7 minutes. allied powers france charles de gaulle led opposition against germany after they took...
TRANSCRIPT
Great BritainGreat Britain
Winston Churchill
Great orator and leader who kept British citizens from giving up
Churchill
Soviet Union Soviet Union (Russia)(Russia) Joseph Stalin Great Purge –
killed all people who opposed his rule or spoke against Soviet Union
Stalin
FDR and Harry Truman
FDR
Franklin D. RooseveltDies on April 12, 1945
Vice President assumes role ofPresident. Sees the country through he last few months of war – makes decision on the atomic bomb
ItalyItaly Benito
Mussolini Promised a
new Roman Empire
Mussolini
Bully
JapanJapan Emperor Hirohito Wanted full
political and economic control of Pacific
Believed in militarism and military run society
Hirohito
JapanJapan
Prime Minister Hideki TojoResponsible
for all military operations during the war
Tojo
Germany Germany Adolph Hitler Leader of Nazi
political party Blamed Jews for all
of Germany’s economic problems
Since 1933, built up troops in Rhineland
Hitler
September 1, 1939September 1, 1939
Germany invades Poland after being warned not to invade by France and Great Britain
Official start of World War II
Start of WW II in Europe In August 1939 Germany and the
Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact.
In September 1939 Germany invaded Poland
France and Britain (Poland’s allies) declared war on Germany.
The Nazis succeeded in a “blitzkrieg” of Poland and quickly continued to move west.
Polish city of Wieluń just after German bombing,1st of September 1939
Early Battles of WW IINext, France fell to the Nazis
in 1940.Throughout 1940-41, Germany attacked Britain with bombing raids, but the Royal Air Force withstood the attacks, and Hitler never invaded Britain.
German troops enter Paris June 14, 1940
U.S. U.S. “NEUTRALITY”“NEUTRALITY” Many ISOLATIONISTS in the
U.S. opposed getting involved in Europe because
1. WWI had caused financial debt2. Many believed that the
manufacturers only wanted war to profit economically
3. Death from WWI was still fresh in people’s memories
U.S. “NEUTRALITY”U.S. “NEUTRALITY”The U.S. declared official
neutrality, however, after Poland fell, Congress allowed “cash-and-carry”: The U.S. would sell arms to the Allies if they paid in cash and carried the goods away on their own ships
+ =
U.S. “NEUTRALITY”U.S. “NEUTRALITY”After France fell, FDR transferred 50 WWI destroyers to Britain in return for the use of bases in Newfoundland and the Caribbean.
“Destroyers for bases”
U.S. “NEUTRALITY”U.S. “NEUTRALITY”While Britain suffered from the
Nazi air raids night and day in 1940, Congress passed the first peacetime draft in U.S. History
After FDR was re-elected to a third term, he urged Congress to provide more direct aid to the Allied nations.
U.S. “NEUTRALITY”U.S. “NEUTRALITY”Congress passed the Lend Lease Act in 1941, which provided the Allies with weapons and supplies on credit.
FDR said it was like “lending a garden-hose to a next-door neighbor whose house was on fire.”
U.S. “NEUTRALITY”U.S. “NEUTRALITY”• To make sure the Allied
countries received the supplies, the U.S. Navy protected American merchant ships, and eventually, merchant ships were armed.
• By the fall of 1941, ships were instructed to “shoot on sight” any German submarine
Japanese aggressionIn 1937Japan invaded China and Manchuria
WHY?The U.S. placed an embargo on oil & steel to Japan.
RESOURCES!
Japanese aggressionJapan and the U.S. attempted to negotiate, but Japan refused to withdraw from China.
Japan attacked the naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941
Japanese aggression• FDR said this was “a date that
will live in infamy.”• The attack on Pearl Harbor
caused the U.S. to declare war on Japan on December 8, 1941
• Soon, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.
FDR signing the declaration of war with Japan
infamy
Building MoraleBuilding MoraleGovernment censored the media.
Ad campaigns and patriotic movies and newsreels kept up public morale.
Newsreel
Minorities in WWIIMinorities in WWIIAfrican-Americans fought in segregated units, like the Tuskegee Airmen.
Tuskeegee
Minorities in WWIIMinorities in WWIINative American Navajo Code-Talkers tricked the Japanese.
HOW? The Japanese could not figure out the
messages because Navajo is a language, not a code.
Code Talkers
Minorities had many casualties & won many medals.
African-Americans and
women moved to northern cities to work in factories.
War Strategies--AXISIn 1941,Germany turned against the U.S.S.R., who had been an ally before.
Germany hoped to use blitzkrieg (lightning war) to defeat the U.S.S.R. & Britain before the U.S. could get organized.
War Strategies--ALLIES “defeat Hitler first” before dealing with Japan
When the U.S. entered the war this was the deal FDR made with Churchill
Defeat him first!
War Strategies--ALLIESIn the Pacific, the U.S. went “island hopping,”
conquering one small island after another on the way to Japan.
First Major Allied Victory In North Africa, the
Germans wanted Middle Eastern oil and control of the Suez Canal.
The British defeated them at El Alamein in 1942.
El Alamein
Turning PointsThe Allies invaded Normandy on the French coast
D-Day, June 6, 1944. Allies pushed west through France until they reached Germany in 1945.
Normandy
D-Day
Soviets defeated Germans at Stalingrad after a long siege July 17, 1942-January 31, 1943.
The Germans were forced to retreat west from the USSR, and they were being pushed east out of the Mediterranean at the same time by the Allies.
Turning Points
Stalingrad
Turning PointsMidway was the first U.S. defeat of Japan in the Pacific in 1942.
This battle started the “island-hopping” campaign.
Midway
Turning PointsThe U.S. won bloody battles for Iwo Jima & Okinawa in 1945 as they approached the Japanese mainland.
Many Japanese pilots committed suicide by kamikaze attacks during these battles.
Iwo JimaOkinawa
End of WWIIU.S. dropped two atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan on Aug. 6 and 9.
V-J Day: Aug. 15, 1945
Japanese InternmentOut of fear that Japanese in America were spies they were sent to camps.
In 1942 FDR issued Executive Order 9066 which ordered the internment of over 110,000 Japanese-AmericansInternment
Japanese InternmentMany lost property & money and faced prejudice.
The Supreme Court upheld the internment in Korematsu v. U.S.
The U.S. has since apologized and provided compensation
Bataan Death March killed many U.S. POWs in the Philippines as their Japanese captors moved them from one camp to another
Hitler’s Final SolutionTargeted Jews, Gypsies, Poles, Slavs, and “undesirables” (mentally ill, homosexuals, and political dissidents).
About12 million were killed.
Genocide: systematic killing of a particular group of people
Path to Genocide