3.2 Out of Africa7SE JWO 2014

Topics to be covered…….

• Imagining the distant past• The theory of evolution• Human migrations• Old Stone Age technologies• Organisation of Old Stone Age societies • The Neanderthal mystery• Neanderthals and Homo sapiens• Definitions• Task

Imagining the distant past

• You live in a cave or shelter• All your clothes would be from the skins

of animals and you would only have them if it was cold

• Your family hunts for animals and gathers roots, seeds and fruits.

• Your only light at night comes from making fire with flint or by rubbing sticks

• You live in fear of large animals who hunt you for food

The theory of evolution

• Belief from The Bible – all living things created 6000 years ago

• Charles Darwin 1859 – theory of evolution• Scientific argument – species evolved from other

life forms• Supported by evidence from fossils • Scientists now think life on Earth began about

3 Billion years ago

Human Migration• Originally – several human species• Only Homo sapiens survived• Migrated from Africa into Asia,

Australia, Europe and the Americas• Why did people migrate?

- warmer weather- food supplies

Old Stone Age technologies

• Stones smashed to created jagged edges• Improved by flaking and grinding• Examples

» Chisels» Scrapers» Small spears and arrow tips» Sewing needles» Fishing hooks

Organisation of society

• Largely guess work• Similar to surviving

hunter-gatherers• Moved around• Different roles based

on gender

The Neanderthal mystery

• Why did the Neanderthals die out?• Did Homo sapiens cause it?• Did they become extinct for other reasons?

Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens

• Similarities» Brain size» Tools» Hunter-gatherers» Used fire» Cared for their sick» Buried their dead

• Differences – Neanderthals had» Shorter and were more strongly built» Shorter lives» Lived in smaller groups» Less migration – never further than Europe and Western Asia» Less nomadic lifestyles

Definitions for 3.2 (words 5-11)

• Evolve – to develop and change by natural processes

• Extinct – died out• Flint – a very hard stone, useful for tools and for

making sparks to start fires• Genetics – study of heredity• Palaeontologist – a scientist who studies fossils• Species – a group or classification of living things

Task

• Open up the text book to pg 58 and 59

• Using Source 1 – create a timeline based on the movement of humans from Africa to the main regions of the World.

• Use provided graph paper for this task