Active Learning Methods Active Learning Methods ((ALMALM))((ALMALM))

Dr. Z. Zayapragassarazan, PhD.

Associate Professor

Department of Medical Education

Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER)

(An Institution of National Importance)

Puducherry-6.

E-mail: zprazan@yahoo.co.in

ObjectivesObjectivesAt the end of this session theparticipants shall be able to:

-state the meaning of active learning

-explain the need for active learning

-describe the different types of activelearning methods

-provide hands on experience onactive learning through group tasks

Please share your views onPlease share your views on:

-the effective methods that your-the effective methods that yourcollege teachers taught you

State some ways you learn best now as a faculty !best now as a faculty !

Levels of Teaching/LearningLevels of Teaching/Learning

Memory level

Understanding Level

Reflective levelReflective level

What does it mean “to learn”? What does it mean “to learn”?

• Think

• Read

• Write• Write

• Do

• Share

• Compromise for further learning

What does it mean “to learn”? What does it mean “to learn”?

Think

Read

WriteWrite

DoShareCompromise for further learning

What is Active Learning?What is Active Learning?

ThanksThanks

Provides opportunities for the learners to :

Meaningfully Talk

Listen

Read ThanksThanksRead

Write

Reflect on the content, ideas, issues and concerns of an academic subject.

Share

Compromise for further learning

What is Active Learning?What is Active Learning?

It allows learners answer

questions, formulate questions of

their own, discuss, explain,their own, discuss, explain,

debate, brainstorm and solve

problems during class.

When Active Learning Takes When Active Learning Takes Place?Place?

Active learning is more likely to

take place when learners dotake place when learners do

something besides listening.

Passive Vs Active LearningPassive Vs Active LearningI see and I forgetI see and I forget

I hear and I rememberI hear and I remember

I do and I understandI do and I understand-- ConfuciusConfucius

Passive Vs Active LearningPassive Vs Active Learning

What is the purpose?What is the purpose?

• Increase learners participation

• Increase learners engagement

• Increase retention

• More ownership in learning• More ownership in learning

• Less lecturing by facilitators

• More exciting classroom experience

• Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

Group Task

Selected Methods of Active LearningSelected Methods of Active Learning

Think, Pair and Share

The think, pair, share strategy is acooperative learning technique thatencourages individual participation and isapplicable across all grade levels and classapplicable across all grade levels and classsizes. Learners think through questionsusing three distinct steps:

Think

Pair

Share

Think, Pair and Share

Steps

• Decide on how to organize learners into pairs.

• Pose a discussion topic or pose a question. question.

• Give learners at least 1-2 minutes to think on their own. (“think time”).

• Ask learners to pair with a partner and share their thinking.

• Call on a few learners to share their ideas with the rest of the class.

Think, Pair and Share

Roundtable Brainstorming

Purpose: Generate as many answers tothe question as possible.

This involves taking turns and havingThis involves taking turns and havingteammates contribute one answer at a time.

Roundtable BrainstormingSteps:1. Listen to the question.

2. Think about all the answers that might be appropriate.

3. Write one answer on a paper while saying it out loud.

4. Pass the paper to the teammate on your left.

5. Listen to the one answer that each of your teammates will write.

6. Write an additional answer that no one has mentioned the next time the paper comes to you.

7. Listen to the additional answers from your teammates.

8. Continue contributing answers, one at a time, until time is up.

Circular Questioning•Divide into two groups

•Each member of the group asks a questionto another group member, who brieflyanswers the question.

•The exercise is complete when everyone•The exercise is complete when everyonehas asked a question.

•The facilitator can wrap up the session bysummarizing questions asked andresponses.

One minute paperWhat I learned Today (WILT)

Please take a minute to respond to the following questions:

1. Here’s what I learned in today’s lecture:

2. Here are some questions I still have: 2. Here are some questions I still have:

3. Here are some things I don’t even understand well enough to ask about:

4. Other comments or suggestions:

Jig saw methodJig saw method• Number the students as 1,2,3,4..

• Group them as Group 1, Group 2 , Group 3 and Group 4 each

containing students numbered 1,2,3,4..

• Break an assignment topic into four parts/sub-topics.

• Assign part 1 to students numbered as 1 and part 2 to students

numbered as 2 and so on.

• All the students will read, glean key ideas and become familiar with • All the students will read, glean key ideas and become familiar with

their topic.

• Students of same number will meet as a team (Team-1, Team-2,..) to

discuss their sub-topic and arrive at a consensus about the sub-topic.

• Students return to their home group with the information about their

sub-topic and share the same with the other member of their home

team.

• This facilitates all students to gain knowledge about the whole topic.

Jig saw method Jig saw method -- Group taskGroup task

Topic: Reforms to improve medical

education in India

Sub topic 1 : Reforms in Selection of students

Sub topic 2: Reforms in improving the contentsSub topic 2: Reforms in improving the contents

(Syllabus)

Sub topic 3: Reforms in delivery of contents

(T/L methods)

Sub topic 4: Reforms in assessment

Sub topic 5 : Reforms in community practice

Jig saw methodJig saw method

Why should we Use Active Learning ?• Involves learners more actively with the course

content

• Helps them apply what they are learning and usehigher order thinking skills.

• Appeals to a wide variety of learning styles andintellectual strengths.intellectual strengths.

• Active learning involves the whole student in thelearning process: head, heart and hand (3H).

• Active learning makes learners do.

• Active learning can excite learners about the subjectmatter, thus getting them more personally involvedin their own learning process.

OutliningOutlining

Outlining is a standard way to organize

information for presentation by grouping facts

and concepts; learning is at a higher level than

just memorization of facts.

I. First item

II. Second item

A. sub item

B. sub item

• 1. sub-sub item

• 2. sub-sub item

• III. Third item, etc.

Outlines on Major Aspects of Aids

• I. Transmittal of AIDS

A. Transfusions

B. Body fluids

1. Sexual

2. Non-sexual

• II. Societal Consequences of AIDS

A. Epidemic disease patternA. Epidemic disease pattern

1. Teenagers

2. Women

3. Homosexuals

B. AIDS babies

C. Increased homophobia

D. Overburdened health care

• III. Research Solutions to AIDS

A. AZT

B. HIV virus

C. Other viruses

Concept Mapping

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A625Yh6v6uQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5IXfyOi5PtI

Students Resource

• The most unused resource in teachingtoday is learners.

• Learners can teach each other and helptheir peers and themselves to achievetheir peers and themselves to achievemore in learning.

• By giving learners responsibility, it canpromote higher learning outcomes.

Collaborative Writing

Peer Teaching “I Teach You, Then You Teach Me”

Peer teaching is the process by which acompetent learner, with minimal training andwith a facilitator’s guidance, helps one orwith a facilitator’s guidance, helps one ormore students at the same grade level learna concept or skill.

Ways to Learn

• Learn by trial and error.

• Learn by dramatization, by acting it out.

• Learn by grouping, categorizing, and clarifying.

• Learn by forming concepts based on evidence and reason.

• Learn by creating conceptual maps of relationships among items or ideas.

• Learn by picturing—by seeing and recalling things that are.

• Learn by visualizing—by imagining things that might be.

• Learn by thinking metaphorically: link the known to the unknown.

• Learn about ideas by connecting them to what you already know. • Learn about ideas by connecting them to what you already know.

• Learn from failure how not to fail; from success, how to succeed.

• Learn from simulations.

• Learn by taking a job that requires the performance you seek.

• Learn by thinking for yourself—forming opinions, reaching conclusions.

• Learn intuitively: discover what you know instinctively.

• Learn by competing with others.

• Learn by playing spontaneously or in games.

• Learn from observing yourself: your thoughts, emotions, and actions.

• Learn by striving to achieve an ambitious goal.

• Learn from reflection and contemplation in solitude.

• Learn from travel—new places, new people, new activities.

• Learn by doing what has moral value (for example, helping others).

• Learn by being told—through lessons, lectures, presentations.

• Learn by being shown—from examples, demonstrations, and models.

• Learn from an on-line or distance education course.

• Learn by observing intensely.

• Learn by studying books or other print resources.

• Learn by asking someone what you want to know.

• Learn by searching the Internet.

• Learn by imitating a skilled performance.

• Learn by practicing repeatedly, especially coached practice.

• Learn by mentally rehearsing.

• Learn by seeking direct experiences.

• Learn by conducting an experiment.

• Learn by taking action in the field, by doing it.

• Learn by working cooperatively with others as a team.

• Learn by teaching someone else.

• Learn by teaching yourself.

• Learn by studying media: videos, CDs, tapes, and DVDs.

• Learn by preparing a public presentation.

• Learn by working or studying with a mentor.

Take home message

Create learning situations, involve

students, be a learning partner and

energize the learning environment

through ALM.

Thank you for your AttentionThank you for your AttentionThank you for your AttentionThank you for your Attention