MAIZE

MAIZE

Zea mays L.

FAMILY: POACEAE

PUNJABI: JOWAR

URDU: MAKAI

MAIZE

ANNUAL

SHORT DAY

DETERMINATE

CROSS POLLINATION

SEED –CARYOPSIS-

ORIGIN

NO EXACT/SPECIFIC ORIGIN (cross pollinated)

SYNTHETIC (fodder, low yield potential)

HYBRID (grains, high yield potential)

BOTH FROM PRIMITIVE MAIZE

TOP COUNTRIES

COUNTRY PRODUCTION (T)

USA 316,165,000

CHINA 177,540,788

BRAZIL 55,394,800

MEXICO 23,301,900

ARGENTINA 22,676,900

PRODUCTION

PAKISTAN 2010

Area 974,000 ha

Production 3,707,000 tones

yield 3.80 t ha-1

23rd in world production

IMPORTANCE

3rd MAJOR CEREAL (WHEAT & RICE)

BREAD, SOUPS etc.

GRAIN USED AS FLOUR

CORN OIL, POP CORN, ENERGILE etc.

85 % CHO & 5-7 % OIL

FRESH & DRIED FODDER

CLIMATE

MIN. TEMP. = 10 °C

OPT. TEMP. = 16-18 °C

SENSITIVE TO VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE

LEAF BURN IN MAY-JUNE (hot winds)

PREFERS HIGH HUMIDITY DROUGHT RESISTANT AT EARLY STAGES

(compared with grain development stage)

SOIL

MEDIUM TEXTUTRED WELL DRAINED LOAM

CAN NOT BE GROWN IN DRY & SNADY SOILS

SENSITIVE TO SALINITY

ROOT DEVELOPMENT

ADVENTITOUS

AERIAL ROOTS (aerial/supporting)

SHOOT DEVELOPMENT JOINTED STEM

INTERNODES PITHY

2-4 CM DIAMETER

THICKER AT BASE THAN UPPER SIDE

BASE CONTAINS ROOTS

ALTERNATE LEAVES

INFLORESCENCE

TASSEL

• Male part

• Terminal part

COB/EAR

• Female part

• Mid of stalk

• Silk brown from golden, dries & fell down

PRIMARY TILLAGE

3-4 PLOUGHING

BREAKAGE OF HARD PAN

2-3 PLANKINGS

LAND LEVELLING

SEED BED PREPARTION

1-2 PLOUGHINGS

ROTARY HOE

2 PLANKINGS

RIDGES

SOWING TIME

SPRING

FEBRUARY MARCH

AUTUMN (SEASONAL)

JULY AUGUST

CULTIVAR

REGION/CLIMATE

SEED RATE

GRAIN

FLAT SOWING 30-35 Kg ha-1

RIDGE SOWING 15-20 Kg ha-1

FODDER

50-60 Kg ha-1

SOWING METHOD

BROAD CAST (FODDER)

AUTOMATIC KHARIF DRILL

DIBBLER/ MAIZE PLANTER

3-4 cm DEPTH

R-R 60-75 cm

P-P 20-25 cm

35-40 K plants ha-1

150 70 60 (NPK) Kg ha-1

ONE TON MAIZE USES

20 8 20 Kg NPK

ONE THIRD N & WHOLE P & K AT SOWING

REMAINING ONE THIRD N WITH 1ST

IRRIGATION

REMAINING ONE THIRD N AT TASSELING

FERTILIZER

IRRIGATION

6-8 IRRIGATIONS

3-4 Days After Germination

7-10 days interval in light soils

10-15 days interval in heavy soils

FLOWERING & FERTILIZATION

2 days dryness 20 % yield reduction

1 week dryness 50 % yield reduction

WEEDS

1. Cultural control

2. Chemical control

Pre-Emergence/Post-Emergence

INSECT PESTS

Root worms

Cut worms

Maize borer (most dangerous)

Army worm

Leaf hopper

DISEASES

Root rot

Rusts

Leaf blight

Ear (kernel) rot

Stunt (viral) disease

HARVESTING

SHORT DURATION VARIETIES 90 DAS

LONG DURATION VARIETIES 120 DAS

COB CHANGES COLOUR

SILK BECOMES BROWN

GRAINS BECOME HARD

COBS ARE STORED IN HEAVES FOR 3-4 DAYS

VARIETIES

AZAM

PAHARI

SARHAD SUFAID

SARHAD ZARD

JALAL 2003

SAHIWAL 2002

MMRI YELLOW

HYBRIDS

SPRING

PIONEER 3333

P 1543

HICORN 8288

NK 8441

33 M 15

NK 8711

32 F 10

SEASONAL

3025 SUFAID

919

HICORN 984

HICORN 993

HICORN 11

NK 6621

31 R 88