4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 1

By Jonathan V. L. Kiser

For

NAWTEC 11

Tampa, Florida

April 30, 2003

Recycling & WTE:On-Going Compatibility Success

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 2

Presentation Overview

• Background• Key Findings• Survey Methodology• Off-Site Recycling• On-Site Recycling• High Recycling Rates• Compatibility Examples• Case Studies• Summary

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Background

• 2002 nationwide investigation for IWSA • Reexamined whether recycling and WTE

compatible• Serves as 10-year update of first IWSA

compatibility research• 1992 effort demonstrated recycling and WTE

support one another in many ways

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Key WTE – Recycling Survey Findings

• 100% of WTE plants linked to off-site recycling programs

• 82% of WTE facilities have on-site recycling (e.g., metals, ash reuse, other)

• 57% of WTE communities have higher recycling rates than the 28% national rate

• 100% of respondents surveyed provided evidence supporting WTE and recycling compatibility

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Survey Methodology• All waste-to-energy communities contacted via email and

telephone• Questions asked:

– Off-site & on-site recycling programs– Material types– Recovery rates– Compatibility examples– Case study details for 7 communities

• Respondents included: recycling coordinators, municipal officials and waste mgt. professionals

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Off-Site RecyclingProgram Type

• All communities w/operating WTE linked to off-site recycling programs

• 91% have drop-off centers• 83% have curbside collection• 52% have materials recovery facility• 36% have other programs (e.g., composting, HHW, Hg

reduction, e-waste recycling, etc.)• Combination of programs typical

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Off-Site RecyclingProgram Type (cont.)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Drop Off Curbside MRF Other

% WTE Town

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Off-Site RecyclingType Of Materials

• Metals - 95% of communities• Plastics - 91% of communities• Glass - 88% of communities• Fiber (news, mixed paper, OCC) - 84%• Other materials (batteries, used oil, computer parts, etc.) - 67%• Combination typical

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Off-Site RecyclingType Of Materials (cont.)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Metals Plastics Glass Fiber Other

% WTE Town

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On-Site Recycling

• 77% of WTE plants recover ferrous metals• >773,000 TPY of ferrous metals recovered

• 43% of WTE plants recover other recyclables (e.g., non-ferrous, plastics, glass, wg, ash)

• >853,000 TPY of other recyclables recovered.

• 82% of WTE recover 1.6 million tons of material for recycling

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High Recycling Rates

• WTE communities, on average, have 33% recycling rate vs. 28% national rate

• 57% of WTE communities have higher recycling rates than the national rate

• Ten years ago, WTE communities had 21% avg. recycling rate vs. 17% national rate

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High Recycling Rates (cont.)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1992 2002

WTE TownsTotal U.S.

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Recycling- WTE Compatibility

• Respondents asked to rank compatibility on 1 to 5 scale (1 – not compatible; 3 - somewhat; 5 – very)

• 70% gave a ranking of 5 (very compatible) • 13% gave a ranking of four• 17% gave a ranking of three• Average score among 64 participants was 4.54

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Recycling- WTE Compatibility (cont.)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

5 - Very 3 -Somewhat

1 - Not

Response %

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Recycling – WTE Compatibility Reasons

• 84% noted communities with both are self sufficient in terms of managing waste locally

• 67% said fewer O&M problems at WTE plants due to recycling diversion programs

• 50% noted when recycling markets not available, WTE provides an alternative

• 38% said WTE promotes recycling via subsidies and incentives (e.g., tip fee surcharge)

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Recycling – WTE Compatibility Reasons (cont.)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

SelfReliance

Less O&M WTEBackup

WTESubsidy

% Response

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Recycling - WTECompatibility Examples

• Cleaner curbside recyclables stream if ferrous captured at the plant (W Palm Beach, FL; Biddeford, ME)

• Recycling & WTE work together to reduce landfilling (Hartford, CT; Honolulu, HW, Harrisonburg, VA)

• With greater local recycling, WTE can tap more commercial & spot markets - better rates, plant economics (Auburn, ME, Portland, ME)

• With aggressive local recycling, WTE can serve a larger community (Perham, MN; Marion County, OR)

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Recycling - WTECompatibility Examples (cont.)

• Recycling paper & plastics reduces MSW higher heat value, making WTE operations more efficient (Grand Rapids,MI)

• Resource Recovery a pure form of recycling since it converts waste into energy (Harrisburg, PA, Cleburne, TX)

• WTE ash can be reused and recycled, plus does not create methane or groundwater problems (Cleburne, TX, Tacoma, Wash)

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Recycling – WTE Compatibility Case Studies

• Palm Beach County, Florida• Springfield, Massachusetts• Onondaga County, New York• York, Pennsylvania• Sumner County, Tennessee• Fairfax County, Virginia• Spokane, Washington

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WTE Community Program Details

Community

WTE

TPD

Recycling

Rate

On-Site

Recycle TPY

Palm Beach, Co, FL 2,000 54% 40,502

Springfield, MA 360 31% 3,837

Onondaga Co, NY 990 66% 10,042

York Co., PA 1,344 83% 178,551

Sumner Co., TN 200 60% 43,437

Fairfax Co., VA 3,000 34% 25,082

Spokane, WA 800 41% 10,227

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WTE Community Compatibility Insights

Community

How

Compatible Other Insights

Palm Beach Co, FL Enables self sufficiency

Max. recycling of marketable materials

Springfield, MA WTE improved removing nonburnables

Contaminated recyclables burned for Btu

Onondaga Co., NY Enables self sufficiency

Max. recycling of marketable materials

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WTE Community Compatibility Insights (cont.)

Community

How

Compatible Other InsightsYork Co., PA WTE tip fee

subsidizes recycling program

WTE saves 13 acres land, 35 feet deep each yr

Sumner Co., TN WTE improved removing nonburnables

Plant availability improved to >95%

Fairfax Co., VA Enables self sufficiency

Recycle rate quadrupled since 1988

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WTE Community Compatibility Insights (cont.)

Community

How

Compatible Other InsightsSpokane, WA WTE tip fee

subsidizes recycling program

Recycle rate up from 31% to 41% since 1991

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Recycling – WTE Survey Summary

• A decades worth of evidence continues to show that recycling and WTE are compatible.

• Real world examples prove WTE & recycling together play a critical role in solving community waste management problems.