33 how to prepare and give good presentations

8/6/2019 33 How to Prepare and Give Good Presentations

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How to prepare and give

excellent scientific presentationseven in your second language

For non English speakers


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Reflections and remarks

No single accomplishment is more important to successoutside the laboratory than the ability to speak

excellently in public.

Years of training are required, but the investment pays offbeautifully in career advancement and in self-

satisfaction

Carl J. SindermannWinning the games scientists play.

Strategies for enhancing your career in Science


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Oral presentation is a vital aspect

of the practice of science

Presentation of research findings

before assembled colleagues

is a critical part of a scientific career


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Good public speaking should be part of the

background and expertise of every scientist

but is often not

A significant fraction of so calledprofessional scientists

are abominable public speakers


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Scientific oral presentations can be a valuable

and pleasurable experience for all concernedWhy are so often deadly dull?

The scientists have no training in public speaking

They are unaware of the importance of doing it well

They do not know the game rules

They have not bothered to plan their presentartionsprepare it and practice it.

Only present to ensure their travel will be funded


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Further reflections

The windows on a broader world

that are open to good scientists who are also good speakers

are almost limitless.

Why, then do so many settle for mediocrity?

Carl J. Sindermann

Winning the games scientists play.

Strategies for enhancing your career in Science.


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How to do well

Learning to be a good speaker is much like

learning a foreign language.

The requisites are: Minimum natural ability and

Maximum willpower and application


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Effective oral presentation

depends on a conscious learning process

1. Close observation of skilled presentations

2. Knowledge of the game rules3. Careful planning of the presentations

4. Application of appropriate methodology

5. Continuous practice


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How to prepare

an excellent presentation It requires:

1. Careful planning of the structure of the

presentation2. Hard work on the preparation of slides

3. Hard work on the preparation of the speech

4. Hard work on the practice of the speech


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Structure of the talk

Introduction should place the research in

historical and developmental context

The emphasis on methods, results andinterpretations (depends on audience).

A Stunning conclusion will be remembered by

the audience.


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Tips for excellent talks

Before the talk

Prepare excellent slides and an inspired speech.

Practice before a small group of colleagues During the talk

Establish contact with your audience

Show Controlled but obvious enthusiasm for the

research being reported


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How not to present

1. Give it in Chinese Cantonese2. Read it word for word

3. Give all the details of the experimental procedure

4. Never time your presentation

5. Fill up all your allotted time and ignore cutoff signals from

the chair

6. Prepare your slides three days before the meeting7. Thirty lines of text or more within each slide

8. Present your paper with genuine disinterest


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Suggestions for better presentations

Prepare good slides

Learn well your speech practicing it

Time your speech and reserve time for the discussion at the

end of presentation

Show your enthusiasm for the subject matter

Avoid to give excessive details of technique

Put the emphasis on significant conclusions


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Preparation of presentations

1. Cut and paste your abstract into the titles of severalslides:

Title and authors

Background

Objectives

Material and methods

R

esults Conclusions

Acknowledgements


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Select materials you will need for your

slides and copy and paste it to your slides

An icon of your institution for the title slide.

Schemes and photographs of the equipments for

the materials and methods.

Graphs and tables for the results.

Photographs of the coauthors for theacknowledgements slide.


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Add the emphatic points

At the principle

An appealing introduction

Why it is important your work for your audience?

At the end

G

ive the message to give at home What you have to recall of all this?


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How to make a slide

Put as title the topic sentence which resumes

and starts the speech of this slide.

Use iconographic devices or schematic orresumed text to develop the topic.


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Include reminders

If there is one important idea you can forget

write it down in the text of the slide or as a note

under the iconographic material.

Write in the note what you will say with the

slide.


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Preparation and practice of the speech

1. Write Your notes

2. Control the length of the speech to fit it

in scheduled time

3. Practice the speech: correct grammar and

pronunciation4. Practice the Play as an actor


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1. Write your notes

For each slide write it down what you will say.

If you (the speaker) are unable to remembersomething then possibly is not of great importance

for your audience suppress it or rephrase it in a point

more easily memorable.


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2. Control length of your speech

to fit in scheduled time You have to read your presentation to test if it fits inthe time scheduled. You can use for this a

chronometer clock. If you exceed the scheduled time you have to cut:

Cut the most accessory information.

When there is periphrasis sort and go straight.

Eliminate unnecessary repetitions.

After the necessary cuts you can print your notes to start

practice.


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3. Start to practice the speech

Now you can practice without the computer

thanks to your notes

Detect weak points and mistakes and writeyour additional corrections of the speech on

your notes.

You can later transcribe the corrections andchanges to the PowerPoint file.


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3. Correct pronunciation

Ask a native speak for reading your presentation.

Native English speakers do not refuse a beer in exchange for

their generous collaboration

You should correct grammatical mistakes and learn about

correct spelling, proper pronunciation and intonation.

You even can record a narration of the speech of the native

with Power point, in exchange for a supplementary beer. Practice the pronunciation of the speech


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4. Further Practice of the speech as a Player

When you are ready to try without notes or to try using printed notesuse the option of Power Point to record narration.

You can time your presentation and detect points in which you loose thepoint.

The intensive practice of the speech is the right way to a controlledpresentation.

The most you practice the less you will be nervous.


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Practice and troubleshooting

You have to identify the points that you forget

and work specially hard on them.

Suppress slides which embarrass you. When you disorientate include some phrase in

the slide (reminder) which remember you the

start of the next important idea.

You can use animation to hide this reminders at

first and appear later when they are required


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Before Presentation1. Prepare slides and a speech guide.

2. Print your handouts and do not forget it in the hotel.

3. Take in advance your presentation to the techniques. You have to

deactivate in the PowerPoint file The option to reproduce the sound of the narration.

The option to advance slides automatically otherwise you will have problems.

4. Present you in advance to the chairs of the sessions

Talk to him will relax you

Give them information to introduce you


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Relax yourself in the previous moments

(some professional tricks)

You can use sumial (a beta blocker) for relaxation but

you have to take it with care because in excess causes

sedation.

If you are the first speaker talk to the chair in English

to warm up your tongue.

If you are not the first speaker you can ask questions

to the previous presenters to auto-provoke you

adrenalin peaks previous to your start.


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Hit the ground running

Start your presentation reading

After a very short introductory phrase that you will extract

from memory:

Thank you, very much, Im very pleased to be here today

speaking at this splendid meeting

Start your presentation reading something from your slides

Before to start I want to read the inspiring words of

after a ridden wind up of one or two minutes you were onflight and now you can say something that requires the use

of your memory.


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How to enjoy presenting

The presentation should be a pleasurable as well as

profitable occasion for the speaker and the audience

Scientific meetings should be enjoyable affairs

The speaker must take the situation lightly, and must

enjoy himself.

Humor is particularly effective in the early moments of

a paper, to both alert and relax the audience.


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Develop Empathy with your audience

Attempt to evaluate the audience and to package

the talk to fit it

Adapt: Vocabulary, style and approaches The speaker is among friends who are interested

in the material

Look for responsive faces and assertiveindividuals and concentrate on them in

sequence.


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Take contact with your audience

1. Show you friendly, see them, make eye contact

2. Appeal to them as a group.

3. Appeal to their common interests.4. Appeal to their humor sense.


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The discussion

In most societies there are sadistic individuals

who are noted as seeming to derive great

satisfaction from what appear to others to be

unnecessary harsh comments


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Ways to avoid entrapment and make the

discussion a mutually profitable experience

Know the material well

Discuss any weaknesses of data with sympatheticcolleagues in advance

Write out detailed answers to a number of possible

questions that might be asked. Avoid being overly defensive


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How to respond the difficult questions

Bluffing rarely success but abject confessions of

ignorance are not required either respond

truthfully if only partially

Responses can be diverted to areas more familiar

to the speaker, as long as the diversion is not too

obvious


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What you have to recall of all this?

You can give excellent presentations applying

the methodology explained in this talk

You have to practice You have to look for opportunities to present in

public

33 how to prepare and give good presentations

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