a history of arakan past & present on into bangla

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180 UvKv gvÎ ($ 4 USD) ___________________________ Arakaner Eitihash : Autit O Bartaman (A History of Arakan : Past & Present) Writen by: Dr. Mohammed Yunus, Published by: World Assembly of Muslim Youth (WAMY) Eastern Province, Dammad, K.S.A.


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بسن اهلل الرحون الرحين

الحود هلل رب العالوين والصالة والسالم على رسوله سيدنا ونبينا هحود وآله وصحبه

! أجوعين، وبعد

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myjZvb †gvnv¤§` kvn& KZ…©K 962 mv‡j evbv‡bv GKB ai‡bi Qvc hy³ Av‡iv

†ek wKQz gy`ªv cvIqv hvq, †h¸‡jv fvi‡Zi KjKvZv hv`yN‡i msi¶Y Kiv

n‡qwQj| GKB Qvcv¼ wewkó †gvnv¤§` kv‡ni Avg‡ji gy`ªv weªwUk hv`yN‡i

1 Arakan's place in civilization in the Bay in Journal of the Burma

Research Society (JBRS), Fiftieth Anniversary publications. No. 2. P.P.

491-2


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gnv hyM ïi n‡jv|


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µwgK bs bvg cvjx Dcvwa

kvmbKvj

1. †mvjvqgvb kvn& (bviv‡gBLjv)

1430-1434

2. Avjx Lvb (†gsLvix)

1434-1459

3. Kvwjgv kvn& (ev k cy)

1459-1482

4. gv_y kvn& (†`․jv)

1482-1492

5. ‡gvnv¤§v` kvn& (ev k †bv)

1492-1493


6. ‡bvix kvn& (ivs AvDs)

1493-1494

7. ‡kL †gv yjvn kvn& (mvwjsMv_y)

1494-1501

8. Bwj kvn& (†gs ivRv)

1501-1523

9. Bwjqvm kvn& (KvQvev`x)

1523-1525

10. Rvjvj kvn& (†gskv I)

1525

11. Avjx kvn& (_vUvmv)

1525-1531

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1459 mvj ch©š— e½ mvjZvbvZ Avev‡iv Bwjqvm kvnx es‡ki ivRv myjZvb


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mDRv †Mvw`bnv (Anto de souza Godinha) AvivKvb ivRvi wei‡× A¯¿

a‡ib Ges †Rvi c~e©K PÆMÖvg `~M© `Lj K‡ib 1590 mv‡ji w`‡K| wKš‧

cieZx©‡Z welqwU Av‡cvl gxgvsmvi gva¨‡g mgvavb n‡q hvq|


†mwjg kvn (1593-1612)

wmKv›`vi kv‡ni ci Zvi cyÎ †mwjg kvn (wgb ivRv MvB) 1593 mv‡j

wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib| Zvi kvmbvg‡j AvivKvb Zvi †kªô‡Z¡i Pzovš—

wkL‡i Av‡ivnY K‡iwQj, Zvi kvmbvg‡j Aí wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ AvivKvb

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ivLv †hZ| †mwjg kv‡ni kvmbvgjB AvivKv‡bi BwZnv‡m cÖ_g Ges GKgvÎ

kvmbKvj hLb AvivKvbxiv eg©xq‡ì‡K ïay weZvwoZB K‡ib wb, eis Zv‡ì

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cyÎ bv›`v evBb (1581-1599) AvivKv‡bi wei‡× Awfhvb cyb Avnevb

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AvµgY Ges jyÉ‡bi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q AvivKvb ivRvi wbKU GKwU cÎ

wj‡LwQj| AvivKvbxqiv GKwU evwnbx cvwV‡qwQj hv wmwiqvg `Lj K‡iwQj

Ges Zviv Uys¸‡ì mnvqZvq 1599 mv‡j †ç wN‡i wb‡qwQj| bMievmx Ges

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Rei `L‡ji gva¨‡g cÖvß wmwiqvg I †g․jwgqvb Zvi `xN© DcK~j mxgvbvi

mv‡_ mshy³ Kiv n‡qwQj| G Awfhvb mdj n‡qwQj †mwjg kv‡ni DrK…ó

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mdj †ç Awfhv‡bi ci, AvivKvb ivRv KZ…©K wdwjc `¨ weª‡Uv bv‡gi GK

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†_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨ AvivKv‡bi ivRv cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c wb‡qwQ‡jb|

cÖ_gZt wZwb w`qvs †_‡K cZz©MxR‡ì‡K weZvwoZ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges 1603

mv‡j cybivq m›Øxc `Lj K‡iwQ‡jb| evav wech©q m‡Ë¡I cZ©yMxR‡ì‡K

WvKvwZ, jyUZivRg~jK Kg©KvÊ n‡Z cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvqwb| `yÔ c‡¶i ga¨Kvi

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mg‡SvZvi cieZx© kvwš—c~Y© K‡qKwU eQi cZy©MxR‡ì‡K Zv‡ì wfwË my`„p

Kivi Rb¨ ch©vß mgq my‡hvM G‡b w`‡qwQj| Zviv iv‡Rï wewfbœ GjvKvq


kÎ fvevcbœ AvKw¯§K AvµgY Pvwj‡qwQj| Zv‡ì AcK‡g© AwZó n‡q

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Abyhvqx 1607 mv‡j Zvi iv‡R¨ emevmiZ cZz©MxR Awaevmx‡ì Dci

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Avkªq wb‡jv Ges wKQz †jvK mgy`ª cvwo w`‡q Ab¨Î P‡j wM‡qwQj hv‡ì g‡a¨

mxevm‡Uv †MvbRv‡jRI wQ‡jb|

G mgq m›Øx‡ci kvmK wQ‡jb g¨vby‡qj `¨ g¨v‡Uvm (Manuel de Mattos)

bv‡gi GK cZ©yMxR| 1607 mv‡j g¨v‡Uv‡mi g„Zz¨ Zvi GK Aaxb¯ Kg©KZ©v

d‡Zn Lvb‡K ‡mB Øx‡c GKwU ¯^vaxb gymwjg ¶z`ª iv‡Rï bgybv ev¯—evq‡bi

my‡hvM K‡i †`q| mxevm‡Uv †MvbRv‡jm d‡Zn Lv‡bi KvQ †_‡K m›Øxc

wQwb‡q †bqvi Rb¨ ej‡Li ivRvi mv‡_ GKUv mg‡SvZv Pzw³ ev¯—evqb K‡ib|

1609 mv‡j cZz©MxRiv cybivq m›Øxc `Lj K‡ib|

m›Øx‡c cZz©MxR‡ì cÖwZôv AvivKvb ivRvi Rb¨ wec` ms‡KZ e‡q G‡bwQj|

cZz©Mx‡Ri mgm¨v AgxgvswmZ †i‡LB †mwjg kvn 1612 mv‡j g„Zz¨ eiY

K‡ib| AvivKv‡bi BwZnv‡m †mwjg kv‡ni kvmbvgj GKwU hyMvš—Kvix

kvmbvgj wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv jvf K‡iwQj| hwÌ †ReyK kvn ÔivDK-BDÕ bMixi

mdjZvi eywbqv` cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb, wKš‧ Pwjk eQi ci Zvi mv_©K DËim~ix

†mwjg kvn HUv‡K c~Y©v½iƒ‡c m~`„p K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j gš—e¨ Kiv hvq|

ûmvBb kvn (1612-1622)


‡mwjg kv‡ni ci Zvi †R¨ôcyÎ ûmvBb kvn (wgb LvgvDs) wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY

K‡ib| e‡½i Dci †gvNj wbqš¿Y cÖwZôv ûmvBb kvn Ges m›Øx‡ci ivRv

†MvbRv‡jm Df‡qi Kv‡QB GKwU mvaviY wec` wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Zv| GLb

Zviv Df‡qB †gvNj‡ì wec‡¶ G‡K Aci‡K mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ wPš—v fvebv

Ki‡Q| KviY †gvNjiv PÆMÖvgmn `w¶Y e½‡K Zv‡ì K‡Vvi kvm‡bi Aaxb

g‡b Ki‡Zv| †gvNj my‡e`vi Bmjvg Lvb KZ©„K fyjyqv (‡bvqvLvjx) weRqB

Kvh©Zt AvivKv‡bi kvmb eë¯vq mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM G‡bw`‡q‡Q| ûmvBb kvn

Lye `ªZ †MvbRv‡j‡mi mv‡_ Zvi hveZxq SMov-weev` wgwU‡q †d‡j Ges

1614 mv‡ji wW‡m¤i gv‡mi ïii w`‡K Zvi mv‡_ mw¤§wjZfv‡e ¯j I mgy ª

c‡_ fyjyqvi Dci AvµgY Pvjvq| ûmvBb kvn& cZy©MxR †mbvevwnbx mv‡_ wb‡q

700 hy× nvZxmn wekvj GK †mbveni wb‡q PÆMÖvg n‡Z m¤§y‡L AMÖmi nb|

Aci w`‡K Zvi †b․evwnbx †MvbRv‡j‡mi †b․evwnbxi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q cvwb c‡_

mvg‡b AMÖmi nq|

fyjyqvi †gvNj nvbv`vi Avãyj Iqvwn` †`L‡jb †h nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K cÖwZ‡iva

Kiv m¤¢eci bq, Kv‡RB wZwb WvKvwZqv b`x I gvQv I Lvj n‡q DËi w`‡K

cðv`cmiY Ki‡jb hv‡Z wekvj cZz©MxR-AvivKvbxq †b․eni Zv‡K ai‡Z bv

cv‡i| G my‡hv‡M Zviv †mLv‡b GKwU Aiw¶Z GjvKv †c‡q fyjyqv I b`xi

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WvKvwZqv b`x ch©š— AMÖmi n‡jv| GKUv ch©v‡q G‡m wgÎ kw³¸‡jvi g‡a¨

fv½Y †`Lv w`j, hLb ‡MvbRv‡jm evwnbx Zv‡ì •mb¨`j‡K wdwi‡q †bqvi

wm×vš— wb‡jv| AvivKv‡bi ivRv cZz©MxR G¨vWwgiv‡ji fvB‡cv A¨v‡›UvwbI

Kvifvj‡nvmn cZz©Mx‡Ri Kg©KZ©v‡ì‡K AvUK Kij| cieZx©‡Z Gi cvëv

Reve wn‡m‡e Zviv (cZz©MxRiv) AvivKvb iYZixi G¨vWwgivjmn Ab¨vb¨

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K‡i wb‡q Ges AvivKvb ivRv‡K †gvNj‡ì mvg‡b GKvKx †d‡j †i‡L `ªZ

m›Øx‡c wd‡i †Mj| Avãyj Iqvwn` G cwiw¯wZ †_‡K my‡hvM MÖnY Ki‡Z e¨_©

nbwb| hvB †nvK wZwb Av‡iv †ewk Rbej I kw³-mvg_©¨ jvf Ki‡jb| wZwb

WvKvwZqv b`x cvi n‡q G‡m AvivKvb ivRvi Dci GKwU cvëv AvµgY


cwiPvjbv Ki‡jb Ges Zv‡K †gvNj cðv×veYKvix †mbv‡ì nv‡Z Zvi weivU

msL¨K •mb¨ Ges hy×-nvZx †d‡j †i‡L †dbx b`x w`‡q ªZ cjvqb Kiv‡Z

eva¨ Ki‡jb|

m›Øxc weRq cZz©MxR kvmb ¶gZvi m‡ev©P AR©b wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq|

cZz©MxRiv GLb PÆMÖvg I †çmn e‡½vcmvM‡ii mgMÖ c~e© DcK~j weR‡qi

wPš—vfvebv Ki‡Q Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri AMÖMwZ we‡ePbv K‡i| fyjyqv Awfhv‡b

‡MvbRv‡jm KZ©„K cÖZvwiZ n‡q AvivKvbxq ivRv Zv‡ì wfwË ev Ae¯vb‡K

aŸsm K‡i †`qvi wm×vš— wb‡jb| Aci w`‡K wdwjc `¨ weª‡Uv mvBiv‡g

wb‡R‡K ¯^vaxb wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`q| 1615 mv‡ji ïii w`‡K AvivKvbiv

m›Øx‡c Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i| †MvbRv‡jm Zvi kvmb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨

ZLb wb‡R‡K wec` msKzj Ges Lye Amnvq Ae¯vi g‡a¨ †`L‡Z cvq Ges †m

ZLb mnvqZvi Rb¨ †Mvqvq P‡j hvq| †MvbRv‡j‡mi mvnv‡hï Av‡e`b M„nxZ

n‡qwQj; Ges Zv‡K mnvqZv `v‡bi Rb¨ †Mvqvi fvBmiq †Wvg d«vbwmm‡Kv `¨

wgbv‡Rm †iv‡fvÕi (Dom Francisco de Menazes Rovo) ‡bZ„‡Z¡

AvivKv‡b GKwU iYRvnvR †cÖiY K‡ib| Zviv 1615 mv‡ji 3iv A‡±ve‡i

AvivKv‡b †c․Qvb| GiB gv‡S AvivKv‡bi ivRv WvP (Dutch) †ì mv‡_ GKUv

†RvU •Zix K‡ib| WvPiv wQj evwYR¨ †¶‡Î cZz©Mx‡ì cÖavb cªwZ‡hvMx| 15

A‡±ve‡i AvivKvb Ges WvP‡ì mgš‡q MwVZ †h․_ evwnbx cZz©MxR AwfhvÎx

evwnbxi Dci AvµgY Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i| Zzgyj †b․hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q

`yÕc‡¶iB e¨vcK ¶q-¶wZ mvwaZ nq Ges cwi‡k‡l cZ©yMxRiv civRq eiY

K‡i| †MvbRv‡jm m›Øxc n‡Z cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib, KviY wZwb †mLv‡b Zvi

wb‡ ©k cvjb Kivi Rb¨ KvD‡K L uy‡R cvbwb| Zvi nZwenej Abymvixiv

wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ SMov-weev` evwa‡q w`j Ges AvivKvbxq‡ì‡K ØxcwU `Lj

Kivi AbygwZ w`‡jv| 1615 mv‡j AvivKvb KZ…©K m›Øxc `Lj cZz©MxR‡ì †m

AÂ‡j GKwU mvgyw ªK I agx©q ivR¨ cÖwZôvi ¯cœ‡K ZQbQ K‡i w`‡qwQj|


c~e© cÖv‡š— mvBwiqvg Ges ‡ç evg©vi ivRv AvbvD‡cUjv‡bi (Anaupetlun)

Kv‡Q †n‡iwQj| wKš‧ c~e© mxgv‡š— wQqv‡gi mv‡_ evg©vi ivRvi Pzw³i d‡j

ûmvBb kvn wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ ¯w — †c‡qwQj| m›Øxc `Lj Kiv n‡qwQj Ges

evgx©R I cZz©MxR Df‡qB Zv‡ì ûgwK cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i wb‡qwQj| G mKj

Kvi‡YB AvivKv‡bi ivRv bZzb K‡i fyjyqvi Dci Zvi AvµgY cwiPvjbv

K‡iwQj| c~e©eZx© NUbv Abyhvqx †m mgqI †gvNj Ô_vbv`viÕ Avãyj Iqvwn`

WvKvwZqv b`xi wbK‡U AwaK myweavRbK Ae¯vb †_‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b Kivi

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D‡jL‡hvM¨ msL¨K Ak¦v‡ivnx •mb¨ wb‡q WvKvwZqv b`xi wbKU GKwU

Rjvf~wgi wecix‡Z †Mvc‡b IZ †c‡Z Ae¯vb wb‡qwQ‡jb| AvivKvb ivRv

hLb †mB vbwU AwZµg Kij wVK ZLbB b~i Avj-Øxb AK¯§vr Zvi Dci

Ak¦v‡ivnx Awfhvb Pvjv‡jb| Avãyj IqvwnÌ Ab¨ w`K †_‡K G‡m Zv‡K

AvµgY Kij| kÎ KZ…©K Pviw`K †_‡K †NivI n‡q AvivKvbx ‣mbïv

nZwenej n‡q coj| wec‡¶i AvµgY cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z wM‡q Zviv †Wvev-

bvjvq wbw¶ß n‡jv| Zv‡ì •mbëvwnbxi GKUv weivU Ask wbnZ n‡qwQj|

wKQz •mb¨ cvwj‡q †h‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| wKš‧ ivRv wb‡R Zvi fvB‡cv Ges

hy×-nvZxmn Kv`v gvwU‡Z AvU‡K c‡owQ‡jb| Pig msKUvcbœ gyn~‡Z© wZwb Zvi

mKj Kg©KZ©v, Zvi fvB‡cvmn mKj Rbej, hy× nvZx Ges Ab¨vb¨ hy×

DcKiYvw` mgc©Y Kivi cÖ —ve w`‡q Ôkvwš—Õ cÖv_©bv Ki‡jb| ïay ¯^xq cÖvY I

e¨w³MZ ¯^vaxbZv i¶v K‡i Zv‡K wdwi‡q †`qvi Aby‡iva Rvbv‡jb| Avãyj

Iqvwn` Zvi G Av‡e`b MÖnY Ki‡jb Ges wZwb ïaygvÎ AvivKvb ivRv‡K

GKvKx PÆMÖv‡g wd‡i hvevi AbygwZ w`‡jb|

1616 mv‡ji †deªqvix gv‡m †gvNj my‡e`vi Kvwkg Lvb PÆMÖvg n‡Z AvivKvb

ivRv‡K weZvwoZ K‡i H ¯vb `Lj Kivi Rb¨ Avãyj bvex Gi ‡bZ„‡Z¡

†mLv‡b GKwU Awfhvb cvVv‡jb | mxZvKz‡Êi wbKU LvUMv‡i †gvNj •mb¨‡ì

AMÖMwZ _vwg‡q †`qv n‡qwQj| AvivKv‡bi ivRv LvUMv‡i GKwU •mb¨ N uvwU

¯vcb K‡iwQj Ges cÖvq 1000 iYZix Øviv †mUv‡K mymw¾Z K‡iwQj|


Avãyj bvex cÖv_wgK fv‡e cÖPÊ AvNvZ †n‡b †mB `~M©wU `Lj Kivi c`‡¶c

wb‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‧ wZwb †mB c`‡¶‡c e¨_© n‡q `~M©wU‡K Pviw`K †_‡K

Ae‡iva K‡i ivL‡jb| `xN© w`b a‡i Ae‡iva Pjvi d‡j †mLv‡b Lv`¨

mieiv‡ni msKU †`Lv w`j Ges Gi d‡j †gvNjMY 1616 mv‡ji †g gv‡mi

g‡a¨ Ae‡iva Zz‡j †bqvi cÖ‡qvRb †eva Ki‡ib Ges Zviv fyjyqvq wd‡i

†M‡jb|

1616 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g e¨_© †gvNj Awfhvb ûmvBb kv‡ni cÖvwš—K bxwZ‡K Av‡iv

mymsnZ K‡iwQj| wZwb cve©Z¨ GjvKv †_‡K ïi K‡i mgy ª DcK~j ch©š—

PÆMÖv‡gi DËi GjvKv¸‡jv‡K Rbk~b¨ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges †mme GjvKvq ebf~wg

M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb, hv‡Z †gvNj‡ì m¤¢ve¨ AvµgY cÖvK…wZK fv‡eB cÖwZ‡iva

Kiv hvq| m›Øxc `L‡ji ci cZ©yMxRiv AvZœm¤úY© Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQj|

ûmvBb kvn& ZLb Zv‡ì‡K wewfbœ PvKzix‡Z wb‡qvM w`‡jb| †gvNj mgy`ª

Awfhv‡bi wei‡× cZz©MxR‡ì Iqv`vK…Z mnvqZvi wewbgq ¯îƒc Zv‡ì Rb¨

e›ì bMix w`qvs †K eivÏ †`qv n‡qwQj| Gi myev‡` cZy©MxRiv w`qvs

e›ì‡K Zv‡ì cÖavb Avevm ¯j Ges mgy`ª WvKvwZi †K›`ª we›`y‡Z cwiYZ

K‡iwQj|

ûmvBb kvn& AvivKv‡bi GKRb †kªô I me‡P‡q mdj kvmK wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K

cÖgvwYZ K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Zvi iv‡Rï mKj we‡ ªvn `gb K‡iwQ‡jb|

cZy©MxR‡ì ¶gZv‡K c½y K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| wek¦ we‡RZv †gvNj ‣mb¨‡ì‡K

wZwb civwRZ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges eg©xq‡ì AvMÖvmx Pµvš—‡K wZwb ZQbQ K‡i

w`‡qwQ‡jb|


wØZxq †mwjg kvn& (1622-1638)

1622 mv‡j ûmvBb kv‡ni ci Zvi cyÎ wØZxq †mwjg kvn& DËivwaKvix

wn‡m‡e kvmb ¶gZvq Av‡mb | AvivKv‡bi wmsnvm‡bi Dci †_‡K cZ©yMxR

ûgwK ch©vqµ‡g n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K Ges wØZxq †mwjg kvn& AvivKvbxq‡ì

wei‡× cZz©MxR‡ì WvKvwZ Kg©Kv‡Êi cÖwZ bRi bv w`‡q eis Zv‡ì‡K

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_vwKbiv kvmb ¶gZvi c~Y© wbqš¿Y cvq| wefvR‡bi gvÎ GK eQi c‡i 1938

mv‡j iv½y‡b Avev‡iv gymwjg we‡ivax `v½vi cÖv`yf©ve N‡U| _vwKb cvwU©i †bZv

As mvb AvivKv‡b GKwU †Mvcb mdi K‡i cÖvq GKB mg‡q| †mLv‡b †g‡evb

kn‡i AbywôZ GKwU m‡¤§j‡b wZwb †hvM †`b| wZwb AvivKv‡bi †ivwn½v‡ì

e¨vcv‡i Zvi bxwZ mn evg©vi ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi e¨vcv‡i †K․kj wb‡q

AvivKvbxq †e․× †bZv‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| BD‡iv‡c hLb wØZxq wek¦

hy× ïi n‡jv ZLb evg©vi MfY©i KZ©„K evg©v‡K wgÎ kw³i mv‡_ mwµq fv‡e

hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi †NvlYv †`qv nq| As mvb Ges Zvi 30 Rb mn‡hvMx

†Mvc‡b Rvcv‡b P‡j hvq| Ges †mLv‡b Zviv Rvcvbx‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZvq evg©v

¯^vaxbZv •mb¨ (Barma Independence Armey) MVb K‡i| 1941 mv‡ji

23 wW‡m¤i Rvcvbxiv iv½y‡b †evgv wb‡¶c K‡i| weªwUkiv evg©v Ges AvivKvb

†_‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i fvi‡Z P‡j Av‡m| mv‡eK †Rbv‡ij wb DBb Gi

†bZ„‡Z¡ we. AvB. G. evwnbxi cÖ_g `jwU gDjwgqvb n‡q iv½y‡b †c․Qvq 1942

mv‡ji ïii w`‡K| Gi d‡j evg©vq fviZxq‡ì Ges AvivKv‡b †ivwn½v‡ì

g‡b gvivZœK AvZ‡¼i m„wó nq| fviZxqiv BwZg‡a¨ m¤¢eci mKj iU w`‡q

evg©v †_‡K cvwj‡q †h‡Z ïi K‡i|

1942 mv‡ji gywmjg nZ¨vhÁ

hLb weªwUkiv m‡i †Mj ZLb AvivKvb wefv‡Mi cÖkvmb gM ‡e․× BD wKqvI

wKb (Un kyaw Khine) Gi Dci wbf©ikxj n‡q coj| Zvi Dci AvivKvb

wefvMxq Kwgkbv‡ii `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Kiv n‡qwQj| G cÖkvmb gM‡ì‡K

AwZgvÎvq Lywk K‡iwQj| _vwKb m`mïv wewfbœ ai‡bi `ybx©wZi Kvi‡Y

miKvi KZ…©K hv‡ì Rb¨ c‡ivqvbv Rvix Kiv n‡qwQj- Zv‡ì †Mvcb


Avkªq j n‡Z †ewi‡q Gj Ges cÖKvk¨ jyUZivR I `m~ë„wË ïi Kij|

gymjgvbiv wQj Zv‡ì Avµg‡Yi wPivPwiZ wkKvi| Rvcvbx‡ì Øviv

AvwKqv‡e †evgv wb‡¶‡ci ci †mLvbKvi wewfbœ kni I MÖvg †Q‡o AwaKvsk

gymjgvb Zv‡ì wbR¯ evox-N‡i P‡j hvq| Gi KviY wQj Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU

wg_¨v cÖPviYv Pvjv‡bv n‡qwQj †h AwZmË¡i AvwKqv‡e GKwU gymwjg we‡ivax

`v½vi cÖv`yf©ve NU‡Z hv‡Q|

Rvcvbxiv 1942 mv‡ji 23 †k gvP© AvwKqv‡e †evgv we‡ùviY NUvq, d‡j

A‡bK weªwUk, †MviLv, wecyj msL¨K AZ¨vaywbK me A ¿ †d‡j †i‡L cvwj‡q

hvq| KwZcq Kzc_Mvgx Kv‡ib m`m¨ gM ag©vÜ‡ì kw³ Av‡iv e„w× Ki‡Z

Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Gme wewµ Kij A_ev Awdmvi, cywjk Awdmvi Ges cywjk

Kb‡÷ej‡ì mKj A ¿ AvUK Kij, †h mKj A ¿ RbM‡Yi wbivcËv weavb

Ki‡Z weªwUkiv †d‡j †i‡LwQj| AwaKš‧ gM Kwgkbvi BD wKqvI wLb GKwU

†b․Kv †evSvB K‡i A ¿ I †Mvjvevi` wKqvDKZvI Ges wgbweqvq mieivn

Kij|

_vwKb m`mïv gymjgvb‡ì jvB‡m‡ÝK…Z mKj A ¿ AvUK Kij| myZivs

_vwKbiv GLb A ¿-k‡¯¿ mymw¾Z n‡jv, Ab¨w`‡K gymjgvbiv Cgv‡bi (wek¦vm)

e‡j ejxqvb n‡q A ¿wenxb Ae¯vq Lvwj nv‡Z c‡o _vKj| Avmbœ aŸshÁ

Abyaveb Ki‡Z gymjgvbiv cy‡ivcywi e¨_© n‡jv| kÎ‡ì †gvKv‡ejv Kivi

Rb¨ Zviv AjxK Kíbv †cvlY Ki‡jv| Ges Zv‡ì A‡b‡K GUvB Avkv

Ki‡jv †h, Zv‡ì gM eÜyiv Zv‡ì‡K i¶v Ki‡e| gymjgvbiv msMwVZ wQj

bv Ges Zv‡ì‡K cwiPvjbv Kivi g‡Zv †KD wQj bv|


B‡Zvg‡a¨ gMiv gymjgvb‡ì Dci AvµgY Kivi mvwe©K cÖ¯‧wZ MÖnY Kij|

Zviv wgbweqvq GKwU †Mvcb ‣eVK Ki‡jv Ges •eVK †_‡K Zviv wb‡gœv³

wm×vš— ‡jv MªnY Ki‡jv|

1. wZbwU K¨vUvMwi‡Z _vwKb ‣mbïv wef³ _vK‡e| Zv‡ì g‡a¨

GK`j e›`yK, Av‡iK`j Zievwi Ges Ab¨ `j ejg aviY Ki‡e|

2. G evwnbx¸‡jvi wPd KgvÊvi wn‡m‡e _vK‡eb mvb wKqvI As (San

Kyaw Aung), wØZxq KgvÊvi wn‡m‡e _vK‡eb gs wKqvI Ges Zzb njv

As (Tun Hla)| wKš‧ Avµg‡Yi wb‡ ©k Avm‡e †cÖwm‡W›U _vwKb _v

hvb njv (Thakin Tha Zan Hla) Ges fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U BD

†dv wLb Gi c¶ †_‡K|

3. G Avµg‡Yi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv n‡Q wbgœiƒc:

K. AvivKv‡bi ¯^vqZ¡ kvm‡bi Rb¨ hy‡× weªwUk Dcwb‡ewkK‡ì wec‡¶

Rvcvbx‡ì mg_©b †`qv|

L. †`k n‡Z mKj Kvjv‡ì‡K- mv`v Kvjv (weªwUk) Ges Kv‡jv Kvjv

(fviZxq)- Zvwo‡q †`qv Ges Zv‡ì ab m¤úwË gM‡ì Kj¨v‡Y ev‡Rqvß

Kiv|

M. ‡ivvwn½v Ges Kvgvb‡ì‡K GLv‡b _vK‡Z AbygwZ †`qv| hviv AvivKv‡b

K‡qK cÖRb¥ a‡i emevm Ki‡Q| wKš—y Zv‡ì‡KI PvUvMvBqv‡ì g‡Zv Zvwo‡q

†`qv hw` Zv‡ì †Kvb Kg©KvÊ AcÖZ¨vwkZ e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq|

†ivwn½v Ges eg©xq‡ì AvivKv‡bi Ae¯v‡bi AbygwZ welqK wm×vš—wU †bqv

n‡qwQj ïaygvÎ gM †e․×‡ì GKwU `‡ji AvB Iqv‡ki Rb¨| gymjgvbiv

`xN©w`b a‡i Zv‡ì cvkvcvwk emev‡mi d‡j Zviv gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ D`vi


`„wófw½ †cvlY Ki‡Zv| ev —weK c‡¶, evg©vi _vwKb †bZviv Ges Zv‡ì

AvivKvbxq mn‡hvMxiv AvivKv‡bi mKj gymwjg RbMY‡K wPiZ‡i DrLvZ

Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK w`b Av‡M ‡_‡KB loh‡š¿i Rvj ey‡b AvmwQj| _vwKbiv

†`L‡jv †h, Lye `ªZ evg©vi ¯^vaxbZv wbKUeZ©x nwQj Ges G wek„Lj I

Aw wZkxj cwiw¯wZ‡Z hw` gymjgvb‡ì‡K wbg~©j Kiv bv hvq Zvn‡j Zviv

¯^vaxbZv DËi evg©vq GKwU ¯vqx gv_v e¨_vi KviY n‡q _vK‡e| AvivKv‡b

gM †e․×‡ì‡K _vwKbiv cÖ‡eva w`‡qwQj †h, Zv‡ì †e․× a‡g©i Rb¨

gymjgvbiv GKwU gvivZœK ûgwK| e¯‧Z GUv wQj `ywU fwMœcÖwZg m¤úª`v‡qi

g‡a¨ ¯vqx wefvRb •Zwi Kivi Rb¨ GKwU K~U‡K․kj| hv‡Z K‡i Zviv wef³

RbMY‡K mn‡RB kvmb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges AvivKvb‡K Zv‡ì ¯vqx Dcwb‡ek

evbv‡Z cv‡i| wKš‧ Kzc_ Mvgx gMiv gymjgvb‡ì wei‡× lohš¿ Ki‡Z _v‡K

Ges Zviv gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_ GK‡Î ¯^vaxbZv Dc‡fvM Kivi cwie‡Z© Aax‡b

_vKv‡KB †ekx cQ›` Ki‡Zv| GLb, AvwKqve e¨ZxZ mgMÖ †`k †jvjyc

_vwKb‡ì Aaxb¯ n‡q co‡jv| weªwUk‡ì P‡j hvIqvi ci gyn~‡Z©B wn›`y Ges

PvUMvBqv gymjgvb‡ì †`vKvbcvU¸‡jv‡Z jyUZivR ïi n‡jv| Gme

†jvK‡ì AwaKvskB cvwj‡q †Mj| †ivwn½v‡ì‡K Zv‡ì eÜz cÖwZg PvUMvBqv

gymjgvb‡ì Z¨vM Ki‡Z wb‡ ©k †`qv n‡jv| Gme RbM‡Yi cÖvq mevB

cjvqb Ki‡jv| wKš‧ a~Z© gMiv Gi ciI _vg‡jv bv| gymjgvb‡ì evRvi

G‡Ki ci GK AhvwPZ fv‡e jyU Kiv n‡jv|

BD wcwbqv w_nv (U Pinnya Thiha), BD _v Rvb njv (U Tha zan Hla),

BD mvb wKqvI Ges BD gs wKqvD cÖgyL bv‡gi AvivKv‡bi _vwKb †bZviv

gymjgvb‡ì Dci mvaviY nZ¨vhÁ Pvjv‡bvi wb‡ ©k w`j| Gfv‡e 1942

mv‡ji 28 gvP© ee©‡ivwPZ gymwjg nZ¨vhÁ ïi n‡jv| wgqvbweqv kniZjxi

Aax‡b Pvbwewj MÖv‡gi wbiciva gymjgvb‡ì Dci _vwKbiv Suvwc‡q co‡jv|

gymjgvbiv cÖvY c‡Y hy× Ki‡jv| wKš‧ Zviv _vwKb‡ì cÖej Avµg‡Yi gy‡L

wUK‡Z cvi‡jv bv| †h‡nZz Zv‡ì ivB‡dj¸‡jv wQj AZ¨š— ¶gZvm¤úbœ Avi

gymjgvb‡ì A ¿¸‡jv wQj ¯vbxq Ges gvÜvZv Avg‡ji| gM Ges Zv‡ì cÖfy

_vwKb‡ì Øviv hy× PjvKvjxb mg‡q jyUZivR, nZ¨v, al©Y Aev‡a Pj‡Z


_v‡K| nvRvi nvRvi wbivciva cyil, gwnjv Ges wkï wbnZ nq| †ivwn½viv

civwRZ nq| A‡bK †jvKRb b`x‡Z Svwc‡q co‡jv Ges A‡b‡K e‡bi g‡a¨

nvwi‡q †Mj| muvZwi‡q hvIqv †jvK‡ì‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡jv| gM

cïiv Zv‡ì `xN© Zievwi w`‡q Aa© g„Z cyil, gwnjv Ges wkï‡ì‡K wbg©g

fv‡e Mjv †K‡U †dj‡jv| hviv †e u‡P wM‡qwQj Zv‡ì‡K aviv‡jv Qzwi w`‡q

UzK‡iv UzK‡iv K‡i †K‡U †djv n‡jv| †ivwn½v hyeZx Kb¨v Ges igYx‡ì‡K

al©‡Yi ci nZ¨v Kiv n‡jv Ges wb®úvc wkï‡ì‡KI wbôzifv‡e †g‡i †djv

n‡jv| cÖwZ‡ekx gMiv Zv‡ì (†ivwn½v) Mevw`cï, avbPvj GgbwK †cvlvK

cwiQÌ wQwb‡q wb‡q ‡Mj| ¯^Y© †i․‡cï gZ g~jëvb wRwbmcÎ _vwKb

†bZviv wb‡q wb‡jv Ges Ab¨vb¨ e¯‧ mvgMÖx ee©i WvKvZ‡ì‡K w`‡q †`qv n‡jv

| wbivciva f~³ †fvMx‡ì i‡³ †jg‡iv b`xi cvwb †jvwnZ eY© aviY Ki‡jv|

cieZ©x w`b 29 †k gvP© w¶ß gMiv †jvs ivBP G AvµgY Ki‡jv| †ivwn½viv

cÖPÊ Avµg‡Y Zv‡ì cÖwZ‡iva Kivi †Póv Ki‡jv | wKš‧ G‡Z Zviv civwRZ

n‡jv| A‡bK cyil, gwnjv Ges wkï wbnZ n‡jv| A‡bK gwnjv Zv‡ì mwZZ¡

i¶vi Rb¨ b`x‡Z Suvwc‡q co‡jv| A‡bK †jvK b`x muvZwi‡q cvUvwiwKjvi

w`‡K cvwj‡q †Mj| b`xi †Kvb GKwU cvi nIqvi RvqMvq gMiv cjvqbiZ

†ivwn½v‡ì‡K AvUK Ki‡jv| cÖ_‡g Zviv Zv‡ì gvjvgvj¸‡jv wQwb‡q wbj

Zvici Zv‡ì wbg©g fv‡e nZ¨v Ki‡jv| †ivwn½v my›ìx Kb¨v I igYx‡ì‡K

Zv‡ì evox‡Z wb‡q †Mj Ges wKQzw`b Zv‡ì †h․b evmbv wbevi‡Yi ci

Zv‡ì‡K nZ¨v Ki‡jv | _vDswM‡bv Nv‡U cÖvq 15 nvRvi ‡jvK‡K wbôzi

gM‡ì Zievwii wb‡P ewj n‡Z n‡jv| cÖvq 10 nvRvi cyil, gwnjv I wkï‡K

AvdvKvi Wvjvi gy‡L AvUK K‡i ivLv n‡jv | AvdvKvi Wvjv n‡Q GKwU

ce©Z ¸nv| Zv‡ì mKj‡K †mLv‡b nZ¨v Kiv n‡jv|

Pvbwewj Ges wgbevB kniZjxi jygevB †kvi‡K aŸsm Kivi ci _vwKbiv

wg‡evb kn‡ii gymwjg Aa~¨wlZ ivBmvDs Ges cvLv MÖv‡g AvµgY cwiPvjbv


Ki‡jv 1942 mv‡ji 1jv GwcÖj| MÖvg `ywUi 15 nvRvi †ivwn½v Awaevmx‡ì

cÖvq A‡a©K‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| ivgix kn‡ii wbKU wKqvDKwgqvI Rbc‡Ì

nZ¨vhÁ Pvjv‡bvi c`‡¶c †bqv n‡qwQj| wKš‧ Zviv A‡j․wKK fv‡e †eu‡P

†Mj| wKqvDKcvD kn‡ii gymjgvbiv KwZcq weªwUk •m‡bï mn‡hvwMZvq

wb¯—vi †c‡jb| Aí weªwUk •mb¨ c~e© †_‡KB †mLv‡b N uvwU K‡iwQj| 1942

mv‡ji 8 Gwcªj _vwKbiv wKqvDKUvD Ges evnvi cvovq AvµgY Ki‡jv|

AmsL¨ gymjgvb‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡jv |Zvici _vwKbiv gnvgywb, cvKZjx,

†kvwZwj, ev‡M©vqvcvov, bvqvmvi, Avgevox wd`vcvov, AvdvK, KvRxcvov Ges

ivIqvsMvqv cÖf„wZ MÖv‡g AvNvZ nvb‡Z ïi Ki‡jv| AvdvK MÖv‡gi me‡P‡q

abx e¨w³ Av‡e`xb, Zvi ab m¤ú` †d‡j †i‡L cvwj‡q ‡Mj| gM Avµg‡Yi

c~‡e© †m ej‡Zv ÔgMiv KzKz‡ii g‡Zv, Zzwg hw` Zv‡ì cÖwZ nvo Qz u‡o gvi

Zvn‡j Zviv bxie _v‡K| Abyiƒc fv‡e Zzwg hw` gM‡ì‡K A_©Kwi `vI

Zvn‡j Zviv †Zvgvi †Kvb ¶wZ K‡i bvÕ| wKš‧ nvq! †kl gyn~‡Z© Zvi ab

m¤úÌ Zv‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡jv bv| hwÌ †m nZ¨vhÁ †_‡K †Kvb g‡Z

cwiÎvY †cj wKš‧ Zv‡K iscy‡i kiYv_©x wkwe‡i †kl wbk¦vm Z¨vM Ki‡Z n‡jv

LyeB wb¯t Ges fMœ ü`q Ae¯vq|

B‡Zvg‡a¨ AvZvivDs Ges †cvbvMwi n‡Z gymjgvbiv duvKv n‡Z _vK‡jv Ges

_vwKb Avµg‡Yi f‡q cvwj‡q †Mj| AvwKqve kn‡ii c~‡e©i gymjgvb MÖvg-

Pvb`vgv †gIiKzj, KzBwbcivs, mvjcvov, Z‡qbcvov I ZvIKdz Ges

cvDKZvI kniZjxi MÖvg My‡jv‡Z _vwKb‡ì Avµg‡Yi fxwZ weivR KiwQj|

Abyiƒc fv‡e †ivwn½v MÖvg-†UvWvBs, †bvqvLvjx, †Rvjvcvov, wRRv Ges wKg‡K

_vwKb AvµgY I aŸs‡mi Rb¨ Uv‡M©U Kiv n‡qwQj|

Gwcª‡ji †k‡li w`‡K iv‡_WvDs I eyw_WvDs kniZjx‡Z cÖPÛ AvµgY

Pvjv‡bv nq| eyw_WvDs kniZjxi KvD‡mvb ch©š— MÖvg¸‡jv aŸsm I R¡vwj‡q

†`qv nq| eyw_WvDs Gi DË‡i Uvs evRvi Ges Zvi Pvicv‡ki MÖvg¸‡jvI


gM‡ì Avµg‡Yi wkKvi nq| †j½yBb MÖv‡gi gymjgvbiv gvÎ GKwU wW.we

e›`yK wb‡q ex‡ivwPZ fv‡e gM‡ì wei‡× hy× K‡i| wcÖbKs Gi †ivwn½viv

†b․Kvq K‡i gvq~ b`x cvi n‡q AvwKqve Øx‡c †c․‡Q| cw_g‡a¨ gMiv Zv‡ì

Dci ¸wj Pvjvq| d‡j A‡bK †jvK b`x‡Z Wy‡e gviv hvq| gwR Ges

iv‡_WvDs kniZjxi AvbyK cÖvs Ges †KvWvDs MÖv‡gi gymjgv‡biv Avkª‡qi

Rb¨ AvwKqv‡e cjvqb K‡i P‡j hvq | gvqyi‡UK, †Rvdivs Ges ivRvi wej

MÖv‡gi e¨vcK msL¨K gymjgvb Zv‡ì MÖvg ‡Q‡o AvwKqv‡e Avkªq †bq|

Avjvni A‡kl AbyMÖ‡n AvivKv‡bi gymjgvbiv wb‡R‡ì‡K nvbv`vi‡ì

AvµgY †_‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ wKQz A ¿ msMÖn K‡iwQj Ges wKQz cÖwk¶Y

MÖnY Kivi my‡hvM ‡c‡qwQj| AvwKqv‡e gymjgvb‡ì AvµgYvZ¥K Ges

cÖwZi¶vg~jK cÖ¯‧wZ AvivKvb‡ì e„nr cwim‡i AvZw¼Z K‡i †Zv‡j| d‡j

Zviv gymjgvb‡ì Dci cÖPÊ AvµgY Pvjv‡bvi mvnm †cj bv| wKQz `yó

gM‡K AvwKqv‡ei RveŸvi Mvqvdvivq Zvwo‡q †`qv n‡jv|

eg©xq Av‡›`vj‡bi djvdj gymjgvb we‡ivax nZ¨vh‡Á Drmvn hywM‡qwQj| G

nZ¨vh‡Á gvbyl I m¤ú‡ì e¨vcK ¶wZ mvwaZ nq| 1 jv‡Li ‡ekx gymjgvb

G nZ¨vh‡Á wbnZ nq| nvRvi nvRvi gymjgvb Aa~¨wlZ MÖvg aŸsm K‡i †`qv

nq| Kvjv`xb b`xi c~e©cv‡oi gymjgvb msL¨vMwiô GjvKvmg~n gymwjg

msL¨vjNy GjvKvq cwiYZ nq| wKš‧ gvbweK mf¨Zv Ges g~j¨‡ev‡ai wePv‡i

Gi ¶wZ wQj Av‡iv †ekx| 1942 mv‡ji nZ¨vhÁ AvivKvbxq‡ì g‡b Ggb

GKwU A‡gvPbxq Kv‡jv `vM †jcb Ki‡jv †h Gi ¯§„wZ ¯§iYvZx Kvj †_‡K

AvivKv‡b emevmiZ `ywU fwMœcÖZxg m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ cybteÜzZ¡ cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î

GKwU eo evav wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e|

eyw_WvDs Gi hy×- µvwš—Kvjt


1942 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡ji †kl mßv‡ni w`‡K, hLb gM‡ì cÖPÊ AvµgY

AwMœKv‡Êi b¨vq ªZ Qwo‡q cowQj ZLb KvIqvmb, †Mv ygcvov, wmbw`civs,

Avjx Bqs, dzBgvwj, †ivwqsMvWvDs Ges eyw_WvDs Ges Ab¨ mKj MÖv‡gi

gymjgvbiv Avjx Bqs Gi wgi Avn‡g` †Rvbvj, Avãyj ReŸvi †`vfvlx, Aveyj

ev‡mi †P․ayix cÖgy‡Li gZ cÖL¨vZ me gymjgvb‡ì ‡bZ…‡Z¡ gM‡ì AMÖhvÎv

cÖwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨ GKwÎZ nq| B‡Zvg‡a¨ kZ kZ mvnmx †hv×v wKjvWvDs

Gi gv÷vi myjZvb Ges nvbPyivZvi byi Avn‡g` Rvbv‡ji gZ e¨w³‡ì

†bZ…‡Z¡ gvDsWvD †_‡K Zv‡ì A ¿-k ¿ I ‡Mvjvevi` wb‡q eyw_WvDs G g~j

evwnbxi mv‡_ †hvM †`q| wKš‧ gymjgvb hviv AvivKv‡bi gaëZ©x GjvKvq

g„Zyï gyL †_‡K †e u‡P wM‡qwQj Zviv GLb gymjgvb‡ì kw³‡Z kvw³kvjx n‡q

cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †bkvq gË n‡q DV‡jv Ges Zviv Zv‡ì wbnZ wcÖqRb‡ì i‡³i

e`jv wb‡Z eyw_WvDs Gi hy‡× ¯^ZtùzZ©fv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡jv|

gymjgvbiv mKj w`K †_‡K eyw_WvDs kni‡K wN‡i ‡dj‡jv Ges Gi cÖwZ

GKwU Kvh©Ki Ae‡iva Av‡ivc Ki‡jv| hy× ïi n‡q ‡Mj| Awek¦vmx gM Ges

wKQz Pxbv Awaevmx cywjk dvuwoi ev¼vi Ges Ab¨vb¨ miKvwi feb n‡Z

cÖwZ‡iva AvµgY Ki‡jv| K‡qKw`b ci hLb eyw_WvDs Gi civRq Pzovš—

n‡q †Mj ZLb eyw_WvDs Gi fxZ mš¿ — gM I Pxbviv eyw_WvDs, AvivKvb

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†¶wc‡q Zzj‡jv †h Zviv GLb gM‡ì w÷gv‡ii Dci ¸wj el©Y Ki‡Z

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Ges wewfbœ RvwZi †bZ…e„‡›ì mv‡_ K_v ej‡jb Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ gZ wewbgq

Ki‡jb| wZwb Zv‡ì‡K c~Y© ¯^vaxbZvi Iqv`v Ki‡jb| Ges wbivcËvi

wbðqZv w`‡jb| Ges •ewP‡Îï HK¨ dg~©jvi Aax‡b Zv‡ì ms¯‥…wZ I ag©

msi¶‡Y cÖwZÁve× n‡jb | wKš‧ mxgvš—eZ©x RbMY G e¨vcv‡i D`vmxb

_vK‡jv| 1946 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m As mvb AvwKqve mdi Ki‡jb Ges †mLv‡b

wZwb gymjgvb †bZ…e„›`‡K ¯^vaxbZv DËi evg©vq Zv‡ì h_vh_ AwaKvi

msi¶‡Yi wbðqZv w`‡jb| BD As Rvb Iqvwn Ges myjZvb gvngy‡ì ‡bZ…‡Z¡

GKwU cÖwZwbwa `j wZwb gvDs`vD Ges eyw_WvDs GjvKvq cvVv‡jb| cÖwZwbwa

`‡ji KvR wQj †mLvbKvi gymjgvb‡ì‡K G. Gd. wc. Gd. Gj- G †hvM

w`‡Z msMwVZ Kiv| wKš‧ gymjgvbiv As mvb Gi G. Gd. wc. Gd. wc †Z

†hvM †`qv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡jv|

hvB †nvK, A‡bK RwUjZvmn As mvb ¯^vaxbZv DËi AvivKv‡b wewfbœ

m¤úª`v‡qi Ae¯v wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ cvs js G GKwU m‡¤§jb Av‡qvRb

Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb| HwZnvwmK cvs js m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq 1947

mv‡ji †deªqvix gv‡m| AvivKv‡b †ivwn½v e¨ZxZ mKj RvwZ‡K m‡¤§j‡b

Avgš¿b Rvbv‡bv n‡jv| Rbve iv¾v‡Ki `„wófw½i d‡j †ivwn½v‡ì‡K †nq

cÖwZcbœ Ki‡Z As mvb †K mvnm cÖ`vb Kiv n‡qwQj| Rbve iv¾vK evg©vi

mKj RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ `vex Ki‡jb| gM †e․× BD As Rvb IqvB

AvivKv‡bi mKj RbM‡Yi c¶ †_‡K m‡¤§j‡b cÖwZwbwaZ¡ KiwQ‡jb| ‡mLv‡b

mKj cÖwZwbwaivB Zv‡ì ¯^ ¯^ GjvKvi •ea ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi Av`v‡qi

Rb¨ h_vmva¨ †Póv Ki‡jv| wKš‧ AvivKv‡bi gM cÖwZwbwa bxie _vKj|

djvdj wQj †h AvivKvb eg©xq kvm‡bi Aax‡bB i‡q †Mj| ¯^vaxbZv DËi


evg©v †K›`ªxq miKvi KZ…©K wbqwš¿Z n‡Zv| †h‡nZz Zviv ivR‣bwZK c Öwµqv

n‡Z weZvwoZ wQj Ges weªwUk miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K fv‡jv †Kvb wKQzB Zv‡ì

Rb¨ Avm‡Zv bv, d‡j †ivwn½viv ZLb Kv‡q`-B-Avhg gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvni

wbKU GKwU cÖwZwbwa `j †cÖi‡Yi wm×vš— wbj| Rbve wRbœvn ZLb cvwK¯—v‡bi

¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ hy× KiwQ‡jb| gymwjg cÖwZwbwa `jwU gvDs`vD n‡Z †ei n‡q

co‡jv Ges 1947 mv‡j jv‡nv‡i Rbve wRbœvni mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡jv| Zviv

ZrKvjxb weªwUk fvi‡Zi msL¨v Mwiô wn‡m‡e `w¶Y AvivKvb‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi

g‡a¨ Aš—f©yw³i Rb¨ hy× Ki‡Z A_ev DËi AvivKv‡bi gymjgvb‡ì ¯vqZ¡

kvmb Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ eg©xq †bZv As mvb †K Pvc †`qvi Rb¨ Rbve wRbœvni

wbKU Av‡e`b Rvbv‡jv| wKš‧ cÖwZwbwa `j Rbve wRbœvni mv‡_ mivmwi

mv¶v‡Zi c~‡e© As mvb Gi we‡kl ivóª ~Z Rbve iwk` Zvi mv‡_ mv¶vZ

K‡ib| As mvb Gi c¶ †_‡K ivóª ~Z Rbve wRbœvn‡K Avk¦¯— Ki‡jb †h,

gymjgvb‡ì AwaKvimg~n mvsweavwbK fv‡e mymsnZ I cÖwZwôZ Kiv n‡e|

Gi Rev‡e Rbve wRbœvn cÖwZwbwa `j‡K Avk¦ — Ki‡jb †h Zv‡ì wPš—v Kivi

‡Kvb KviY †bB | †h‡nZz AvivKv‡bi gymjgvb‡ì fwel¨‡Zi e¨vcv‡i As

mvb †h cÖwZkÖwZ w`‡q‡Q Zv‡Z wZwb (wRbœvn) cwiZ…ß| Gfv‡e AvivKvbx

gymjgvb‡ì welqwU Ae‡njvq P‡j †Mj| evg©vq ¯vaxbZv Avmvi Rb¨

gymjgvbMY fq I k¼vi g‡a¨ cÖwZ¶v Ki‡Z jvM‡jv|

cvs As m‡¤§j‡bi ci Kbw÷Uy‡q›U G¨v‡m¤^jx Gi Rb¨ †`k e¨vcx cÖ_g

mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq 1947 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m| wKš‧ evg©vi cÖv‡`w©kK

miKvi wewfbœ †Luvov ARynv‡Z DËi AvivKv‡b wbe©vPb evavMÖ¯ — Ki‡jv| Gfv‡e

AvivKv‡bi gymjgvbiv evg©vi cÖ_g msweavb Lmov Ki‡Z AskMÖnY Kiv †_‡K

ev` c‡o †Mj| Ges wccjm fjv›Uvix AM©vbvB‡Rkb (wc. wf. I)

AvÊviMÖvD‡Ê P‡j †Mj| AvivKv‡b AwZ RvZxqZvev`x gM hviv weªwUk

cybtcÖ‡e‡ki ci AvÊvi MÖvD‡Ê P‡j wM‡qwQj Zviv AvivKv‡bi ¯vaxbZv jv‡fi

¯^cœ wb‡q GLb KwgDwb÷ Ges wc.wf.I †Z †hvM`vb Ki‡jv|


c¨vs js Kbdv‡i‡Ý (Pang long Conference) iv‡óªi bv‡g AvÂwjK

¯^vqZ¡kvmb M„nxZ n‡qwQj †m¸‡jv n‡jv- kvb, KvwPb, Kv‡ib Ges Kvqvn|

G Qvov kvb Ges KvqvnÕi `k eQi ci Zv‡ì AcmviY AwaKvi M„nxZ

n‡qwQj| Pxb AÂj mg~n we‡kl wWwfkb gh©v`vq Aby‡gvw`Z n‡qwQj| Dc‡i

D‡jwLZ c`gh©v`v †h mKj ¸Yvejxi wfwË‡Z cÖ`v‡bi wm×vš— M„nxZ n‡qwQj

†m¸‡jv wb‡gœ D‡jL Kiv n‡jv-

1. GKwU ¯^Q †f․‡MvwjK mxgv‡iLv _vKv|

2. eg©xq‡ì Zzjbvq Ab¨ Avjv`v GKwU fvlv _vKv|

3. GKwU ¯^Zš¿ HwZnvwmK †cÖ¶vcU _vKv|

4. GKwU Avjv`v mf¨Zv _vKv|

5. A_©‣bwZK fv‡e mg_©ëvb wkí‡`¨vM Ges A_©‣bwZK fv‡e AvZœ-

wbf©ikxj GKwU m¤cÖ`vq _vKv|

6. GKwU mymsMwVZ weivU Rbmgwó _vKv|

7. GKwU Avjv`v BDwbU wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU ¯^Zš¿ cwiwPwZ

†g‡b Pjvi AvMÖn _vKv|

Dc‡i ewY©Z ¸Yvejxi Av‡jv‡K Ges Dc‡i ewY©Z †`k¸‡jvi Zyjbvq

AvivKvbI †Kvb As‡k wcwQ‡q †bB| Ab¨ w`‡K AvivKvb Ôiv‡óªiÕ (State)

¸‡Y ¸YvwšZ nIqvi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ iv‡óªi Zzjbvq Gi Av‡iv A‡bK BwZevPK I

cÖksmbxq welqvw` i‡q‡Q| wKš‧ AvivKvbxiv ivóª (State) cvIqv †_‡K ewÂZ

wQ‡jv, †Kbbv c¨vs js Kbdv‡i‡Ý Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwaiv GUvi Rb¨ `vexB

†Zv‡jwb| hv‡nvK, AvivKvb cÖwZwbwa‡ì c¶ †_‡K AvivKv‡bi Rb¨ GKwU

Avjv`v I ¯^Zš¿ ivóª MV‡bi `vex bv Kiv, AvivKv‡bi AwaKvsk RbM‡Yi

AvKv¶vi cÖwZdjb n‡Z cv‡i bv| evg©vi Rb¨ ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi ïi

†_‡KB AvivKvbx †e․×iv GKwU Avjv`v iv‡óªi `vex‡Z Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e GKUv


fv‡jv Ae¯v‡b wQj| A_ev Zviv G `vexUv h_vh_ †dviv‡g Dc¯vcb K‡i‡Q|

wKš‧ G wel‡q Zviv KLbI we‡klfv‡e wQj bv| jÊ‡b AbywôZ Òevg©v

†Mvj‡Uwej m‡¤§j‡bÓ wg: Zzb As MvI (Mr. Tun Aung Gyan) Gi ‡bZ…‡Z¡

cwiPvwjZ AvivKvbx †e․× cÖwZwbwa‡ì AvivKv‡bi Rb¨ GKUv Avjv`v ivóª

`vex Kivi mKj my‡hvM wQj| hvB †nvK, eg©xq †Wwj‡MU‡ì cxovcxwo‡Z

Zviv bxie _vKj, wKš‧ Ab¨ w`‡K kvb Ges KvwPb cÖwZwbwa `‡ji m`mïv

Zv‡ì iv‡óªi Rb¨ †Rviv‡jv hyw&³ Dc¯vcb Kij|

e¯‧Z: A‡bK c~‡e©B As mvb Ges AvivKvbx †e․× †bZ…e„‡›ì g‡a¨ GKwU

†Mvcb Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡qwQj| G g‡g© †h, AvivKv‡b gymjgvb mgm¨v

gxgvsmv Kiv ch©š— AvivKvbxiv ¯^Zš¿ iv‡óªi Rb¨ `vex Ki‡e bv Ges G mgm¨v

mgvav‡bi ciB †Kej eg©xqiv AvivKvb ivóª Aby‡gv`b Ki‡e|

AvivKv‡b gymwjg msL¨v Mwiô RbM‡Yi Dcw¯wZ AvivKvbx †e․× Ges eg©xq

Df‡qi wbKUB GKUv ev¯—e mgm¨v wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡qwQj| Zviv †f‡ewQj †h

AvivKvb hw` GKwU ¯^Zš¿ ivóª wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cvq Zvn‡j GUv Zv‡ì ¯^v‡_©i

wec‡¶ hv‡e| ZvB †mLvb †_‡K gymjgvb RbMY‡K Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ me ai‡bi

c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi wm×vš— M„nxZ n‡qwQj| Zviv GUv fv‡jv K‡iB Rvb‡Zv †h

eg©xq‡ì mg_©b Qvov ïay AvivKvbx †e․×iv G KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| mg‡qi

eëav‡b hLb Zv‡ì G j¶¨ AwR©Z n‡e ZLbB AvivKvb †e․×iv Zv‡ì

wbR¯ ivóª cv‡e| G bxj b·vi m~Î a‡iB 1942 mv‡j gymwjg we‡ivax

nZ¨vhÁ Pvjv‡bv n‡qwQj| Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj AwaKvsk gymjgvb RbMY‡K bvd

b`xi Icv‡i Zvwo‡q †`qv| GKUv wba©vwiZ cwim‡i Zviv mdjKvgI

n‡qwQj| GK j¶ (1,00,000) wbnZ n‡qwQj Ges Kvjv`vb b`xi c~e©cv‡k¦©i

GjvKv gymwjg msL¨vjN y AÂ‡j cwiYZ n‡qwQj| wKš‧ Zviv Zv‡ì Uv‡M©U

cy‡ivcywi AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| gymjgvb‡ì‡K cybivq iv‡_Wvs Gi Icv‡i

Zvwo‡q †`qv hvqwb Ges wecyj msL¨K gymjgvb AvwKqve Øx‡c Ges gvq~


DcØx‡cI †_‡K wM‡qwQj| hy‡×i mgq e„wUk‡ì †_‡K cÖvß A¯¿ e‡j Zviv

ZLb Lye kw³kvjx n‡q D‡VwQj| ¯^vaxbZvi cÖvKKv‡j GKwU ¯^Zš¿ ÔivóªÕ `vex

Kivi cwiw¯wZUv AvivKvbx †e․×‡ì wbKU fxwZKi g‡b n‡qwQj| myZivs

gymjgvb mgm¨v cy‡ivcywi mgvavb nIqv ch©š— hy× cieZx© mgq¸‡jv‡Z Zviv

eg©xq‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Aax‡b _vKv‡KB cQ›` Kij|

1962 mv‡ji g‡a¨ AvivKvbx‡ì cÖwZ GKwU ¯^Zš¿ ÔivóªÕ `vexi cwiw¯wZ

Av‡iv †ekx AbyK~j n‡jv, ZLb gyRvwn` we‡`ªvn B‡Zvg‡a¨B mg~‡j DrcvwUZ

n‡q‡Q Ges gM †e․×iv AvivKv‡bi Av_©-mvgvwRK, ‣kw¶K Ges ivR‣bwZK

†¶‡Î Av‡iv †ekx AMÖmi n‡qwQj| †h‡nZz gymjgvb‡ì weivU Ask GKwU

mxgvš—eZx© †mbv kvm‡bi Aax‡b e›`x wQj ZvB gymjgvb k¼v Avi †ekx ¯vqx

nqwb| BD b~ (U Nu) wm×vš— wb‡q‡Qb †h, GUv wQj AvivKvb †e․×‡ì `xN©

cÖwZ¶xZ cÖwZÁvi cÖwZ m¤§vb †`Lv‡bvi mgq| wKš‧ bx DBb (Ne Win) Gi

†mbv Af~¨Ìvb Zv‡ì G `vex ev¯—evq‡bi cÖwµqv‡K Av‡iv wKQz mgq wejw¤^Z

K‡iwQj| evg©vi ¯^vaxbZvi cÖvKKv‡j AvivKv‡bi Rb¨ ¯^Zš¿ ÔivóªÕ AR©‡b

AvivKvb †e․× †bZv‡ì Abxnv m‡›`nvZxZ fv‡e cÖgvwYZ nq Ô AvivKv‡b ivóªÕ

Aby‡gv`b msµvš— msm`xq weZ‡K©| G wel‡q wb‡gœ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡jv|

22 †deªqvix, 1956 mv‡j ivgix msm`xq Avm‡bi cÖwZwbwa BD ev wgqvs (U

Ba Myain) KZ©„K msm‡` `vwLj K…Z AvivKv‡b ivóª Aby‡gv`b msµvš—

msweavb ms‡kvab we‡ji Rev‡e miKv‡ii gš¿x †ev wLb gvDs †MBj (Bo

Khin Maung Gale) e‡j‡Qb Ò1947 mv‡j ewMIK As mvb Gi g„Zzï c~‡e©

wZwb ivLvBb wefv‡Mi ivLvBb RvwZi welq m¤ú‡K© we‡ePbv K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb

ivLvBb †bZ…e„›`‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, Zviv wb‡RivB G wel‡q wm×vš— wb‡Z cv‡i †h,

Zviv kvb Ges LvwP‡bi b¨vq ¯^Zš¿ ÔivóªÕ MÖnY Ki‡e bv wK e„nr evg©vi Aax‡b

_vK‡e| †mB mgqKvi ivLvBb †bZ…e„›` gvBIwQj wKqvI BD (Myochit Kyaw

U) Ges BD wcwbqv (U Pinnya) g‡b Ki‡Zb †m ivLvBb‡ì Rb¨ GKUv c„_K

ivóª _vKvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| ZvB Zviv AvivKvb‡K GKwU wefvM (Division)

K‡i ivLvi e¨vcv‡i me©m¤§wZ w`‡qwQ‡jb| Avi G m¤§wZ w`‡qwQj †m mg‡q

hLb msweavb Lmov nwQj|


iv-Uv-bvqv (ivLvBb RvZxq hy³ msMVb) m`m¨ BD njv Uzb c Ö (U Hla Tun

Pru) 19 †deªqvix, 1958 mv‡j AvivKvb ivóª Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ msweavb

ms‡kvabx wej †ck Kivi mgq msm`‡K e‡j wQ‡jb †h Ò‡evwMIK As mvs

(Bogyoke Aung San) AvivKv‡bi Rb¨ ¯Zš¿ ivóª Aby‡gv`b w`‡Z m¤§Z

n‡q‡Qb|Ó Zvi G e³e¨ †cvbvwRqvb GjvKvi msm` m`m¨ BD c w_b (U Paw

Thin) KZ…©K mgw_©Z n‡qwQj| wZwb `vex Ki‡jb †h, †evwMIK As mvb

AvwKqv‡ei GKwU MÖvg wK‡qU wLb Uvb G AbywôZ GKwU wgwUs G e‡jwQ‡jb

†h, GKwU ¯Zš¿ ivóª jvf Kivi Rb¨ AvivKvbx‡ì me©‡gvU PviwU •ewkó¨

wQj| AvivKvb miKv‡ii wbKU GKwU ¯^Zš¿ ivóª Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ BD njv Uzb

(U Hla Tun) KZ…©K msweav‡bi cÖ¯—vweZ ms‡kvabxi Rev‡e gš¿x BD ev m (U

Ba Saw) msm`‡K e‡jwQ‡jb †h hLb wZwb KjKvZvq Rvcvb wec‡ei

welq¸‡jv wb‡q KvR KiwQ‡jb ZLb wZwb BD †_Bb †c gvB›U (U Thein Pe

Myent) Gi mv‡_ †`Lv K‡i AvivKvb AÂ‡ji fwel¨r wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Zvi mv‡_ Avjvc K‡iwQ‡jb †h AvivKv‡bi Rb¨ GKwU

¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ wbR¯ miKvi MÖnY Kiv wK †m AÂ‡ji †jvKR‡bi Rb¨

me©mvKy‡j¨ Kj¨vYKi n‡e| Gi Rev‡e BD †_Bb †c gvB›U (U Thein Pe

Myent) ej‡jb †h, AvivKvb wefvR‡bi ci †_‡KB AvivKvbx RbMY

HwZnvwmKfv‡e Ges †f․‡MvwjK fv‡e GKwU Avjv`v ¯^Ë¡v wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ

n‡Q &Ges GKwU wb‡R‡ì miKvi `vex Kiv Zv‡ì •ea AwaKvi| hvB †nvK,

ïi †_‡KB ivLvBb RbMY Ges eg©xq RbMY G‡ZvUvB Avš—wiKZv mnKv‡i

KvR KiwQj †h Zviv my‡L `yt‡L evgv©i cÖwZ `vqe× wQj| G AwaKvi †fvM

Kivi gva¨‡g ivLvBbiv †ekx DcK…Z n‡Z cvi‡e bv Ges eZ©gvb mn‡hvwMZv

Ae¨vnZ ivLvi d‡j Zv‡ì ¯^vfvweK mdjZvI e¨vnZ n‡e| BD ev m (U Ba

Saw) Zvi Av‡jvPbv Pvwj‡q †M‡jb G e‡j †h, 1946-1947 mv‡j evgv©i

¯^vaxbZvi c~‡e© hLb msweavb Lmov Kiv nwQj ZLb wZwb iv-Zv-bvqvÕi

(Ra-Ta-Nya) mfvcwZ Ges Ggwc BD ev gvBqvs (U Ba Myaing) Gi mv‡_

mv¶vZ K‡ib| Zvi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ‡jb †h AvivKvb wefv‡Mi AMÖMwZ

I mdjZvi Rb¨ wKfv‡e msweavb iPbv Kiv hvq| Gi Rev‡e BD ev gvBs (U

Ba Myaing) BD †_Bb †c gvB›U Gi b¨vq GKB DËi w`‡jb| BD ev m Zvi


Av‡jvPbv Pvwj‡q †M‡jb †h, 1946-1947 mv‡j ivLvBb G Gd wc Gd Gj

(AFPFL) m`m¨ Ges iv½yb G emevmiZ ivLvBb eyw×Rxex‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU

mfv AbywôZ n‡qwQj| G mfvq G Av‡jvPbv n‡qwQj †h kvb, KvwPb Ges

Kv‡ib AÂj mg~‡ni RbMY GKwU ¯^Zš¿ iv‡óªi Rb¨ `vwe RvbvwQj|

Avgv‡ì ivLvBb‡ì Rb¨ eZ©gvb Ae¯vq _vKvB Kj¨vYKi n‡e, bv wK

¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ miKv‡ii Rb¨ `vex KivB Kj¨vYKi n‡e? Gi Rev‡e ZrKvjxb

Ggwc, BD †KqvI wgb (U Kyaw Min) e‡jb, GUv Kiv n‡j AvivKv‡bi wbR¯

†Kvb dvÊ _vK‡e bv| hw` Avw_©K †Kvb dvÊ bv _v‡K Zvn‡j †mLv‡b wKQzB

Kiv hv‡e bv| Dc‡iv‡jwLZ msm`xq weZK© †_‡K Avgiv mn‡RB G hewbKv

Uvb‡Z cvwi †h, †Kb AvivKvb GKwU ¯^Zš¿ ivóª ev (State) AR©b Ki‡Z

cvij bv|

hvB †nvK, evg©vi ¯^vaxbZvi ci †h‡nZz ivLvBb‡ì Ae vi w`b w`b DbœZ

nwQj ZLb Zviv AvivKv‡bi Rb¨ GKwU ¯^Zš¿ iv‡óªi `vex Kij| AvivKvb

ivóª AR©‡bi Rb¨ hLb msm‡ì evB‡i Av‡›`vjb ïi n‡jv ZLb DËi

AvivKv‡bi gymjgvb Gg.wcÕiv AvivKv‡b GKwU ¯^Zš¿ ivóª Aby‡gv`‡bi wel‡q

gZ cv_©‡K¨ Rwo‡q coj|

beg Aa¨vq

¯vaxbZv cvieZ©x evg©vi Aax‡b AvivKvb

evgv©q ¯^vaxbZv Avmvi d‡j AvivKvbx RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ wgkª cÖwZwµqv m„wó

n‡qwQj| gymjgvb we‡ivax gM ‡e․×iv Lywk n‡qwQj| Zviv fvej †h Zv‡ì

†Nvi kÎ gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_ †gjv‡gkvi †¶‡Î Zviv DËg Ae¯v‡b i‡q‡Q|

Zviv wPš—v Kij †h, hv Zviv weªwUk Avg‡j Ki‡Z cv‡i wb GLb Zviv Zv

Aev‡a Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cvi‡e| Zviv G †e․×ev‡ì weRq Djvm e‡j we‡ePbv

KiZ| hvB †nvK, Zv‡ì ga¨Kvi GKwU †QvU `j, `ytL Abyfe Kij| †Kbbv

AvivKv‡bi ivRv Ges cÖRv meviB GKwU ¯^vaxb AvivKv‡bi `xN©w`‡bi ¯^cœ


Av‡Mi †P‡q Av‡iv civnZ n‡jv e‡j Abyf~Z n‡Q| Zviv Dcjwä Ki‡Z

cvij †h, Zviv GLb GKwU bZzb wKš‧ †Mvcb K‡jvbxi Aax‡b P‡j †Mj|

gyRvwn` we‡ ªvn

¯^vaxbZvi ¶wYK c‡iB Òd¨vwmev`x we‡ivax RbM‡Yi ¯vaxbZv msNÓ

(AFPFL) kvwmZ miKvi eë¯v GKwU weivU msL¨K gymjgvb Kg©KZ©v

Kg©Pvix‡K PvKixPz¨Z K‡i Ges Zv‡ì v‡b AvivKvbx †e․×‡ì‡K wb‡qvM

‡`q, hviv µgea©gvb nv‡i gymjgvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi wei‡× •elg¨ m„wó K‡i

Zv‡ì‡K g‡bvKó w`‡Z jvMj| Zviv Zv‡ì eo‡ì‡K Dcnvm Ki‡Zv Ges

Zv‡ì mv‡_ ‣¯ivPvix AvPiY Ki‡Zv| wKš‧ †ivwn½v‡ì wei‡× fyj

ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ KZ…©c¶ Av‡`․ †Kvb c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡iwb| Bwg‡MÖkb

(Awfevmb) KZ „©c¶ gvDs`vI, (Maungdow) eyw_WvDs (Buthidaung) Ges

iv‡_WvDs (Rathedaung) AÂj n‡Z AvwKqve ch©š— gymjgvb‡ì ZrciZvi

Dci mxgve×Zv Av‡ivc K‡i| nvRvi nvRvi gymjgvb kiYv_©x hviv 1942

mv‡j fvi‡Z cjvqb Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQj Zviv †mLv‡b wd‡i hvevi AbygwZ

†cj bv| Zv‡ì ab-m¤úwË ev‡Rqvß Kiv n‡jv|

1942 mv‡ji nZ¨vh‡Á AvnZiv ZLbI my¯ n‡q I‡V wb, hLb eg©xq

gymjgvbMY wegvZv myjf AvPi‡Y AwZô n‡q eg©xq KZ…©K 1947 mv‡j

wefvwRZ n‡qwQj| DËß KovB †_‡K Av¸‡b wb‡¶c Kivi gZ Av‡iv bZzb

kvw — Ges b„ksmZv gymjgvb‡ì Dci Av‡ivc Kiv n‡qwQj| gymjgvbiv

Gfv‡e Av‡iv msL¨vjNy nwQj| GLb Zv‡ì Aw¯—Z¡ Ges wU‡K _vKv gnv

wec‡ì g‡a¨| R‣bK ‡gvnv¤§` Rvdi whwb KvIqvj Rvdi wn‡m‡e e¨vcK

cwiwPZ Ges whwb wQ‡jb Rvcvbx cÖwk¶YcÖvß GKRb †ivwn½v, wZwb RbMY‡K

msMwVZ Ki‡Z ïi Ki‡jb| wZwb fviZ-Dcgnv‡`kxq Kwe Avjvgv

BKev‡ji MxwZ KweZv †M‡q ‡M‡q gymjgvb Rbmvavi‡Yi †PZbv‡K D¾xweZ


K‡ib Ges wZwb Zv‡ì wek¦vm, m¤§vb Ges gvnvZ¡‡K i¶vi Rb¨ Zv‡ì Rxeb

I ab-m¤ú` DrmM© Ki‡Z AvnŸvb K‡ib| gymjgvbiv me©vZœKfv‡e Zvi G

Avnev‡b mvov †`q| Rvdi gymjgvb‡ì‡K Aš—f©~³ Ki‡Z I cÖwk¶Y w`‡Z

ïi Ki‡jb| wKš‧ 1949 mvj ch©š— gyRvwn`‡ì I miKvix evwnbxi g‡a¨

D‡jL‡hvM¨ †Zgb †Kvb msNl© nqwb|

1949 mv‡j evg©vi bZzb cÖkvmb ¯vbxq Awaevmx‡ì mgš‡q GKwU mxgvš—eZx©

wbivcËv evwnbx MVb K‡i, hv evg©v AvÂwjK evwnbx (BTF) bv‡g cwiwPZ|

AvivKv‡b wewUGd (BTF) Gi beŸB fvM MwVZ n‡qwQj AvivKvb †e․×‡ì

wb‡q, we‡kl K‡i hviv gymjgvb‡ì wPi ykgb wQj| AvwKqve †Rjv cÖkvmK

wKqvI BD (Kyaw U) Gi wb‡`©kbvq wewUGd (BTF) mgMÖ DËi AvivKv‡b

GKwU mš¿vmx ivR¨ cÖwZ&ôv K‡i| †gwkb Mv‡bi ¸wj‡Z gymjgvb bi-bvix

wkïiv e¨vcK cwigv‡Y nZvnZ nq| nvRvi nvRvi eyw×Rxex, MÖvg cÖavb Ges

Ijvgv‡K KzKzi-Bu y‡ii gZ nZ¨v Kiv nq| cÖvq mKj gymjgvb MÖvg‡KB gvwUi

mv‡_ wgwk‡q †`qv nq| wewUGd b„ksmZv cÂvk nvRv‡iiI †ekx kiYv_x©‡K

ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯ —v‡b Awfevmb wb‡Z eva¨ K‡i|

gymjgvb‡ì `vexmg~n wQj AwePvi¸‡jv ms‡kvab Kiv| AvBb Abymv‡i

Zv‡ì‡K eg©xq bvMwiK wn‡m‡e emevm Kivi AbygwZ †`qv Ges •¯îvPvix

Ges Ryjygkvnxi Aaxb Zv‡ì‡K civaxb bv Kiv| Zv‡ì G `vex¸‡jv

gyRvwn` we‡`ªvn‡K evavMÖ¯— K‡iwb eis Av‡iv `ªZ MwZkxjZv I cÖmviZv

†c‡qwQj| †K›`ªxq miKvi G we‡`ªvn `gb Kivi Rb¨ e¨¯— n‡q co‡jv, hv

evg©vi Ab¨vb¨ ¯v‡b cÖv`yf©ve n‡qwQj Ges GUv‡K evg©vq wb‡qvwRZ Kiv Am¤¢e

n‡qwQj|


hvB †nvK miKvi ZLb we‡ ªvnx‡ì mv‡_ mg‡SvZv-Avjvc Ki‡Z †ek wKQz

c`‡¶c MÖnY Kij| miKv‡ii GKwU cÖwZwbwa `j Zv‡ì Kv‡Q G‡jv, Zv‡ì

`vex-`vIqvi K_v ïb‡jv wKš‧ G Av‡jvPbv cwi‡k‡l †Kvb djvdj e‡q wb‡q

G‡jv bv| 1949 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m BDwbqb wgwjUvix cywj‡ki 26Zg

e¨vUvwjqvb AvivKv‡b NuvwU ¯vcb K‡i we‡ ªvn †NvlYv Kij Ges Zviv

KwgDwbó I wcwfI‡ì mv‡_ K‡i wb‡q wKqvK wcD (Kyaukpyu) mv‡›`v‡q

(Sandoway) Ges G‡ì †Rjv mì¸‡jvi cZb wb‡q Av‡m| Gfv‡e †Kej

AvwKqve e›`‡i miKvix wbqš¿Y n«vm †c‡qwQj| Ab¨w`‡K gyRvwnìv mg¯—

DËi AvivKv‡bi AwaKvi wb‡qwQj| Ges AvivKvb †e․× we‡`ªvnx‡ì Aci

`j¸‡jv Ab¨vb¨ †Rjv¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡ì wbqš¿Y wb‡qwQj|

1951 mvj †_‡K 1954 mvj ch©š— miKvwi evwnbx¸‡jv gyRvwn`‡ì wei‡×

evrmwiKfv‡e wekvj Avw½‡K A‡bK Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡iwQj| kni Ges

cywjk duvwo †h¸‡jv gyRvwn`‡ì wbqš¿‡Y wQj, †m¸‡jv Avevi miKvwi

evwnbx‡ì Øviv cybi×vi n‡qwQj| G Awfhvb¸‡jv‡Z A‡bK msL¨K

†emvgwiK †jvK‡K •¯îZvwš¿Kfv‡e AvUK Kiv n‡qwQj, Zv‡ì Dci wbh©vZb

Pvjv‡bv n‡qwQj Ges Zv‡ì‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj| we‡`ªvnx‡ì Av¯—vbv

m‡›`‡n A‡bK evox-Ni, R¡vwj‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q| †bZ…‡Z¡i cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Ges

`jMZ hy‡×i Kvi‡Y gyRvwnìv wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ †m GjvKvi Kvh©Ki wbqš¿Y

nviv‡jv| 1951 mv‡ji w`‡K gyRvwn`-B-Avhg Rvdi KvIqvj ivR‣bwZK

cÖwZwnsmvi ekeZx© n‡q wbg©gfv‡e wbnZ nb Ges cieZx©‡Z Rbve AveŸvm

bvgK GK e¨w³ ¶gZv `Lj K‡ib| Rvdi KvIqv‡ji Aax‡b Kg©iZ GKRb

¸iZ¡c~Y© †jd‡U‡b›U K‡Y©j iwk` †ei n‡q Av‡mb Ges eyw_WvDs Gi `w¶Y-

c~e© wdDBgvjx GjvKvq Zvi `j cÖwZôv K‡ib| Aci GKRb y`©vš— KgvÊvi

Kvwkg whwb cieZx©‡Z Kvwkg ivRv bv‡g e¨vcK cwiwPwZ jvf K‡ib wZwb

wb‡R‡K †NvlYv ‡`b| †mLv‡b miKvwi evwnbx Ges gyRvwn`‡ì wewfbœ `‡ji

g‡a¨ msNl© PjwQj| 1954 mv‡ji ci Kvwkg miKv‡ii Rb¨ GKwU ¸iZi

fxwZi KviY n‡q `vuovq| Ges gvIs`vI, eyw_WvDs Ges iv‡LWvDs Gi

AwaKvsk GjvKvq gyRvwnìv Zv‡ì cÖvavb¨ cybtwe¯—vi K‡iwQj| mg‡qi g‡a¨


gyRvwn`‡ì mvaviY gymjgvb RbZv †_‡K c„_K Kivi Rb¨ miKvi GKwU

kw³kvjx ivR‣bwZK c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡ib| 25 †m‡Þ¤i, 1954 mvj, mÜ¨v

8.00 Uvq evg©vi ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x BD by (U Nu) Zvi †iwWI fvl‡Y

†ivwn½v‡K GKwU Avw` b„ZvwËK m¤cÖ`vq wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`b| ¶z`ª cwim‡i

†ivwn½v‡ì †g․wjK AwaKvi¸‡jvi cybtcÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| miKvi gymjgvb

†bZ…e„›` Ges msm` m`m¨‡ì eySv‡Z †Póv Ki‡jb †h we‡ ªv‡n hvIqvUv wQj

GKUv e„_v cÖ‡Póv †h‡nZz †ivwn½v‡ì AwaKvi BwZg‡a¨B cybtcÖwZwôZ

n‡q‡Q| gyRvwn`‡ì g‡a¨ `jxq hy‡× e¨_© n‡q ivRbxwZweìv miKv‡ii Dci

hy‡× †Kvb weRq †`L‡Z e¨_© n‡jb| Ges gymjgvb‡ì ivR‣bwZK Kvg©Kv‡Ê

DbœwZ †`L‡Z †c‡jb d‡j Zviv RbMY‡K miKv‡ii c¶vej¤b Ki‡Z DØy×

Ki‡jb| Af¨š—ixY hy‡× wQbœ-wfbœ gyRvwn`‡ì c‡¶ Rb m¤§wZ jvf Kiv

KwVb n‡q coj| RbM‡Yi cÖwZ wek¦vm nvwi‡q Zviv wewfbœ ai‡bi AcKg©

Ges wb‡R‡ì †jvK‡ì Dci AwePvi Kij| gyRvwn`‡ì evovevwo †_‡K

wb‡R‡ì i¶v Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK MÖvgevmx kn‡i ¯vbvš—wiZ n‡jv|

G ai‡bi my‡hvM MÖnY K‡i 1954 mv‡ji b‡f¤i †_‡K miKvi gyRvwn`‡ì

bxwZgvjvi wei‡× Acv‡ikb gbmyb (Operation Monsoon) bv‡gi GKwU

we —…Z Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i| gyRvwn`‡ì ¸iZ¡c~Y© †K›`ª¸‡jv `Lj n‡q

hvq Ges Zv‡ì KwZcq †bZv wbnZ nq| Kvwkg ZLb c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b cvwj‡q

†Mj| gyRvwn` Afy¨Ìv‡bi †gi`Ê †f‡½ ‡Mj| Zv‡ì `jxq KvVv‡gv‡Z

wewQbœZv NUvi d‡j cieZx©‡Z gyRvwn` Av‡›`vjb Avev‡iv `ye©j n‡q coj|

wKš‧ GUv `xN©¯vqx n‡jv| miKvi evwg©R Avwg©iv hv‡ì‡K gyRvwn`‡ì wei‡×

eënvi Ki‡Zv, †mB mKj gymjgvb‡ì mnvqZvq ¯vbxq gymjgvb‡ì mgš‡q

GKwU †¯^Qv‡mex evwnbx MVb K‡ib| gyRvwn`‡ì‡K Avev‡iv wewQbœ Kivi

D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖavbgš¿x BD by Ges cÖwZi¶v gš¿x BD ev my (U Ba Swe) 1959

mv‡j eyw_WvDs Ges gvDsWvI kni mdi K‡ib| Zviv †mB kni¸‡jv‡Z eo

eo ivR‣bwZK Rbmfv K‡ib, †mLv‡b Zviv kvb, KvwPb Ges Kv‡ib

m¤cÖ`v‡qi gZ †ivwn½v m¤cÖ`vq‡K evg©vi GKwU Avw` b„ZvwË¡K †Mvwó wn‡m‡e

D‡jL K‡ib| Zviv Zv‡ì‡K evg©vi bvMwiK‡ì mgvb AwaKvi cÖ`v‡biI


cÖwZÁv K‡ib| B‡Zvg‡a¨ gyRvwn` `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Avev‡iv wefvRb NU‡jv|

†h‡nZz DËi AvivKv‡b ¯vbxq ¯^vqË¡kvmb mnKv‡i GKwU Ògymjgvb RvZxq

GjvKvÓ (Muslim National Area) cÖwZôvq miKv‡ii cÖ¯—v‡ei wei‡× wfbœ

AwfgZ DwÌZ n‡jv| P~ovš—fv‡e gyRvwnìv Zv‡ì A ¿ mgc©Y Ki‡Z wm×vš—

wb‡jv Ges 1961 mvj †kl nIqvi c~‡e©B AwaKvsk gyRvwn` miKv‡ii Kv‡Q

AvZœmgc©Y Ki‡jv|

msm`xq MYZš¿Kvjxb AvivKvbx‡ì ivR‣bwZK Kg©KvÊ (1948-

1962 Lªx)

Av‡MB D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q ÔKbw÷Uy‡q›U G¨v‡m¤^jx (Gwm) Gi Rb¨ gvDs`vD

Ges evw_WvDs Gi `ywU GjvKv ev‡` mgMÖ AvivKvb Ry‡o mvaviY wbe©vPb

AbywôZ nq| G wbe©vP‡b gymjgvb †fvUvi wQj- mgMÖ RbmsL¨vi 98 fvM|

hvB‡nvK, ¯^vaxbZvi ci ‡mLv‡b wbe©vPb AbywôZ n‡jv Ges Rbve myjZvb

Avn‡g` I Rbve Avãyj Mvd&dvi G yB wbe©vPbx GjvKv †_‡K msm` m`m¨

wbe©vwPZ n‡jb| G. wm. wbe©vPb †_‡K ïi K‡i 1960 mv‡ji †mbv Af~¨Ìvb

ch©š— Dfq msm‡ì Rb¨ wZbwU mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq h_vµ‡g 1951,

1956 Ges 1960 mv‡j| 1951 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b gymjgvbiv 5wU

Avm‡b weRqx nq| Gi g‡a¨ 3wU Avmb wbgœ nvD‡R Ges 1wU Avmb DP

nvD‡R wQj| G. Gd. wc. Gd. Gj. weRqx nq 3wU Avm‡b Ges evKx

Avmb¸‡jv `Lj K‡i †bq iv-Uv-bvqv ev ivLvBb RvZxq hy³ msN|

gymjgvb‡ì wbR¯ †Kvb ivR‣bwZK `j wQj bv| Zviv †Kvb †Kvb mgq ¯^Zš¿

wn‡m‡e uvwo‡q Avevi KL‡bv ev G. Gd. wc. Gd. Gj. Gi mv‡_ mg_©K `j

wn‡m‡e wbe©vP‡b Ask †bq| 1956 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b DËi AvivKv‡bi

5wU AvmbB cybi×vi K‡i gymjgvbiv| iv-Uv-bvqv mvwe©K Avm‡bi gvÎ GK

Z…Zxqvsk Avm‡b weRqx nq Ges evKx Avmb¸‡jv `Lj K‡i †bq G. Gd. wc.

Gd. Gj.| 1956 mv‡ji msm` wbe©vP‡b †h mKj gymjgvb Ggwc wn‡m‡e


wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb Zvivy n‡jb- Rbve myjZvb Avn‡g`, Rbve Aveyj Lv‡qi,

Rbve BRnvi wgqv, Rbve Aveyj evkvi Ges Rbve Avãyj Mvd&dvi| iv-Uv-

bvqvÕi wbe©vwPZ weL¨vZ m`mïv n‡jb, BD wKqvI wgb (U Kyaw Min), BD

gvDs wKqvI Rvb (U Maung Kyawa Zan), BD njv Zzb cÖ (U Hla Tun Pru),

BD mvb Zzb w_b (U San Tun Khaine), BD ev †mBb (U Ba Sein), BD

As wKqvI LvBb (U Aung Kyaw Khine), BD c †_Bb (U Paw Thein) cÖgyL|

1957 mv‡j eyw_WvDs DËi wbe©vPbx GjvKvi Rb¨ GKwU Dcwbe©vPb AbywôZ

nq, †h‡nZz Rbve BRnvi wgqvi wbe©vPb evwZj K‡i Zvi wei‡× ivq cÖ`vb

Kiv nq| mv‡eK msm`xq †m‡µUvix Rbve myjZvb gvngy weªwUk-fviZ AvBb

mfvq m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wbe©vwPZ nb Ges wZwb BD by (U Nu) gš¿x cwil‡ì

¯^v¯¨gš¿x wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡fvi MÖnY K‡ib|

cvj©v‡g‡›Ui ivLvBb (†e․×) m`mïv Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ ¯^vaxb AvivKvbx

ms‡kvaxq `j (IAPG) bv‡gi GKwU msMVb Kv‡qg Ki‡jv| Zviv AvivKv‡bi

Rb¨ GKwU ¯^Zš¿ ivóª Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ cvj©v‡g‡›U `vex †ck K‡i| cÖv_wgK

ch©v‡q Zviv †ekx g‡bv‡hvMx wQj bv| wewfbœ GjvKvq ¯^Zš¿ ivóª Aby‡gv`‡bi

wel‡q cix¶v-wbix¶v Kivi Rb¨ 1947 mv‡j ixR DBwjqvgm& Kwgkb ¯vwcZ

n‡qwQj| B‡Zvc~‡e© AvivKv‡bi ivóªZ¡ Aby‡gv`‡bi cÖkœ `y‡i ivLv n‡qwQj|

Av‡iv wZbwU AvÂwjK kvqZ¡kvwmZ Kwgkb AvivKv‡b ¯^Zš¿ ivóª Aby‡gv`‡bi

wel‡q cix¶v-wbix¶v K‡iwQj | †m wZbwU Kwgkb n‡jv 1948 mv‡j MwVZ

gwš¿ BD bvBI (U Nyo) Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvÂwjK ¯^vqZ¡kvmb Kwgkb, 1948

mv‡ji A‡±ve‡i MwVZ m¨vi ev I (Sir Ba Oo) Kwgkb Ges 1950 mv‡j

MwVZ †K‡jBm Kwgkb|

gwš¿ BD bvBI Zzb (U Nyo Tun) Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ MwVZ AvÂwjK ¯^vqZ¡kvmb

Kwgk‡bi Aci wZb m`m¨ n‡jb G¨vKvD›U¨v›U †Rbv‡ij BD wKqvI wgb ( U

Kyaw Min) BD wZb (U Tin) Ges BD Zwb †dZ (U Tin Phet)| AvÂwjK

¯^vqZ¡kvm‡bi Rb¨ Z_¨ AbymÜvb Kivi cwie‡Z© D³ Kwgkb AvivKv‡bi Rb¨


wb‡gœv³ Zvr¶wYK c`‡¶ç‡jvi civgk© w`‡q miKv‡ii wbKU GKwU gaëZx©

wi‡cvU© †ck Kij|

1. A‣ea Awfevmb Kvh©Ki fv‡e `gb Kivi Rb¨ AvwKqv‡e cvwK¯—vbx

Kbmy ‡jU `ßi Ges cwðg cvwK¯ —v‡b evwg©R Kbmy¨‡jU `ßi

†Lvjv|

2. Av‡iv AwaK Kvh©Kvifv‡e we‡`ªvn `gb Kiv|

3. AvivKvb cwiw¯wZi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM †`qv|

4. miKvwi `yb©xwZ civqb Kg©KZ©v‡ì wei‡× Kvh©Kix c`‡¶c MÖnY

Kiv|

5. AvUKZK…‡ì cvewjK j GÊ AW©vi Gi 5 Gi Ab y‡Q‡ì AvIZvq

G‡b cybt cix¶v-wbix¶v Kiv Ges hviv gyw³ cvIqvi †hvM¨

Zv‡ì‡K †Q‡o †`qv |

6. ZrKvjxb cÖavb wePvicwZ m¨vi ev I (Sir Ba Oo)Õi mfvcwZ‡Z¡

1948 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m cÖavbgš¿x BD by (U Nu) KZ…©K m¨vi ev I

Kwgkb MwVZ nq| G Kwgk‡bi Aax‡b wZbwU Dc-KwgwU MwVZ

n‡qwQj| G¸‡jvi KvR wQj h_vµ‡g Kv‡ib, †gvb Ges AvivKv‡bi

RvZxq welqvw` wb‡q Z`viKx Kiv|

cÖ‡Z¨K Dc-KwgwU MwVZ n‡qwQj GKRb ivóªxq cÖwZwbwa, wZbRb cÖwZwbwa

Ges PviRb mswkó GjvKvi cÖwZwbwa wb‡q| Pvi m`m¨ wewkó AvivKv‡bi

RvZxq cÖwZwbwaiv n‡jv BD wKqvI Bb (U Kyaw Yin), BD mvb Zzb As (U

San Tun Aung), BD _v Zzb (U Tha Tun) Ges Rbve myjZvb Avn‡g`|


Zviv 1948 mv‡ji 29 †k A‡±vei Zv‡ì wbR¯ gZvgZ †ck K‡iwQ‡jb hv

wb‡gœ Dc vcb Kiv n‡jv|

1. AvivKvb welqK GKRb gwš¿ wb‡qvM †`qv Ges GUv‡K msweav‡bi

AvBb wn‡m‡e Aš—f©y³ Kiv|

2. AvivKvb welqK gš¿x‡K mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ GKwU AvivKvb welqK

KvDwÝj MVb Kiv Ges GUv‡K msweav‡b AvBb wn‡m‡e Aš—fy©³

Kiv|

3. msweav‡bi 12 Aby‡Q` Abyhvqx, AvivKvb RbM‡Yi BQvbymv‡i

AvivKvbx welqK gš¿Yvjq I AvivKvb welqK KvDwÝj KZ„©K

AvivKvb GjvKvi hveZqx Kg©KvÊ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq weavb

I AvBb Kvbyb •Zwi Kiv|

4. cuvP eQi ci G Kg© cwiKíbvi djvd‡ji Dci wbf©i K‡i

AvivKvbx RbM‡Yi BQvbyhvqx GUv cybivq cix¶v-bxix¶v Ges

ms‡kvab Kiv n‡e| A_ev GUv cy‡ivc ywi evwZj Ki‡Z n‡e|

D³ KwgwUi AvivKvbx (ivLvBb) cÖwZwbwa BD k bvI (U Shwe Baw) wb‡gœv³

cÖ —ve¸‡jv †ck K‡ib|

1. AvivKv‡bi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`¸‡jv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv Ges wkí

KviLvbvi Dbœqb NUv‡bv|

2. AvivKv‡bi Rbc_, jc_ Ges †ijc‡_i Dbœqb NUv‡bv|

3. DP wk¶v I KvwiMix wk¶vmn AvivKv‡bi gvbm¤§Z wk¶veë¯vi

Av‡iv DbœwZ mvab Kiv|

4. ¯^v¯¨ I wPwKrmv eë¯vi DbœwZ Kiv |


5. K…wl Ges evwYR¨ cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœqb Kiv |

6. evg©vi DËi cwðg mxgv‡š— †h †Kvb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ Ges

AvBb k„Ljv cwiw¯wZ wVK ivL‡Z GK A_ev `yÕ e¨vUvwjqvb ivLvBb

Avwg©‡K ¯vqx •mb¨ evwnbx‡Z †gvZv‡qb ‡`qv|

7. †evgvs †÷U (PÆMÖvg cvnvox GjvKv) Ges AvIqv wKDb (my›ìeb)

GjvKvq emevmiZ ivLvBb RvwZ‡K cybev©m‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq

¶gZv cÖ`vb Kiv|

8. AvBb cÖYqb I ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi ¶gZv cÖ`vb Kiv|

9. AvivKvb wefv‡Mi cÖ‡Z¨KwU wel‡q ¯^vqZ¡ kvmb Aby‡gv`b Kiv|

KwgwUi eg©xq m`mïv Avjv`v iv‡óªi aviYv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kij| wKš‧ Zviv

mycvik Ki‡jb †h, ¯^vqZ¡kvmbmn AvivKvb‡K evg©vi Aax‡b GKwU wefvM

evbv‡bv DwPZ| AvivKvb welqK gwš¿ wb‡qvM †`qvi cwie‡Z© ïay RvZxq

cvj©v‡g‡›U Avwg© MV‡bi ¶gZv †`qv Ges †m ai‡bi AvivKvb wefvMxq

KvDwÝj MVb Kiv DwPZ hv n‡e Av‡iv †ekx Kvh©Ki|

Z`‡š—i Pvi eQi ci 1952 mv‡j m¨vi ev I (Sir Ba Oo) Kwgkb hwÌ

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a history of arakan past & present on into bangla

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