 2006 (Act 703) & Regulations
• Environmental Protection
Agency Act, 1994 (Act 490) &
Regulations
• Mercury Act, 1989 (PNDCL 217)
Key Policy, Laws &
Regulations Include:
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GOVERNMENT POLICY FOR SMALL SCALE MINING
ASM is reserved for Ghanaians;
ASMs would be assisted to improve upon their operations; and
Govt will continue to ensure the use of appropriate, safe and affordable technologies in small-scale mining
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SSM Legal Framework Explained
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License issued by the Minister for Lands & Natural Resources: SSM Reserved for Ghanaians & Licence is Site
Specific
Environmental Permit issued by the EPA [Act 703, S.18]
Operating Permit issued by the Minerals Commission
[Act 703 Section 102]
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DRIVERS OF ILLEGAL MINING & ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
Relatively high gold price which makes marginal gold
deposits economic for illegal miners;
Connivance of some chiefs, landowners and opinion
leaders with illegal miners to operate in remote areas.
Perceived complexity of licensing process.
Lack of geologically investigated areas for ASMs
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ASM
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ASM
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• Established Regional & District Mining offices of MC to
facilitate licensing and monitoring of ASM activities
• Designate & Geologically Investigate Areas for ASM
• Establishment of District Mining Committees
• Deepen Sensitisation of Stakeholders
– Educate and Sensitise Traditional Authorities, Land Owners
etc.
• Enforce Minerals & Mining (Amendment) Act 2015, Act 900
• Formation of small scale mining associations
• Implementation of Alternative Livelihood Projects (ALPs)
MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
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The Commission has nine (9)
Small Scale Mining District
Offices countrywide to facilitate
licensing and extension service
delivery to small scale miners.
Also Inspectorate Functions at:
– Takoradi
– Kumasi
– Koforidua
– Accra
• Plans underway to expand
office coverage
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OFFICES OF THE MINERALS COMMISSION
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RECLAIMED LAND IN SOME ASM LICENSED AREAS
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RECLAIMED LAND IN SOME ASM LICENSED AREAS
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ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOOD PROJECTS IN MINING
COMMUNITIES
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• Introducing E-services into the ASM license acquisition process (MCAS)
– Cartographic searches can be conducted at the District Offices
• Creation of Plant Pools
• Formalization: Make ASM attractive to Financial Institutions to grant
loan
• USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY: Tracking of Heavy Duty
Equipment (Excavators & Bull Dozers) used in ASM operations
• Deployment of Drones to aid monitoring ASM activities
• Deployment of coordinated security forces, under the name of
Operation Vanguard.
SHORT/MEDIUM TO LONG TERM STRATEGIES
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• MULTILATERAL MINING INTEGRATION PROJECT
– Collaborate with MLNR to implement the Multilateral
Mining Integration Project (MMIP)
SHORT/MEDIUM TO LONG TERM STRATEGIES
Integration: Local
empowerment
intervention
programs (multi-
stakeholder
involvement)
Legislation:
Minerals and Mining
Act 703 (2006) as
amended by Act
900 (2015); MDF
Act 912 (2016)
Enforcement:
Police, Military,
Judicial Service
and Customary
Laws (Chiefs and
Elders)
Civil:
Non-militant
and non-
combatant
approaches
STATUTORY ENFORCEMENT/IMPLEMENTATIONS SOCIAL INTERVENTIONS TECHNOLOGY ADAPTATIONS
LECITA MODEL (A PROJECT MANAGEMENT APPROACH)
Technological
Approach:
Drones, Satellite
Imagery etc.
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CONCLUSIONS
• Sustainable Mining is not just about eliminating andminimizing negative impacts, it is about maximizing thepositive impacts, and maximizing the value to societythroughout the minerals cycle
• Need to deepen efforts to address the environmental,economic and social challenges throughout the miningvalue chain
• Government will continue to work at improving itsfacilitation role while working with all other stakeholderstowards achieving sustainable development throughmining.
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THANK YOU