Bell Ringer

• What is your favorite food?

• Is there any food you just can’t stand to eat or smell?

Digestive System

Responsible for: • Digestion • Absorption • Elimination

Teeth• Purpose: ▫ Mastication - chewing

Salivary Glands - Over 600 in mouth

• Produce Saliva • Saliva is made up of: ▫ Water ▫ Salt ▫ Enzymes - (amylase)

helps break down starches and sugar ▫ Anti-bacterial

compounds

Tongue• How many muscles in the tongue? ▫ Not 1, but 16 muscles

• Contains Taste Buds ▫ About 10,000 taste buds ●They dwindle with age AND they renew weekly/

biweekly

Tasting Food • Linked to your smell • Taste and smell cells: ▫ Only cells in the nervous system that are replaced

when they become old or damaged • Your sense of smell is highest at birth and gets

worse

Esophagus • 10” muscular tube from pharynx to stomach • Peristalsis ▫ Involuntary muscle contractions that move food

StomachContents: • Stomach Acid –

• pH of 1-2 (hydrochloric acid) • Mucus - protects the stomach from the acid • Pepsin – digests proteins • Chyme

• Created after about 4-5 hours of digestion

Pancreas• Produces insulin ▫ regulates sugar/fat metabolism

• Responsible for neutralizing pH in the small intestine

• It is both an endocrine (into bloodstream) and exocrine gland (into ducts)

Liver• Produces bile ▫ Yellow/green in color ●Aids in digestion of fat in small intestine

• Helps with: ▫ Metabolism ▫ Digestion ▫ Protein synthesis ▫ Glycogen storage ▫ Detoxification

• You can’t live without it

Health eSpotlight Video https://connected.mcgraw-hill.com/ssh/syllabus.syllabusLesson.do?bookId=7VNMSTK6JS81KXVQHWBW3VKOC4&syllabusId=S23LBD2XEQX511BVVXVMTMHJ9E&chapterId=GBYD3FJQCVMY59RXNB6YCX6O7O&lessonId=W66FM57LKOV9BNHTP72WXSPM18

1. Explain what happens to carbohydrates inside the small intestine.

2. Name the substance that combines with glucose to make the body's energy.

Your Digestive and Excretory SystemsBIG

IDEA Your digestive and excretory systems process the food you eat for use by your body.

Gallbladder• Stores bile & aids in fat

digestion • Gallstones ▫ Hard deposits from cholesterol

(not in the blood) ▫ Or from bilirubin – a byproduct

of red blood counts breaking down ▫ Size ranges from a grain of sand

to a golf ball! ▫ Many are asymptomatic (have no

symptoms) ▫ Medicine or surgery is required

to get rid of them

Small Intestine• Approx. 20 feet long • Contains thousands of healthy bacteria • Used for absorption of nutrients (90%) ▫ Takes about 3 - 4 hours ▫ Absorption occurs from the millions of villi

What might kill the healthy bacteria in your digestive tract? • ANTIBIOTICS ▫ Kills bacteria or inhibits their growth (both good and bad)

What can you eat to increase your healthy bacteria? • Yogurt! – contains probiotics

Appendix• Completely useless - arguments arise over its use

as a fetus and immune system Appendicitis Appendectomy

Large Intestine/Colon• About 5 feet long • Absorbs water,

vitamins, salt and eliminate waste

• Contains billions of bacteria

• It can stay here up to 36 hours

Your Excretory System

LESSON 4

Your Digestive and Excretory SystemsBIG

IDEA Your digestive and excretory systems process the food you eat for use by your body.

Lesson Home

Your Excretory System

LESSON 4

Your Digestive and Excretory SystemsBIG

IDEA Your digestive and excretory systems process the food you eat for use by your body.

• Foods that are not absorbed in the coiled small intestine move into the shorter but wider large intestine (also called the colon)

• The materials that pass through the large intestine are the waste products of digestion.

• The waste products become more solid as water is absorbed.

• The waste products are pushed into the final section of the large intestine, or the rectum.

• Muscles in the rectum and anus control the release of solid waste, or feces.

Lesson Home

Your Excretory System

LESSON 4

Your Digestive and Excretory SystemsBIG

IDEA Your digestive and excretory systems process the food you eat for use by your body.

• The excretory system controls your body's water levels.

• Your skin and lungs also help to remove waste from your body.

• Your skin gets rid of some wastes in the form of sweat. • Your lungs get rid of carbon dioxide when you exhale, or

breathe out.

Lesson Home

Lesson Review

Your Digestive and Excretory Systems

Describe the path of food from the mouth to the colon.

Digestive Problems

• Heart Burn • Indigestion • Ulcers • Flatulence • Bowel Movements • Diarrhea • Hemorrhoids

• Polyps • Colon Cancer • Tape Worms • Diabetes • Cirrhosis of the Liver

Heartburn• Causes: ▫ Chocolate ▫ Peppermint ▫ Fried and fatty foods ▫ Tomato products ▫ Caffeinated drinks ▫ Alcohol ▫ Garlic ▫ Spices ▫ Tobacco ▫ Citrus foods and drinks

Involves the opening/closing of the Sphincter Muscle

TreatmentOTC (over the counter) Surgical

• Prilosec • Tums • Zantac • Omeprazole

• LINX - Reflux Management System

• Strengthens the sphincter • Titanium ,magnetic beads

Ulcers• Cause ▫ Bacteria

• Risk Factors ▫ Excess acid ▫ Use of painkillers ● (NSAIDS)

Flatulence (gas)• Caused by the breakdown of food • Lactose intolerance is a common reason

Bowel movements (feces)How it use to be…

Polyps• Extra pieces of tissue • Can lead to colon cancer (colorectal) – 2nd leading

cause of cancer death

Polypectomy

Colon cancer

Lesson Review

Your Digestive and Excretory Systems

Imagine you just ate a huge meal from a fast-food restaurant. Now you have a stomachache. What could be the problem and the cause?

Lesson Home

Tapeworms• May grow up to 50 feet!

Diabetes

Types of DiabetesTYPE 1 TYPE 2

• Usually diagnosed in children

• Many diagnosed older than 20

• The pancreas makes little or no insulin

• Causes unknown: ● Genetics, Viruses,

Autoimmune?

• Most of diabetes cases (90-95%)

• Usually occurs in adulthood • Blood sugar reacts

abnormally to insulin production

• Many people don’t know they have it (approx. 27%)

• Excessive thirst tends to be a major warning sign

• More common due to obesity and sedentary lifestyle

What can diabetes lead to?• Atherosclerosis (leads to stroke, HD, etc.) • Blindness • Kidney failure • Amputation • Death (7th leading cause of death in the U.S.)

Tests/Treatment• Testing your blood sugar (and do it often!)

Treatment: • Insulin Injection

• Insulin Pump

Cirrhosis of the Liver• Scarring of the liver and poor liver function, even

liver failure • It is the final phase of chronic liver disease • It leads to death

• BUT! The liver has a remarkable healing ability

Kidney Stones• Solid pieces of material formed from

substances that build up in the kidneys ▫ most common is calcium build up

• From the size of a grain of sand to a pearl – even a golf ball!

• May be smooth or jagged • Typically yellow or brown • Most can be passed, but if not, you

need medical care

Signs/Symptoms

• Pain that won’t go away • Blood in urine • Fever and chills • Vomiting • Urine smells bad/cloudy • Burning sensation

How are they detected?

Treatment• Shock Wave Treatment

• Others? ▫ Tunnel surgery

◦Ureteroscope

Your Digestive and Excretory SystemsBIG

IDEAYour digestive and excretory systems process the food you eat for use by your body.

✓ Eat a healthful diet with plenty of fiber.

✓ Take time to eat and chew food thoroughly. ✓ Drink plenty of water.

✓ Take care of your teeth and gums.

✓ Wash your hands.

✓ Avoid risk behaviors.

✓ Be physically active.

Review

• What are some things you currently do to keep your digestive/excretory system healthy?

• What is something you do not do to keep your digestive/excretory system healthy?

• What is something you can start doing to keep your digestive/excretory system healthy?