Africa Village Level Energy Innovation Systems

Andrew Mnzava Tanzania Commission For Science and

Technology 5th June 2014

When you talk about Energy in Villages

But how do we make this happen

Providing village-level energy services in developing countries | October 2012 | 27

Application

Cooking

Mobile charging

increase air flow. The fan is driven by redirecting some of the

thermal heat from combustion to drive a thermoelectric module.

Excess electricity can then be used for small electronic devices.

Biolite HomestoveTM is specifically designed for use in developing

countries, with marketed smoke emission reductions up to 95%

while simultaneously providing phone charging and light via LED

bulbs.

Producer gas

Application

Electricity

Cooking

Industrial process

heat

Producer gas refers to a category of technologies that converts

organic material (e.g. plant material) to a combustible gas through

gasification. The gasification process produces hydrogen, carbon

monoxide, and other gasses, and this mixture combusts similarly to

natural gas. The produced gases can either be used for heat for

cooking or industrial processes, or as fuel for an electric generator.

This category includes technologies such as that used in Husk Power

technologies (see Chapter 4).

Microbial fuel cell

Application

Electricity for

lighting, mobile

phone charging

A relatively new application currently being developed and piloted

by Lebone Solutions. This technology produces very low power (e.g.

for charging mobile phones or powering low-power LED lights)

through the metabolism of organic waste. The basic construct is a

pot filled with soil, with a metallic anode placed at a certain depth in

the soil, and the cathode resting on the top of the soil that is

exposed to oxygen.

Microgrids Microgrids are simply a local grouping of electricity generators,

(often coupled with energy storage), and users linked by power lines

at the village level. Microgrids can be created through a combination

Energy Policy Example

• 25Tanzania shall conduct research within the country and take part in international research, development and application of commercially viable, large-scale technologies for renewable sources of electricity generation. The Tanzania National Energy Policy 2003, page 21 (under Electricity section)

• 39.Support research and development in renewable energy technologies. -The Tanzania National Energy

Policy 2003, page 25 (Under Renewable Energy section)

Example of a study done in Kasulu district in Kigoma on Low carbon energy initiative (2013) !

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Village Level Local Innovations

Cooking

Lighting

Small LED Bulbs using batteries

Plastic bottle for lighting

The High Tech plus Local Innovations

• Fishing

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We tested the LED strips both above-water and submersed (Figure 9). We used a similar wooden float construction for the PowaPack 5W (Figure 10).

Figure 9. Submersible Lumitronix LED strip system (batteries protected in plastic boxes)

Figure 10. Barefoot Power system

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The Trony Sundial came with an internal battery, which was lighter and did not require enhancement of the float supports, with Trony manual illustration (Figure 11). The fishermen later altered the Trony Sundial system according to their liking, facing the lamps straight onto the water rather than at an angle (Figure 12).

Figure 11. Trony System standard mounting

Figure 12. Trony system user-modified mounting

Since at the Indian Ocean the fishing technique does not involve placing lanterns on a float, we tested entirely different designs. First, We reassembled 3 white and 3 green LED strings of the type we used at Lake Victoria, yielding a total light output of 1050 lumens: 540 lumens for the green strings and 510 lumens for the white strings. We tied the green strings to one wooden stick and the white strings to another one, which we submerged on either side of the dinghy. The battery was placed on the dinghy. This way, all four kerosene lanterns, which are usually placed above water, two on either side of the dinghy, were replaced by six strings of LEDs.

Village markets

Cooking

The Innovation of Village Industrial Power (VIP) Technology

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January Issue 1 Village Industrial Power

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Observed Challenge

The new government built center and a group association should run it since it has all

the machines (which uses diesel, since the grid is more than 60km away) and the

government under vice presidents office funded it. But the current situation shows

that the main processor of palm in Ilagala is an individual who owns two machines

and the surrounding community brings their fruits to him for processing.

It is a big challenge for him to move in because the new center was not built for

individual but for the group unless he joins the group, which is not yet well organized

and trained on how to run a business.

It was observed that soon or later Mr Maganda will be stopped to process the palm

along the riverbank, when that happens what exactly will happen to the pal business

in Ilagala is not known yet.

ILAGALA'VILLAGE'TOWN'MINI'GRID'

Camco team met Mr Jumanne Bukulu who owns a small mini-grid in Ilagala powered

by a diesel generator

Jumanne Bukulu-owner -0782413098

Kahamba atanas - technician 0786907601

!Mr Bukulu mini-grid has 80 household customers who pays him 30,000Tshs per

month. Also his mini-grid supplies power to the night market where he has connected

approximately 100 vendors (100 bulbs) and charges 300Tshs per day per bulb.

Mt Bukulu runs a milling machine using the diesel machine, he has 2 boats and runs a

local small fuel filling shop where he sells diesel and petrol, also he is in the small

buses business (daladala) –He owns three mini buses

He showed great interest on the VIP machines and he is willing to participate on the

prototype stage as long as he can be assisted to acquire loan to pay the 30%down

payment

Picture 21&22: Showing the min-grid owned by Mr Bukulu in Ilagala village town

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Key Findings

· The two machines are 20 HP each of oil digester for palm oil production

· Each machine produces about 300 buckets (of 20litres) of oil per day during

peak seasons

· While during the December to January the minimum production of not more than 192 buckets (of 20litres) per day per machine

· The machine consumes about 4 liters of diesel per day to produce the 300

buckets of oil

· Some of the waste is used for thermal, boiling palm oil

· There are local technicians in the village about 6 of them in Ilagala village

Picture 14: Palm processing center in Ilagala along the Malagarasi River

Picture 15&16: One of Mr Maganda Processing plants using Fuso gearbox drive shaft

as a palm digester

Irrigation systems

Credit: Practical action

Kolonyi-Innovation- Africa has installed 75 solar-powered water pumps and distribution systems like this one, which use innovative software to monitor performance, ensuring better maintenance and fewer break-downs. Photo courtesy of Innovation- Africa

The accessibility and affordability Innovations examples

• Clusters Approach (works best with cooperatives and large Saccos)

Examples Lake zone cluster funded by EU

• Revolving Fund approach (works best with all Saccos)

Example Solar Lantern Revolving Fund under LRT2010

• Mobisol Business model of loans and monthly payement

Awareness rising of RE technologies

Tag2:!Sms!Response!for!registration!from!13th622nd!August!2012!!!!

!Tag!3:!Sms!Response!for!more!information!from!13th!622nd!August!2012!!!!!

Technology, Business and communication-By SolarKiosk

Innovation is a process

Individuals, Communities,

wards, districts

The Linkages

Academia and Research

Institutions

Private Sector-Businesses and Entrepreneurs

Local government

FINANCING Development

Partners

Example of Efforts on the Linkages

• ENRICH PROJECT:

Overall objective: To strengthen Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) co- operation in East Africa (EA) countries by promoting operational and effective management of research and innovation activities with a special focus on energy access and efficiency.

One of the 6 Specific objective : . To create 3 STI support national networks with a specific focus on energy access and efficiency

Conducting Training of District council officers in the Country on RE technologies

Training Of Entrepreneurs/technicians

COSTECH

• Coordinate and Facilitate Research and Tech Transfer

• Support Innovators (already supported a micro hydro, local wind fabrication etc.)

• Support on the issues of patents and IP issues

• Gives awards such as Innovators awards, Environment awards, Science awards etc.

End of the day

CHALLENGE

• HOW DO WE MAKE CLEAN ENERGY MORE

1. ACCESSIBLE,

2. AVAILABLE,

3. AFFORDABLE

4. AND SUSTAINABLE IN RURAL AREAS

SURELY WE NEED NEW INNOVATIONS

“………We have everything we need except political will, but political will is a renewable resource.” Al Gore

THANK YOU