activity 5 appendicular muscles

Salt Lake Community CollegeBIO 2325

Compiled by : Heather StarleyEdited by: Claudia Gonzales (Anatomy Assistant)

Muscles that move the Muscles that move the Pectoral GirdlePectoral Girdle

• TrapeziusTrapezius• Action: superior fibers elevate and superiorly rotate scapula Action: superior fibers elevate and superiorly rotate scapula

and elevate clavicle; middle fibers retract scapula; inferior and elevate clavicle; middle fibers retract scapula; inferior fibers depress scapula and extend head.fibers depress scapula and extend head.

• Levator scapulaeLevator scapulae• Action: elevates ScapulaAction: elevates Scapula

• Serratus AnteriorSerratus Anterior• Action: protracts and stabilizes scapulaAction: protracts and stabilizes scapula


• Pectoralis MinorPectoralis Minor• Function: Protracts and depresses scapulaFunction: Protracts and depresses scapula

• Rhomboid majorRhomboid major• Function: Elevates and retracts (adducts) scapula; rotates Function: Elevates and retracts (adducts) scapula; rotates

scapula inferiorlyscapula inferiorly

• Rhomboid minorRhomboid minor• Function: Elevates and retracts (adducts) scapula; rotates Function: Elevates and retracts (adducts) scapula; rotates

scapula inferiorlyscapula inferiorly

Muscles that attach to Muscles that attach to Axial Skeleton and Axial Skeleton and

HumerusHumerus• SupraspinatusSupraspinatus• Origin: Supraspinous Fossa of ScapulaOrigin: Supraspinous Fossa of Scapula• Insertion: Greater Tubercle of HumerusInsertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus• Action: Stabilize and rotate glenohumeral joint.Action: Stabilize and rotate glenohumeral joint.

• InfraspinatusInfraspinatus• Origin: Infraspinous Fossa of ScapulaOrigin: Infraspinous Fossa of Scapula• Insertion: Greater Tubercle of HumerusInsertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus• Action: Stabilize and rotate glenohumeral joint.Action: Stabilize and rotate glenohumeral joint.


HumerusHumerus• SubscapularisSubscapularis• Origin: Subscapular Fossa of ScapulaOrigin: Subscapular Fossa of Scapula• Insertion: Greater Tubercle of HumerusInsertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus• Action: Stabilize and rotate glenohumeral joint.Action: Stabilize and rotate glenohumeral joint.

• Teres MinorTeres Minor• Origin: Lateral border of ScapulaOrigin: Lateral border of Scapula• Insertion: Greater Tubercle of HumerusInsertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus• Action: Stabilize and rotate glenohumeral joint.Action: Stabilize and rotate glenohumeral joint.


HumerusHumerus• Teres MajorTeres Major• Origin: Lateral border and angle of ScapulaOrigin: Lateral border and angle of Scapula• Insertion: lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove of Insertion: lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove of

humerushumerus• Action: Extends, adducts & medially rotates armAction: Extends, adducts & medially rotates arm

• Latissumus DorsiLatissumus Dorsi• Origin: Spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae; Origin: Spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae;

lower ribs & iliac crestlower ribs & iliac crest• Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerusInsertion: intertubercular groove of humerus• Action: Extends, adducts & medially rotates arm; draws arm Action: Extends, adducts & medially rotates arm; draws arm

inferiorly & posteriorlyinferiorly & posteriorly


HumerusHumerus• Deltoid Deltoid • Origin: Acromial end of clavicle; acromion and spine of Origin: Acromial end of clavicle; acromion and spine of

scapula.scapula.• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerusInsertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus• Action: abducts, flexes, extends & rotates armAction: abducts, flexes, extends & rotates arm

• Pectoralis MajorPectoralis Major• Origin: Clavicle & costal cartilagesOrigin: Clavicle & costal cartilages• Insertion: Lateral part of intertubercular groove of Insertion: Lateral part of intertubercular groove of

humerushumerus• Action: flexes, adducts & medially rotates armAction: flexes, adducts & medially rotates arm


HumerusHumerus

Posterior Compartment of Posterior Compartment of the Armthe Arm

• Triceps BrachiiTriceps Brachii– Long HeadLong Head• Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of ScapulaOrigin: Infraglenoid tubercle of Scapula

• Insertion: Olecranon Process of UlnaInsertion: Olecranon Process of Ulna

• Action: extends forearm and assists in arm adductionAction: extends forearm and assists in arm adduction

– Lateral HeadLateral Head• Origin: Posterior shaft of humerusOrigin: Posterior shaft of humerus



– Medial HeadMedial Head• Origin: Posterior shaft of humerus distal to radial grooveOrigin: Posterior shaft of humerus distal to radial groove



Posterior Compartment of Posterior Compartment of the Armthe Arm

Lateral Head

Long Head

Medial Head

Tricepsbrachii

Anterior Compartment of Anterior Compartment of the Armthe Arm

• Briceps BrachiiBriceps Brachii• Long HeadLong Head

• Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of ScapulaOrigin: supraglenoid tubercle of Scapula

• Insertion: radial TuberosityInsertion: radial Tuberosity

• Action: Flexes arm; flexes and supinates forearm Action: Flexes arm; flexes and supinates forearm

• Short HeadShort Head• Origin: coracoid process of scapulaOrigin: coracoid process of scapula

• Insertion: radial TuberosityInsertion: radial Tuberosity

• Action: Flexes arm; flexes and supinates forearmAction: Flexes arm; flexes and supinates forearm

• CorachobrachialisCorachobrachialis• Origin: Coracoid process of ScapulaOrigin: Coracoid process of Scapula

• Insertion: Middle medial shaft of humerusInsertion: Middle medial shaft of humerus

• Action: Adducts & flexes arm at shoulderAction: Adducts & flexes arm at shoulder


• BrachialisBrachialis• Origin: Distal, anterior surface of humerusOrigin: Distal, anterior surface of humerus• Insertion: Coronoid process of ulnaInsertion: Coronoid process of ulna• Action: flexes forearm at elbowAction: flexes forearm at elbow

• BrachioradialisBrachioradialis• Origin: Lateral humerusOrigin: Lateral humerus• Insertion: Styloid process of radiusInsertion: Styloid process of radius• Action: flexes forearm at elbowAction: flexes forearm at elbow


Brachioradialis

Anterior Compartment of Anterior Compartment of ForearmForearm

• Pronator TeresPronator Teres• Action: Pronates forearm at elbowAction: Pronates forearm at elbow

• Flexor Carpi RadialisFlexor Carpi Radialis• Action: flexes wrist; Abducts handAction: flexes wrist; Abducts hand

• Palmaris LongusPalmaris Longus• Action: Weakly flexes wrist; tenses fascia of palmAction: Weakly flexes wrist; tenses fascia of palm

• Flexor Carpi UlnarisFlexor Carpi Ulnaris• Action: Flexes wrist; adducts handAction: Flexes wrist; adducts hand


• Flexor Digitorum SuperficialisFlexor Digitorum Superficialis– Action: Flexes wrist; flexes metacarpophalangeals 2 through 5 Action: Flexes wrist; flexes metacarpophalangeals 2 through 5

& Proximal Interphalangeal joints& Proximal Interphalangeal joints

• Flexor Digitorum ProfundusFlexor Digitorum Profundus– Action: flexes wrist; flexes 2 through 5 metacarpophalangeals, Action: flexes wrist; flexes 2 through 5 metacarpophalangeals,

Proximal Interphalangeal & Distal Interphalangeal jointsProximal Interphalangeal & Distal Interphalangeal joints

• Flexor Retinaculum (associated Structure)Flexor Retinaculum (associated Structure)– Significance: Fibrous band of connective tissue that covers Significance: Fibrous band of connective tissue that covers

palmar surface of the carpalspalmar surface of the carpals

Posterior Compartment of Posterior Compartment of the Forearmthe Forearm

• Extensor Carpi Radialis LongusExtensor Carpi Radialis Longus– Action: Extends wrist; abducts handAction: Extends wrist; abducts hand

• Extensor Carpi Radialis BrevisExtensor Carpi Radialis Brevis– Action: Extends wrist; abducts handAction: Extends wrist; abducts hand

• Extensor Carpi UlnarisExtensor Carpi Ulnaris– Action: Extends wrist; adducts handAction: Extends wrist; adducts hand

• Extensor DigitorumExtensor Digitorum– Action: extends wrist; extends 2 through 5 Action: extends wrist; extends 2 through 5

metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints.interphalangeal joints.


• Abductor Pollicis LongusAbductor Pollicis Longus• Action: abducts thumb; weakly extends wristAction: abducts thumb; weakly extends wrist

• Extensor Pollicis LongusExtensor Pollicis Longus• Action: extends metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal Action: extends metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal

joints of thumb, weakly extends wristjoints of thumb, weakly extends wrist

• Extensor Pollicis BrevisExtensor Pollicis Brevis• Action: extends metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb; Action: extends metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb;

weakly extends wrist.weakly extends wrist.


• SupinatorSupinator• Action: supinates forearmAction: supinates forearm

• Extensor Retinaculum (Associated Structure)Extensor Retinaculum (Associated Structure)• Significance: Fibrous band of connective tissue that covers Significance: Fibrous band of connective tissue that covers

the dorsal surface of the carpals.the dorsal surface of the carpals.


Extensor Pollicis longus tendon

Anterior Compartment of Anterior Compartment of thighthigh

• Quadriceps Femoris GroupQuadriceps Femoris Group• Rectus FemorisRectus Femoris

• Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac spineOrigin: Anterior Inferior Iliac spine

• Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.tuberosity via patellar ligament.

• Action: Extends leg; flexes thighAction: Extends leg; flexes thigh

• Vastus LateralisVastus Lateralis• Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial

tuberosity via patellar ligament.tuberosity via patellar ligament.

• Action: Extends LegAction: Extends Leg

Anterior Compartment of Anterior Compartment of thighthigh

– Vastus MedialisVastus Medialis• Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity

via patellar ligament.via patellar ligament.


– Vastus IntermediusVastus Intermedius• Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity

via patellar ligament.via patellar ligament.


• SartoriusSartorius– Origin: Anterior superior iliac spineOrigin: Anterior superior iliac spine

– Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, medial side Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, medial side

– Action: Flexes, abducts & laterally rotates thigh; flexes leg & rotates Action: Flexes, abducts & laterally rotates thigh; flexes leg & rotates leg medially. ( Sitting crosslegged)leg medially. ( Sitting crosslegged)

Iliopsoas GroupIliopsoas Group

• IliacusIliacus– Origin: Iliac fossaOrigin: Iliac fossa

– Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femurInsertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

– Action: Flexes thighAction: Flexes thigh

• Psoas MajorPsoas Major– Origin: T12-L5 vertebraeOrigin: T12-L5 vertebrae

– Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femurInsertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

– Action: Flexes thighAction: Flexes thigh

Medial Compartment of Medial Compartment of ThighThigh

• PectineusPectineus• Action: adducts thigh; weakly flexes thigh.Action: adducts thigh; weakly flexes thigh.

• Adductor LongusAdductor Longus• Action: adducts thigh; weakly flexes thigh.Action: adducts thigh; weakly flexes thigh.

• Adductor BrevisAdductor Brevis• Action: adducts thigh; weakly flexes thigh.Action: adducts thigh; weakly flexes thigh.

• Adductor MagnusAdductor Magnus• Action: Adducts thigh; flexes or extends and laterally rotates Action: Adducts thigh; flexes or extends and laterally rotates

thigh (depending on starting position)thigh (depending on starting position)

Medial Compartment of Medial Compartment of ThighThigh

• GracilisGracilis• Origin: Inferior ramus & body of pubis.Origin: Inferior ramus & body of pubis.• Insertion: Upper medial surface of tibiaInsertion: Upper medial surface of tibia• Action: weakly adducts & weakly flexes thigh; flexes legAction: weakly adducts & weakly flexes thigh; flexes leg

Anterior and Medial Anterior and Medial Compartment of thigh and Compartment of thigh and

Iliopsoas groupIliopsoas group

Anterior and Medial Anterior and Medial Compartment of thighCompartment of thigh

Vastus Intermedius ( rectus femoris removed)

Posterior Compartment of Posterior Compartment of Thigh Thigh

• Hamstrings GroupHamstrings Group• SemitendinosusSemitendinosus

• Origin: Ischial TuberosityOrigin: Ischial Tuberosity

• Insertion: Proximal medial surface of tibiaInsertion: Proximal medial surface of tibia

• Action: extends thigh; flexes leg; medially rotates legAction: extends thigh; flexes leg; medially rotates leg

• SemimembranosusSemimembranosus• Origin: Ischial tuberosityOrigin: Ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Medial condyle of tibiaInsertion: Medial condyle of tibia

• Action: extends thigh; flexes leg; medially rotates leg.Action: extends thigh; flexes leg; medially rotates leg.


– Biceps FemorisBiceps Femoris• Long HeadLong Head– Origin: Ischial tuberosityOrigin: Ischial tuberosity

– Insertion: Head of Fibula Insertion: Head of Fibula

– Action: extends thigh; flexes leg; laterally rotates leg.Action: extends thigh; flexes leg; laterally rotates leg.

• Short HeadShort Head– Origin: Linea Aspera of FemurOrigin: Linea Aspera of Femur

– Insertion: Head of fibulaInsertion: Head of fibula

– Action: extends thigh; flexes leg; laterally rotates leg.Action: extends thigh; flexes leg; laterally rotates leg.

Gluteal MusclesGluteal Muscles

• Tensor Fasciae LataeTensor Fasciae Latae• Origin: Iliac crest; anterior superior iliac spineOrigin: Iliac crest; anterior superior iliac spine• Insertion: Iliotibial tractInsertion: Iliotibial tract• Action: abducts thigh; medially rotates thigh.Action: abducts thigh; medially rotates thigh.

• Gluteus MaximusGluteus Maximus• Origin: Iliac crest; sacrum; coccyxOrigin: Iliac crest; sacrum; coccyx• Insertion: Iliotibial tract and linea asperaInsertion: Iliotibial tract and linea aspera• Action: extends thigh and laterally rotates thighAction: extends thigh and laterally rotates thigh


• Gluteus MediusGluteus Medius• Origin: Iliac crestOrigin: Iliac crest• Insertion: Greater trochanter of femurInsertion: Greater trochanter of femur• Action: abducts thigh; medially rotates thigh.Action: abducts thigh; medially rotates thigh.

• Gluteus MinimusGluteus Minimus• Origin: Lateral surface of iliumOrigin: Lateral surface of ilium• Insertion: greater trochanter of femurInsertion: greater trochanter of femur• Action: abduct thigh and medially rotates thighAction: abduct thigh and medially rotates thigh


• PiriformisPiriformis• Origin: anterolateral surface of sacrumOrigin: anterolateral surface of sacrum• Insertion: greater trochanter of femurInsertion: greater trochanter of femur• Action: laterally rotates thigh.Action: laterally rotates thigh.

• Iliotibial Tract or band Iliotibial Tract or band (associated structure)(associated structure)• Significance: thick band of fascia continuous with the tensor Significance: thick band of fascia continuous with the tensor

fasciae lataefasciae latae

Anterior Compartment of Anterior Compartment of LegLeg

• Tibialis AnteriorTibialis Anterior• Origin: lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia.Origin: lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia.• Insertion: Metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform.Insertion: Metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform.• Action: dorsiflexes foot and inverts footAction: dorsiflexes foot and inverts foot

• Extensor Digitorum LongusExtensor Digitorum Longus• Action: Extends toes 2-5; dorsiflexes footAction: Extends toes 2-5; dorsiflexes foot

• Extensor Hallucis LongusExtensor Hallucis Longus• Action: extends Hallux; dorciflexes footAction: extends Hallux; dorciflexes foot

Anterior Compartment of Anterior Compartment of LegLeg

Lateral Compartment of Lateral Compartment of legleg

• Fibularis LongusFibularis Longus• Action: everts foot; weakly plantar flexes footAction: everts foot; weakly plantar flexes foot

• Fibularis BrevisFibularis Brevis• Action: everts foot; weakly plantar flexes footAction: everts foot; weakly plantar flexes foot

Lateral Compartment of Lateral Compartment of legleg

Posterior Compartment of Posterior Compartment of LegLeg

• GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius• Origin: Lateral and Medial condyles of femurOrigin: Lateral and Medial condyles of femur• Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon • Action: plantar flexes foot; flexes legAction: plantar flexes foot; flexes leg

• SoleusSoleus• Origin: Head and proximal shaft of fibula and medial border Origin: Head and proximal shaft of fibula and medial border

of tibiaof tibia• Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon • Action: plantar flexes footAction: plantar flexes foot


• Tibialis PosteriorTibialis Posterior• Action: plantar flexes foot; inverts footAction: plantar flexes foot; inverts foot

• Flexor Digitorum LongusFlexor Digitorum Longus• Action: plantar flexes foot; flexes toes 2 through 5, Action: plantar flexes foot; flexes toes 2 through 5,

metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal jointsinterphalangeal joints

• Flexor Hallucis LongusFlexor Hallucis Longus• Action: plantar flexes foot; flexes metatarsalphalangeal, Action: plantar flexes foot; flexes metatarsalphalangeal,

interphalangeal joints of halluxinterphalangeal joints of hallux

activity 5 appendicular muscles

Education

flexes arm flexes

axial skeleton

angle of scapulainsertion

spine of scapula

scapula inferiorlymuscles

arm adductionmedial

rotate glenohumeral

lesser tubercle