8.4: Federalists and 8.4: Federalists and Jeffersonian RepublicansJeffersonian Republicans

A. The Rise of Political PartiesA. The Rise of Political Parties1.1. During the debate over Jay’s Treaty, shifting During the debate over Jay’s Treaty, shifting

coalitions began to polarize into political coalitions began to polarize into political factions.factions.

2.2. Hamilton’s supporters claimed the title Hamilton’s supporters claimed the title “Federalist.” “Federalist.”

3.3. Thomas Jefferson’s supporters called themselves Thomas Jefferson’s supporters called themselves “Republicans.” “Republicans.”

4.4. These coalitions shaped the election of 1796, These coalitions shaped the election of 1796, which John Adams narrowly won.which John Adams narrowly won.

5.5. Jefferson, the opposition’s candidate, became Jefferson, the opposition’s candidate, became vice president. vice president.

B. The Adams PresidencyB. The Adams Presidency

1.1. Relations with France deteriorated after Relations with France deteriorated after Jay’s Treaty.Jay’s Treaty.

2.2. When France began seizing American When France began seizing American shipping, the nation was on the brink of shipping, the nation was on the brink of war. The X, Y, Z Affair made Adams’s war. The X, Y, Z Affair made Adams’s popularity soar. popularity soar.

C. The Alien and Sedition ActsC. The Alien and Sedition Acts1. The Federalists pushed through the Alien and 1. The Federalists pushed through the Alien and

Sedition Acts that:Sedition Acts that: a. severely limited freedoms of speech and of the press; a. severely limited freedoms of speech and of the press;

and and b. threatened the liberty of foreigners.b. threatened the liberty of foreigners.

2. Republicans organized as an opposition party. 2. Republicans organized as an opposition party. 3. Federalists saw opposition to the administration 3. Federalists saw opposition to the administration

as opposition to the state and prosecuted leading as opposition to the state and prosecuted leading Republican newspaper editors. Republican newspaper editors.

4. Jefferson and Madison drafted the Virginia and 4. Jefferson and Madison drafted the Virginia and Kentucky Resolves that threatened to nullify the Kentucky Resolves that threatened to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts. Alien and Sedition Acts.

D. The Revolution of 1800D. The Revolution of 1800

1.1. Map: The Election of 1800Map: The Election of 18002.2. Adams bid for re-election was weakened by:Adams bid for re-election was weakened by:

a.a. Hamilton’s dispute with Adams; andHamilton’s dispute with Adams; andb.b. the Federalists becoming identified with oppressive war-the Federalists becoming identified with oppressive war-

mongering. mongering.

3.3. In the election of 1800, the Federalists waged a In the election of 1800, the Federalists waged a defensive struggle calling for strong central defensive struggle calling for strong central government and good order. government and good order.

4.4. By controlling the South and the West, Jefferson By controlling the South and the West, Jefferson won the election. won the election.

5.5. *Transferring of power done peacefully.*Transferring of power done peacefully.

E. Democratic Political CultureE. Democratic Political Culture

1.1. The rise of partisan politics greatly The rise of partisan politics greatly increased popular participation.increased popular participation.

2.2. American politics became more American politics became more competitive and democratic. competitive and democratic.

3.3. Popular celebrations became common and Popular celebrations became common and suffrage increased.suffrage increased.