3er Foro Económico de Pesca y Acuacultura: La Acuacultura: un alterrnativa para la alimentación

Mexico City, 25 – 26 November 2013

Dr Lahsen AbabouchDirector, Policy and economics DivisionFisheries and Aquaculture Department

Food and Agriculture OrganizationRome, Italy

WHERE DOES THE MONEY COME FROM?

Global development of aquaculture: challenges and opportunities

WELCOME TO

FAOTHE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Eradicate hunger, food

insecurity and

malnutrition

Eliminate rural poverty

through socio-economic

development

Sustainable management

and utilization of natural

resources

4

Sustainable management and utilization of natural resources

Global GoalsEradicate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition

Elimination of poverty through economic and social progress for all

SO1: Contribute to the eradication of hunger, foodinsecurity and malnutrition

SO 4: Enable more inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems at local, national andinternational levels

SO 3: Reduce rural poverty SO 5: Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threatsand crises

SO 2: Increase and improve provision of goods and services from agriculture, forestry and fisheries in a sustainable manner

Organizational Outcomes

Organizational Outcomes

Organizational Outcomes

Organizational Outcomes

Organizational Outcomes

Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs

FAO Enabling Environment

Development outcome indicators for monitoring progress, which measure the long term effects to which OOs contribute

Organizational Outcome indicators to measure changes produced from the use of FAO outputs, among others

Enabling functions for improved corporate performance monitored by key performance indicators

Output indicators for monitoring FAO deliverables

Outreach

Efficient and effective administrationInformation Technology FAO Governance,

oversight and direction

4

Objective on technical quality, knowledge and services, including the cross-cutting themes: gender and governance

HOW DO WE GETTHE JOB DONE?

Putting information within reach

Sharing policy

expertise

Providing a meeting place for nations

Bringing knowledge to the field

Producing food and providing nutrition

Fishery production and utilization

Fish production

(million tonnes live weight)Per capita fish supply (kg)

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2012

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0Aquaculture for human consumption

Capture for human consumption

Non-food uses

Per capita food fish supply

Contribution of fish to human diet (2009)

Asia

Africa

Europe

Oceania

Northern America

Latin America & Caribbean

LIFDC's

WORLD

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0

22.6

19.3

11.6

11.0

7.4

7.0

24.2

16.5

Fish as percentage of total animal protein intake

A complete nutrient package

• Major source of animal proteins and micronutrients for many coastal populations

• Unique source of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (DHA, EPA) for optimal brain development and the prevention of coronary heart disease

• Unique & complete source of micronutrients (calcium, iodine, zinc, iron, selenium,...)

• Source of vitamins (A, D, B group)generally scarce in rural diets

Fish: Information

Examples of the importance of micronutrients

Micronutrient deficiency

Level of micronutrient in 100 g edible part

Recommended daily

intake for children:

250 million preschool children are vitamin A deficient

Small sized fish eaten whole, good source;

> 2 500 µg RAE in 100 g Mola (Amblypharyngodon mola)

500 µg RAE

54 countries are still iodine-deficient

Seafood nearly the only natural food source of iodine;

250 µg iodine in 100 g Cod (Gadhus morhua)

120 µg

Iron deficiency affects about 2 billion people

Small sized fish eaten whole, good source;

45 mg iron in 100 g Chanwa pileng (Esomus longimanus)

8.9 mg

800 000 child deaths per year are attributable to zinc deficiency

Small sized fish eaten whole, good source;

20 mg zinc in 100 g Chanwa pileng (Esomus longimanus)

3.7 mg

Fish: Information

Generating employment and adding value

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1961 1967 1973 1979 1985 1991 1997 2003 2008

Million tonnes (live weight)

Utilization of world fisheries production (1961-2008)

Non-food purposes

Canning

Curing

Freezing

Marketing as fresh produce

Socio-Economic importance of the fish and seafood value chain Estimated Total Value 818 US $ billion in 2008

FisheriesUS $ 100 billion Primary

processing

US $ 90 billion

Secondary processing

US $ 180 billion

Distribution

US $ 350 billion Aquaculture

US $ 98 billion

13

Employment in fisheries and aquaculture: -54.2 million persons in fisheries and aquaculture 2010

- - 195 million along the value chain- -660 - 880 million persons (12%) depend on the sector for their

livelihoods

Employment & Livelihoods

Social Aspects - Employment

• An Example from Thai shrimp sector in 2007:– Highly diverse– Many opportunities– Many people are

involved

Enabling trade

1976197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012

0

20000000

40000000

60000000

80000000

100000000

120000000

140000000

Developed countries Developing countries

Export of fish and seafood: 1976 – 2012 (US $ billion)

Source: GTIS ® (2012)

Net exports of developing countries

Moderately exploited

-20000000

-10000000

0

10000000

20000000

30000000

199020002010

Development of Aquaculture

Fishery production and utilization

0

10000000

20000000

30000000

40000000

50000000

60000000

70000000

80000000

90000000

100000000

Capture

Aquaculture2011: 62.7 million tonnes2012: 66.3 million tonnes2013: 69.9 million tonnes

million tonnes live weight

2012: estimate; 2013: forecast

Surpass by 2015

Million tonnes (live weight)

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Total capture

Capture for human consumption

Aquaculture

Aquaculture vs agriculture

Annual growth rate %

1972-1981

1982-1991

1992-2001

2002-2011

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Fruit

Milk

Eggs

Meat

Cereals

Vegetables

Aquaculture

Aquaculture vs meat

1972-1981 1982-1991 1992-2001 2002-20110

2

4

6

8

10

12

Aquaculture

Poultry Meat

Sheep and Goat

Beef and Buffalo Meat

Annual growth rate %

Aquaculture productionAmericas, Europe, Africa, and Oceania Combined. 9%

[Million Tonnes]

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

China61%

Asia91%

Aquaculture Fish Production (2003-2010)

Source: FAO (2010)

Shrimp aquaculture Production (1991-2010)

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100.0

500,000.0

1,000,000.0

1,500,000.0

2,000,000.0

2,500,000.0

3,000,000.0

3,500,000.0

4,000,000.0

OtherAfrica/Middle EastIndia & BangladeshAmericasChinaSoutheast Asia

Mill

ions

of m

etri

c to

nnes

Source: FAO (2010)

World production of bivalves by species

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

0

4000000

8000000

12000000

16000000

Mussels

Scallops, pectens

Oysters

Clams, cock-les, ark-shells

World production of bivalves by species

Scallops, pectens

Clams, cockles, arkshells

Mussels

Oysters

0% 10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

AquacultureCapture

Main producing countries (2010)

Source: FAO (2010)

Current and Future Drivers for Aquaculture Development

Demographic growth Enlargement of the middle class Increasing fish demand Stagnation of production from capture

fisheries Investment in innovations (feed, breeding,

genetics, bio-security) Political commitment to introduce investment

promotion policies and processes

Evolution de la classe moyenne million (%) (OECD, 2010)

2009 2020 2030North America 338 (18%) 333 (10%) 322 (7%)

Europe 664 (36%) 703 (22%) 680 (14%)

Central and South America

181 (10%) 251 (8%) 313 (6%)

Asia and Pacific

525 (28%) 740 (54%) 3228 (66%)

Sub Saharian Africa

32 (2%) 57 (2%) 107 (2%)

Middle east and North Africa

105 (6%) 165 (5%) 234 (5%)

Total World 1845 (100%) 3249 (100%) 4484 (100%)

Growth rate of fish production by decades

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Aquaculture Capture

1981-1990

1991-2000

2001-2010

2011-2020

Least-squares growth rate (%)

Source: FAO

Perspectives of fish supply

Fish supply (mt)2010

(baseline)

2030 (projection

)

Aquaculture 59 123

Capture fisheries 88 88

Total supply 147 211

% of aquaculture:

40 (48 for human

consumption)

58

Source: Estimation of FI Department-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Mill

ions

ton

nes

World Fish Production

Capture fisheries

Aquaculture

Source: FAO FISHSTAT

Risks• Increased risks of diseases and of international

pathogen transfer• Increased competition for water, land and

oceans• Environment pollution from nutrient

dispersion, genetic interactions and biodiversity impacts

• Feed availability and price• Carbon footprints and sustainability • Climate change

Fishmeal and Fish oilHigher prices

USD/tonne

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Fishmeal

El NiñoFish oil

Fishmeal production

El niño

Million tonnes (product weight)

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

From fish by-products

From whole fishEl Niño

Examples of FAO’s work to tackle the challenges

• Normative work• Technical assistance• Global Blue Growth Initiative (GAAP)

FAO SubCommittee on Aquaculture(3rd Session. New Delhi, India, 2006)

• Expressed concern over the emergence of a wide range of certification schemes and their cost/benefit value

• recognized the need for globally accepted norms for aquaculture production to serve:1. as a basis for improved harmonization and 2. to facilitate mutual recognition and equivalence of such

certification schemes; • Requested FAO to:

1. convene Expert Workshop (s) and 2. to play a lead role in facilitating the development of

guidelines for certification in aquaculture

Process• COFI-SC: AQ/III – 8-12 September 2006 – New Delhi, India• January 2007: Secretariat, Advisory Group, E-mail recipient list, Website • Bangkok Workshop – February 2007 Guidelines - Draft 1• Fortaleza Workshop – September 2007 Guidelines - Draft 2• Cochin, India meeting – November 2007• London meeting – February 2008 Guidelines - Draft 3• Silver Spring, Washington D.C meeting – May 2008• Beijing meeting – May 2008 Guidelines - Draft 4• COFI/AQ/IV – 6-10 October 2008 – Puerta Varas, Chile• 28th Session of COFI, 2 – 6 March 2009, Rome, Italy• Comments by members - January 2009 Guidelines Draft 5• Technical consultation March 2010 Guidelines Draft 6 • 5th Session of COFI: SC on Aquaculture, Phuket, June 2010• 29th Session of COFI, Rome, January 2011 Final Guidelines• 6th Session of COFI: SC on aquaculture, Cape Town, South Africa, March

2012 Update on implementation

Guidelines for aquaculture certification1. Background2. Scope3. Terms and Definitions4. Users5. Application

6. Principles 7. Minimum Substantive Criteria

7.1 Animal Health and Welfare (OIE) 7.2 Food Safety 7.3 Environmental Integrity7.4 Social Responsibility

8. Institutional and procedural requirements8.1 Governance8.2 Standards Setting8.3 Accreditation8.4 Certification

9. Implementation http://www.fao.org/fishery/about/cofi/aquaculture/en

Samalanga Cluster

41FAO Aceh 601/ARC Jun

2010

Economics (US$ per ha)

Profit Doubled over the year

Gross Revenue increased by 14%

42

Progress: 2007-2009

2007 2008 2009 2010

Villages11 34 84 93

Farmers47 260 1100 2656

Ha22 184 1027 2442

43FAO Aceh 601/ARC Jun

2010

Intensification (Asia Regional)Sustainable intensification of aquaculture in Asia with focus on social, economic, environmental and climate change aspects

Development(Africa Regional)Development of African aquaculture through policy assistance, aquaculture service and technology provision, commercial seed and feed development, and strengthening aquatic biosecurity

Diversification (Latin America Regional)Sustainable diversification of aquaculture in Latin America through implementation of IMTA and EAA concepts, improving sustainability of tilapia, shrimp and salmon sectors

Capacity Development (Central Asia Regional)Establishing aquaculture in Central Asia through policy and legal assistance and institutional and human capacity development

Support to Europe (Europe Regional)Technical assistance for aquaculture production for appropriate countries based on the new EU guidelines on aquaculture development

Sustainable Feeds (Global)Sourcing sustainable marine resources and producing more innovative marine resource supplements for aquaculture feeds industry

Investment (Global)Identifying investment opportunities in commercial aquaculture and assisting financial agencies to develop investment programmes in support of national development economic programmes

Technical Assistance (Global)Improving knowledge and building capacity at national levels in specific key priority technical areas

Global Fund for Aquaculture (Global)Global fund to support investment in innovations and start ups to address key gaps and to provide bridging and investments prior to commercial investment

Minimising Environmental Risks (Global)Potential GEF-6 supported programme assisting member countries to reduce environmental and biodiversity impacts of aquaculture in shared water bodies

Establishing Aquaculture(SIDS-South Pacific)Technical assistance for the South-Pacific islands for assisting establishing aquaculture through policy, technology, legal and institutional strengthening. South-Pacific sub-regional.

Sustainable Production(Gulf Region-Near East)Networking and legal and institutional strengthening towards increasing aquatic production through sustainable aquaculture

45Global Aquaculture Advancement ProgrammeDiversification - Latin America Regional

Diversification (Latin America Regional)Sustainable diversification of aquaculture in Latin America through implementation of IMTA and EAA concepts, improving sustainability of tilapia, shrimp and salmon sectorsSupport not sure?

46Sustainable Feeds (Global)Sourcing sustainable marine resources and producing more innovative marine resource supplements for aquaculture feeds industry

Investment (Global)Identifying investment opportunities in commercial aquaculture and assisting financial agencies to develop investment programmes in support of national development economic programmes

Technical Assistance

(Global)Improving knowledge and building capacity at national levels in specific key priority technical areas

Global Fund for Aquaculture (Global)Global fund to support investment in innovations and start ups to address key gaps and to provide bridging and investments prior to commercial investment

Minimising Environmental Risks (Global)Potential GEF-6 supported programme assisting member countries to reduce environmental and biodiversity impacts of aquaculture in shared water bodies

! : شكرًا

谢谢 !

Thank you!

Merci!

Gracias!

Спасибо!

Lahsen.ababouch@fao.org

Lahseno.org