add math complete task4 2010 sample
TRANSCRIPT
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PROJECT WORK
FOR ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS
2010
INDEX NUMBER
IN OUR DAILY
LIFE
NAME : SYAZANI BIN ZULKARNAIN
CLASS : 5 IBNU KHALDUN
TEACHER : ENCIK FOZI
NO. I/C : 930426-06-5911
SEKOLAH : SMKA TG AMPUAN HAJAH AFZAN PAHANG
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OBJECTIVES
We students taking Additional Mathematics arerequired to carry out a project work while we are in
Form 5.This year the Curriculum Development Division,
Ministry of Education has prepared four tasks for us.We
are to choose and complete only ONE task based on our
area of interest.This project can be done in groups or
individually,but each of us are expected to submit an
individually written report.Upon completion of the
Additional Mathematics Project Work,we are to gain
valuable experiences and able to:
yApply and adapt a variety of problem solving
strategies to solve routine and non-routineproblems;
y Experience classroom environments which are
challenging, interesting and meaningful and hence
improve their thinking skills.
y Experience classroom environments where
knowledge and skills are applied in meaningful ways
in solving real-life problems
y Experience classroom environments where
expressing ones mathematical thinking,reasoning
and communication are highly encouraged and
expected
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y Experience classroom environments that stimulates
and enhances effective learning.
yAcquire effective mathematical communication
through oral and writing,and to use the language of
mathematics to express mathematical ideascorrectly and precisely
y Enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge
and skills through problem-solving in ways that
increase interest and confidence
yPrepare ourselves for the demand of our future
undertakings and in workplace
y Realise that mathematics is an important and
powerful tool in solving real-life problems and
hence develop positive attitude towards
mathematics.
yTrain ourselves not only to be independent learners
but also to collaborate, to cooperate, and to share
knowledge in an engaging and healthy environmenty Use technology especially the ICT appropriately and
effectively
yTrain ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of
mathematics and to become more creative and
innovative
y Realize the importance and the beauty of
mathematics
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FOREWARD
First of all, I would like to say Alhamdulillah, for giving me
the strength and health to do this project work. Not forgotten my parents for
providing everything, such as money, to buy anything that are related to this
project work and their advise, which is the most needed for this project.
Internet, books, computers, and etc. They also supported me and
encouraged me to complete this task so that I will not
procrastinate in doing it. Then I would like to thank my teacher, Mrs. Rosmini
bt Abd. Hamid @ mustapha for guiding me and my friends throughout this
project. We had some difficulties in doing this task, but she taught us
patiently until we knew what to do. She tried and tried to teach us
until we understand what we supposed to do with the project
work.Last but not least, my friends who were doing this project
with me and sharing our ideas. They were helpful that when we
combined and discussed together, we had this task done.
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CONTENT
Introduction ______________________________
Foreward ______________________________
Part 1 ______________________________
Part 2 ______________________________
Part 3 ______________________________
Further Exploration ______________________________
Reflection ______________________________
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HISTORY OF INDEX NUMBER
Index numbers are meant to study the change in the effects of such factorswhich cannot be measured directly. According to Bowley, Index numbers are used
to measure the changes in some quantity which we cannot observe dir ectly. For
example, changes in business activity in a country are not capable of direct
measurement but it is possible to study relative changes in business activity by
studying the variations in the values of some such factors which affect business
activity, and which are capable of direct measurement.
Index numbers are commonly used statistical device for measuring the
combined fluctuations in a group related variables. If we wish to compare the price
level of consumer items today with that prevalent ten years ago, we are not
interested in comparing the prices of only one item, but in comparing some sort of
average price levels. We may wish to compare the present agricultural production
or industrial production with that at the time of indepen dence. Here again, we have
to consider all items of production and each item may have undergone a different
fractional increase (or even a decrease). How do we obtain a composite measure?This composite measure is provided by index numbers which may be def ined as a
device for combining the variations that have come in group of related variables
over a period of time, with a view to obtain a figure that represents the net result of
the change in the constitute variables.
Index numbers may be classified in terms of the variables that they are
intended to measure. In business, different groups of variables in the
measurement of which index number techniques are commonly used are (i)price, (ii) quantity, (iii) value and (iv) business activity. Thus, we h ave index of
wholesale prices, index of consumer prices, index of industrial output, index of
value of exports and index of business activity, etc. Here we shall be mainly
interested in index numbers of prices showing changes with respect to time,
although methods described can be applied to other cases. In general, the
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present level of prices is compared with the level of prices in the past. The
present period is called the current period and some period in the past is
called the base period.
Index Numbers:
Index numbers are statistical measures designed to show changes ina variable or group of related variables with respect to time, geographic
location or other characteristics such as income, profession, etc. A collection
of index numbers for different years, locations, etc., is sometimes called an
index series.
Simple Index Number:
A simple index number is a number that measures a relative change in
a single variable with respect to a base.
Composite Index Number:
A composite index number is a number that measures an average
relative changes in a group of relative variables with respect to a base.
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Part 1
The prices of goods sold in shops vary from one shop toanother.Shoppers tend to buy goods which are not onlyreasonably priced but also give value for their money.
You are required to carry out a survey on four different itemsbased on the following categories i.e. food, detergent andstationery.The survey should be done in three different shops.
a) Collect pictures,newspaper cuttings or photos on itemsthat you have chosen.Design a collage to illustrate thechosen items
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Answer:
Food;
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Question
(b) Record the items and their prices systematically as inTable 1.Since items maybe differently packed,be sure to use
consistent measurements for each item selected so thatcomparison can be done easily and accurately.
Answer:
Category Item Price(RM)Econsave speedmart Mydin
Food1.Self-RaisingFlour(1000g)
4.00 3.70 3.60
2.Sugar(1000g) 2.00 1.90 1.803.Butter(250g) 4.70 4.50 4.304.Eggs(Grade A)1 dozen
5.90 5.50 5.00
Total Price 16.60 15.60 14.70
Detergent
1.Soap(3bars) 3.20 3.00 2.80
2.Liquiddishwasher(1000ml)
4.29 3.90 3.20
3.Clothesdetergent(3kg)
18.90 17.00 16.50
4.Toiletcleaner(500ml)
5.50 5.50 5.50
Total Price 31.89 29.40 28.00
Stationery1.Sharpener 1.50 1.30 1.002.Pencil(2B-1 dozen)
5.00 4.80 4.50
3.Pen 1.30 1.20 1.004.Eraser 1.30 1.20 1.10
Total Price 9.10 8.50 7.60Grand Total 57.59 53.50 50.30
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Question:
(c) Create at least two suitable graphical representations (theuse of ICT is encouraged) to compare and contrast the price ofthe items chosen.
Answer:
1)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Econsave Speedmart Mydin
Self-raising flour
Sugar
Butter
Eggs(Grade A)
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2)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Ec
save S ee art y i
S
a (3 bar)
Liq i ishwasher(1000 l)
T ilet clea er(500 l)
Cl thes eterge t(3 kg)
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3)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Econsave Speedmart Mydin
S arpener
Pencil 2 (1 Dozen)
Pen
Eraser
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self-rising flour
Ec save
Speedmart
Mydi
sugar
Ec save
Speedmart
Mydi
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butter
Ec save
Speedmart
Mydi
Eggs
Ec
save
Speedmart
Mydi
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Soap
Econsave
S ee ! " art
My!
in
Liq id dishwasher
Econsave
s
ee! "
art
My!
in
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Clothes deterge t
Ec # $ save
Speedmart
Mydi %
Toilet clea er
Ec & % save
Speedmart
Mydi$
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Shar ener
Econsave
Speedmart
' ydin
Pencil (1 ozen)
Econsave
Speedmart
' ydin
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Pen
Econsave
Speedmart
( ydin
Eraser
Econsave
Speedmart
( ydin
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Question
(d) Based on the graphical representation that you have constructed inPart 1(c), interpret,discuss and draw conclusions. Comments on yourfindings.
Answer:
Based on the graphical representations that I have constructed in Part1(c), it is shown that there are large and small differences among theprices of items in each category between the shops.In the food category,the smallest price difference are of those of sugar, while the highest isthe price of eggs. Besides food, detergent also shows a large pricedifference between its items. Among them is the price of liquid
dishwasher and clothes detergent. On the other hand,stationery itemsdoesnt have any obvious price difference. The graph also show thatmost of the items that are high priced comes from the BoulevardSupermarket, while the lowest price items come from the DiscountStore.The graph 1(d) will show the conclusion of the difference amongthe shops based upon the shops grand total.
Graph 1(d)
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
)
ra0 1
t2
tal
Ec 2 0 save
S3
ee4 5
art
6 y 1 i 0
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Question
(e) Identify an item that has a large price differenceamong the shops. Calculate the mean and standard deviationof that particular item. Hence, suggest and discuss possiblereasons for the price difference.
Answer:
Liquid dishwasher:
Mean=
=17.47Standard deviation
= ()/N ( )
=
- (17.47)
=0.97
The large price difference of clothes detergent among theshops maybe because of the standard of the shop.A highstandard shop or supermarket, the items sold intend to bemuch more expensive than a regular shop or supermarket.Also,the price difference of the items may also due to the quality ofthe item present. A better quality means a higher price.
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Part 2
Every year SMK Indah organises a carnival to raise funds
for the school. This year the school plans to install airconditioners in the school library. Last year, during thecarnival, your class made and sold butter cakes. Becauseof the popularity of the butter cakes,your class has decidedto carry out the same project for this years carnival.
Question
(a) Suggest a shop from Part 1 which you would go topurchase the ingredients for the butter cakes.Stateand discuss your reasons for purchasing from theshop you suggested.
Answer:
Mydin.This is because the total price of the ingredientsfrom this shop is the lowest from the three shops.
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Question
(b) Complete Table 2 with the prices of the itemsfound in the shop/supermarket that you havechosen.
Answer:
Question
(i) Calculate the price index for each of the ingredients inTable 2 for the year 2010 based on the year 2009
Answer:
Ingredient QuantityPer cake
Price in the year2009(RM)
Price in theyear
2010(RM)Self-raisingflour
250g 0.90 0.90
Sugar 200g 0.35 0.36Butter 250g 3.30 4.30Eggs(Grade A) 5 eggs
(300g)1.25 2.10
Ingredient QuantityPer cake
Price in theyear
2009(RM)
Price in theyear
2010(RM)
Price indexfor the year2010 basedon the year
2009 ()Self-raisingflour
250g 0.90 0.90 100
Sugar 200g 0.35 0.36 102.86Butter 250g 3.30 4.30 130.30Eggs(GradeA)
5 eggs(300g)
1.25 2.10 168
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1.Self-raising flour
=
2.Sugar
=
3.Butter
=
4.Eggs(Grade A)
=
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Question
(ii) Calculate the composite index for making a butter cakein the year 2010 based on the year 2009. Discuss how youobtained your answers.
Answer:
To calculate the composite index,weightage is needed (W),
Ingredients Weightage (W)Self-raising flour
Sugar
Butter Eggs(Grade A)
Composite index
=128.54
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Question
(iii) In the year 2009,the butter cake was sold at RM15.00each.Suggest a suitable selling price for the butter cake
in the year 2010.Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
On 2009,RM 15.00
On 2010, price=
=
=19.30Thus,the suitable price for the butter cake for the year 2010 is
RM19.30.The increase in price is also suitable because of the
rise in the price of the ingredients.
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Question
(c)(i) Find out from reliable sources how to determine suitablecapacity of air conditioner to be installed based on thevolume/size of a room.
Answer:
For common usage,air conditioner is rated according to horsepower (1HP), which is approximately 700W to 1000W ofelectrical power. It is suitable for a room size 1000ftwhich isaround 27mof volume.
Question
(ii) Work in groups to estimate the volume of your schoollibrary. Explain how you arrive at your answer. Hence,determine the number of air conditioners with the appropriatecapacity required for your library.
Answer:
By using a measuring tape,the dimension for the library is:
Height=3.6mWidth=9.17m
Length=20.12m
Volume of the room=3.69.1720.12=664.20m
1 unit of air conditioner is for 27m
For 664.20m=
=24.6
That means our school library needs 25 unit of air conditioner.
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Question
(iii) If your class intends to sponsor one air conditioner for theschool library, how many butter cakes must your class sell inorder to buy the air conditioner?
Answer:
1 unit of 1HP air conditioner=RM700
Cost for a cake =0.9+0.36+4.3+2.1 =7.66
Selling price =RM19.30
Profit =19.30-7.66
=RM11.64Number of cakes to buy 1 unit of air conditioner =
= 60.13 = 60 cakes
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Part 3
As a committee member for the carnival, you are required toprepare an estimated budget to organize this years carnival.The committee has to take into the consideration the increase
in expenditure from the previous year due to inflation. The priceof food, transportation and tents has increased by 15%. Thecost of games, prizes and decorations remains the same,whereas the cost of miscellaneous items has increase by 30%.
Question,
a) Complete Table 3 based on the information given above.
Answer ,
Expenditure Amount in 2009(RM)
Amount in 2010(RM)
Food 1200.00 1380.00Games 500.00 500.00Transportation 300.00 345.00Decorations 200.00 200.00Prizes 600.00 600.00Tents 800.00 920.00Miscellaneous 400.00 520.00
Table 3
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Question
b) Calculate the composite index for the estimated budget ofthe carnival in the year 2010 based on the year 2009.Comment on your answer.
Solution .
Expenditure Amount in2009(RM)
Amount in2010(RM)
PriceIndex, II=
Weightage,W
Food 1200.00 1380.00 115 12Games 500.00 500.00 100 5Transportation 300.00 345.00 115 3Decorations 200.00 200.00 100 2Prizes 600.00 600.00 100 6Tents 800.00 920.00 115 8Miscellaneous 400.00 520.00 130 4
Composite Index
=
=
=
=111.625
The total price for the year 2010 increase by 11.625% . This isbecause some price in the year 2009 increased in the year2010.
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Question .c) The change in the composite index for the estimatebudget for the carnival from the year 2009 to the year
2010 is the same as the change from the year 2010 to theyear 2011. Determine the composite index of the budgetfor the year 2011 based on the year 2009.
Solution .
Composite index for the year 2009 to the year 2010
=111.625
Composite index for the year 2010 to the year 2011
=111.625
=
=111.625111.625
124.60
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Further Exploration
Index numbers are being used in many different dailysituations, for example air pollution index, stock market index,gold index and property index.
Obtain information from the internet or other reliable sources on
the importance of two different types of index number of yourchoice. Elaborate the use and the importance of these indexnumbers in daily life.
Air Pollution Index
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate
matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort tohumans or other living organisms, or damages the naturalenvironment into the atmosphere.
The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous systemthat is essential to support life onplanet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollutionhas long been recognized as a threat to human health as wellas to the Earth's ecosystems.
The AirQuality Index (AQI) (also known as the Air PollutionIndex (API) orPollutant Standard Index (PSI) is a numberused by government agencies to characterize the quality of theair at a given location. As the AQI increases, an increasinglylarge percentage of the population is likely to experienceincreasingly severe adverse health effects. To compute the AQI
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requires an air pollutant concentration from a monitor or model.The function used to convert from air pollutant concentration toAQI varies by pollutant, and is different in different countries.Air quality index values are divided into ranges, and each rangeis assigned a descriptor and a color code. Standardized publichealth advisories are associated with each AQI range. Anagency might also encourage members of the public to takepublic transportation or work from home when AQI levels arehigh.
Limitations of the AQI
Most air contaminants do not have an associated AQI. Manycountries monitor ground-level ozone, particulates, sulphur
dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide and calculateair quality indices for these pollutants.
Causes of Poor Air Quality
The AQI can worsen (go up) due to lack of dilution of airemissions by fresh air. Stagnant air, often caused byan anticyclone or temperature inversion, or other lackof winds lets air pollution remain in a local area.
Indices by location
South Korea
The Ministry of Environment of South Korea uses theComprehensice Air-quality Index (CAI) to describe the ambientair quality based on health risk of air pollution. The index aimsto help the public easily understand air quality level and protectthe health of people from air pollution. - The CAI has values of0 through 500, which are divided into six categories. The higherthe CAI value, the greater the level of air pollution. - Of valuesof the five air pollutants, the highest is the CAI value.
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CAI Description Health Implications
0-50 GoodA level that will not impact patientssuffering from diseases related to airpollution.
51-100 Moderate
A level which may have a meager impacton patients in case of chronic exposure.
101-150
Unhealthy forsensitivegroups
A level that may have harmful impacts onpatients and members of sensitivegroups.
151-250
Unhealthy
A level that may have harmful impacts onpatients and members of sensitivegroups (children, aged or weak people),and also cause the general public
unpleasant feelings.
251-350
Very unhealthyA level which may have a serious impacton patients and members of sensitivegroups in case of acute exposure.
351-
500 Hazardous
A level which may need to takeemergency measures for patients and
members of sensitive groups and haveharmful impacts on the general public.
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Malaysia
The air quality in Malaysia is reported as the API or AirPollution Index. Four of the index's pollutant components (i.e.,carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide)are reported in PM10 particulate matter is reported in g/m.
Unlike the American AQI, the index number can exceed 500.
Above 500, a state of emergency is declared in the reportingarea. Usually, this means that non-essential governmentservices are suspended, and all ports in the affected areaclosed. There may also be a prohibition on private sectorcommercial and industrial activities in the reporting areaexcluding the food sector.
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The concept may be extended well beyond an exchange. TheDow ones Total Stock Market Index, as its name implies,represents the stocks of nearly every publicly traded company
in the United States, including all U.S. stocks traded onthe New York Stock Exchange (but not ADRs) and most tradedon the NASDAQ and American Stock Exchange. RussellInvestment Group added to the family of indices by launchingthe Russell Global Index.
More specialised indices exist tracking the performance ofspecific sectors of the market. The Morgan Stanley Biotech
Index, for example, consists of 36 American firms inthe biotechnology industry. Other indices may track companiesof a certain size, a certain type of management, or even morespecialized criteria one index published by Linux WeeklyNews tracks stocks of companies that sell products andservices based on the Linux operating environment.
Index versions
Some indices, such as the S&P 500, have multipleversions.[1] These versions can differ based on how the indexcomponents are weighted and on how dividends are accountedfor. For example, there are three versions of the S&P500 index: price return, which only considers the price of thecomponents, total return, which accounts for dividendreinvestment, and net total return, which accounts for dividendreinvestment after the deduction of a withholding tax. As
another example, the Wilshire 4500 and Wilshire 5000 indiceshave five versions each: full capitalization total return, fullcapitalization price, float-adjusted total return, float-adjustedprice, and equal weight. The difference between the fullcapitalization, float-adjusted, and equal weight versions is inhow index components are weighted.
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Uses and importance of air pollution index and stock market
index
As everyone can see,the air pollution index is use by thegovernment to measure the air quality index and to detect anypollutants in our countrys air.This is to ensure the air is cleanand safe for us to inhale.Besides that,an early warning can begiven to us if the air pollution is to high for us to get out of ourhomes. This warning is given based upon readings andinterpretations of the air pollution index.
As for the stock market index, it is mainly for the businessentrepreneurs. This type of index is used to determine theoutcome of a stock market and also the conclusion of a stockmarket. The stock market index is important because acountrys economical state sometimes depend on it.
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Conclusion
After doing research, answering questions, drawing graphsand some problem solving, I saw that the usage of index
number is important in daily life. It is not just widely used inmarkets but also in interpreting the condition of the
surrounding like the air or the water. Especially inconducting an air-pollution survey. In conclusion, statistics
is a daily life essecities. Without it, surveys cant beconducted, the stock market cant be interpret and many
more. So ,we should be thankful of the people whocontribute in the idea of statistics.
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Reflection
After spending countless hours, days and night to finish this
project and also sacrificing my time video games and magazine in
this mid year holiday, there are several things that I can say...
Additional Mathematics...
From the day I born...
From the day I was able to holding pencil...From the day I start learning...
And ...
From the day I heard your name...
I always thought that you will be my greatest obstacle and rival in
excelling
in my life...
But after countless of hours...
Countless of days ...
Countless of nights ...
After sacrificing my precious time just for you...
Sacrificing my Computer Games...
Sacrificing my Video Games...
Sacrificing my Facebook ...Sacrificing my Internet...
Sacrificing my Anime...
Sacrificing my magazine...
I realized something really important in you...
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I really love you...
You are my real friend...
You my partner...
You are my soulmate...
I LOVE U ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS...