a lternative p ositioning, n avigation, and t iming initiative ground rules

Federal AviationAdministrationAAlternative lternative PPositioning, ositioning,

NNavigation, and avigation, and TTiming iming InitiativeInitiative

Ground RulesGround Rules

Mitch NarinsChief Systems EngineerFAA Navigation Services

Stanford University, CaliforniaAugust 2010

2Federal AviationAdministration

Alternate Position, Navigation, and Time (APNT)August 2010

Purpose of the APNT Public MeetingPurpose of the APNT Public Meeting(per the public announcement)(per the public announcement)

1. To shareshare the current FAA perspective on future APNT requirements; and

2. To solicitsolicit input from the community on the perceived requirements and potential APNT solutions that support transition to the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen).



The APNT Public MeetingThe APNT Public Meeting……1. Is not an offer to contract now or in the future;

2. Does not imply or ensure that any future contract(s) will result;

3. Each public participant is attending voluntarily and at their own expense. The Government will not reimburse any expenses or pay for any information provided in the public or private sessions;

4. All information presented in the public session is considered to be in the public domain. All proprietary information provided in the private sessions and marked as such will be protected; and

5. No “For Official Use Only” or classified information will be discussed in either the public or private sessions.



Why APNTWhy APNT

• The Federal Aviation Administration, in compliance with national policy, needs to maintain aviation operations indefinitely in the event of a Global Positioning System (GPS) interference event or outage– Maintain safety and security

– Minimize economic impact

• Waiting for the source of the interference to be located and turned off is not an acceptable alternative.



Scaled Response ContinuumScaled Response Continuum

Threat MitigationThreat Mitigation

Operational ImpactOperational Impact

GNSS Interference EventGNSS Interference Event

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APNT Trade SpaceAPNT Trade Space

Backup CapabilityBackup Capability

NAS-SR-1000 System Requirements

Availability Rating Operation Outage Time99.999% Critical Approach & Landing 5.0 Minutes/year 99.9 % Essential Terminal Operations 8.0 Hours/year99% Routine Enroute & Oceanic 3.5 Days/year

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Transforming the NAS to NextGenTransforming the NAS to NextGen

• The transformation of the National Airspace System to the Next Generation Air Transportation System drives new requirements and increased reliance on PNT services.

• The NAS-SR-1000 will need to incorporate these new requirements to support NextGen operational initiatives

• APNT needs to address these requirements.



Mike Harrison BriefingMike Harrison Briefing

Federal AviationAdministrationAAlternative lternative PPositioning, ositioning,

NNavigation, and avigation, and TTiming iming InitiativeInitiative

AssumptionsAssumptionsandand

RequirementsRequirements

Mitch NarinsChief Systems EngineerFAA Navigation Services

Stanford University, CaliforniaAugust 2010



APNT Trade SpaceAPNT Trade Space

Backup CapabilityBackup Capability

NAS-SR-1000 System Requirements

Availability Rating Operation Outage Time99.999% Critical Approach & Landing 5.0 Minutes/year 99.9 % Essential Terminal Operations 8.0 Hours/year99% Routine Enroute & Oceanic 3.5 Days/year

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APNT Research and Development GoalsAPNT Research and Development Goals

• Provide a Cost Effective Alternative PNT service that:– Ensures continuity of operations in NextGen:

• Performance Based Navigation (PBN) – RNAV/RNP• Dependent Surveillance Operations (ADS-B Out and In)• Trajectory- Based Operations (TBO)• Four Dimensional Trajectories (4DT)

– Supports all users (GA, Business, Regional, Air Carrier, Military)

– Minimizes Impact on User Avionics Equipage by• Leveraging existing or planned equipage as much as possible• Supporting backward compatibility for legacy users• Minimizing need for multiple avionics updates for users• Providing long lead transition time (circa 2020 transition)

– Avoids Recapitalization Costs for VORs ~$1.0B• Potentially Disestablish all VORs and NDBs by 2025



The APNT Initiative within theThe APNT Initiative within theFAA’s Lifecycle Management SystemFAA’s Lifecycle Management System

Research and Systems Analysis



APNT Assumptions 1/3APNT Assumptions 1/3• In 2025, there will be “RNAV everywhere and RNP where

beneficial.”

• ADS-B Out will be mandated by 2020 anywhere a transponder is required today.

• APNT horizontal coverage will consist of the geographic area of the conterminous 48 states.

• APNT vertical coverage includes FL 600 down to 5,000 feet AGL, and sufficient terminal area coverage to support RNP 0.3 approaches wherever required for safety or economically justified.

• APNT will provide RNAV or RNP 2 en route, between RNAV or RNP 1.0 to 0.3 for terminal Class B and C airspace, LNAV or RNP 0.3 for approaches, and RNAV or RNP 1 for missed approach, where economically beneficial or required for safety



PNT Performance ZonesPNT Performance Zones

5 SM of Airport

Zone- 1Enroute High

CONUS

FL-600

FL-180

5000’ AGL

Zone- 2Enroute Low

CONUS Zone-3 TerminalOEPs + Next 100 Busiest Airports

2° Slope from 500’ AGL

27 SM89 SM



Zone 1, 2, and 3 Geographic AreasZone 1, 2, and 3 Geographic Areas



APNT Assumptions 2/3 APNT Assumptions 2/3 • APNT will be the means to continue RNAV and RNP operations

to a safe landing during periods when it is discovered that GNSS services are unavailable, due to interference.

• At least one Instrument Landing System (ILS) will be retained at airports wherever required for safety or economically justified.

• APNT will ensure backward compatibility for existing DME and DME/DME users. Based on current plans, DME will provide RNP 2 above FL 180 and RNP 1 at all OEP airports.

• Users equipped for APNT will be able to continue conducting RNAV and RNP operations (dispatch, departure, cruise, arrival) during the GNSS outage after the transition to APNT



• Users who do not equip may not be able to continue RNAV and RNP operations (dispatch, departure, cruise, arrival) in areas where GNSS is required during the GNSS outage.

• APNT service performance may not be equivalent to GPS performance (coverage, accuracy, integrity, availability, continuity), but it will support position reporting for conformance monitoring for security and provide backup timing services for CNS and other aviation applications.

• APNT services will provide alternative positioning to support a minimum of 3nm separation in terminal area operations for dependent surveillance, wherever required for safety or economically justified.

APNT Assumptions 3/3 APNT Assumptions 3/3

GNSS Challenges: GPS Testing by DODGNSS Challenges: GPS Testing by DOD

•139,795•66,018•455,805

•Geographical Area Impacted

•Maximum•Miles•2

•Minimum

•Miles•2•Average

•Miles•2

139,79566,018455,805

Geographical Area Impacted

MaximumMiles2

Minimum

Miles2Average

Miles2

•782 Hours•90 days

•Cumulative

•Duration•141 •NOTAMs

•Shortest •1.0 hour

•Average •6.63 hours

•Longest •72 hours

782 Hours90 days

Cumulative

9 Month Duration141 NOTAMs

Shortest 1.0 hour

Average 6.63 hours

Longest 72 hours



ARTCCs ImpactedARTCCs Impacted(per GPS Test NOTAM)(per GPS Test NOTAM)

ZLA Los Angeles (ARTCC) Palmdale, CA

ZDV Denver (ARTCC), CO

ZAB Albuquerque (ARTCC), NM

ZLC Salt Lake City (ARTCC), UT

ZOA Oakland (ARTCC) Fremont, CA

ZSE Seattle (ARTCC), Auburn, WA

ZFW Fort Worth (ARTCC), TX

ZHU Houston (ARTCC), TX

ZKC Kansas City (ARTCC), KS

Average Maximum

5 8

ZME Memphis (ARTCC), TN

ZTL Atlanta (ARTCC), Hampton, GA

ZID Indianapolis (ARTCC), IN

ZMP Minneapolis (ARTCC), MN

ZAN Anchorage (ARTCC), AK

ZAU Chicago (ARTCC), IL

ZAK Oakland ODAPS, CA

ZHN Honolulu (ARTCC), HI

17 out of 21 ARTCCs Impacted



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LAAS Antenna LocationLAAS Antenna Location



Guiding Principles ofGuiding Principles ofResearch and DevelopmentResearch and Development

“If we knew what we were doing, it wouldn’t be called research.”

“Do not fear to be eccentric in opinion, for every opinion now accepted was once eccentric.”



QuestionsQuestions

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