32 case midterm

8/11/2019 32 Case Midterm

1/22

American Bible Society vs. City of Manila

G.R. No. L-9637

Aril 3!" #9$7

FACTS% &n t'e co(rse of its ministry" ABS 'as been )istrib(tin* an) sellin* bibles an)+or *osels

t'ro(*'o(t ,'iliines an) translatin* t'e same into several ,'iliine )ialects. 'e actin* Cityreas(rer of Manila informe) ABS t'at it as con)(ctin* t'e b(siness of *eneral merc'an)ise

since November #9/$ it'o(t rovi)in* t'e city it' Mayor0s ermit an) m(nicial license in

violation of 1r)inance No. 3!!!" as amen)e) an) 1r)inances Nos. 2$29" 3!2" 336/ an)

re4(ire) laintiff to sec(re it'in t'ree )ays t'e ermit an) license fees" to*et'er it'comromise coverin* t'e erio) from fo(rt' 4(arter of #9/$ to secon) 4(arter of #9$2 in ,$"

2#./$. ABS roteste) abo(t t'e re4(irement b(t ai) to t'e )efen)ant t'e sai) ermit an)

license fees in t'e sai) amo(nt.

ISSUE:5'et'er or not t'e 1r)inances of Manila Nos. 3!!! as amen)e)" an) 2$29" 3!2 an)336/ are alicable to t'e case at bar.

HELD:es" t'e city or)inances mentione) are still in force an) effect. 5'en t'e ol) stat(te isreeale) in its entirety an) by t'e same enactment re-enacts all or certain ortions of t'e re-eistin* la" t'e ma8ority vie 'ol)s t'at t'e ri*'ts an) liabilities 'ic' 'ave accr(e) (n)er t'e

ori*inal stat(te are reserve) an) may be enforce)" since t'e reenactment ne(tralie) t'e reeal"

t'erefore contin(in* t'e la in force it'o(t interr(tion. &n t'e case at bar" 1r)inances Nos.

2$29 an) 3!!! of t'e city of Manila ere enacte) by t'e M(nicial Boar) of t'e City of Manilaby virt(e of t'e oer *rante) to it by section 2///" s(bsection of t'e Revise) A)ministrative

Co)e" s(erse)e) on :(ne #" #9/9" by section #" s(bsection ;#< of Re(blic Act No. /!9"

=non as t'e Revise) C'arter of t'e City of Manila. 'e only essential )ifference beteen t'eseto rovisions is t'at 'ile s(bsection ;m-2< rescribes t'at t'e combine) total ta of any )ealer

or man(fact(rer" or bot'" en(merate) (n)er s(bsections ;m-#< an) ;m-2ence" an) in

accor)ance it' t'e ei*'t of t'e a(t'orities above referre) to t'at maintain t'at ?all ri*'ts an)

liabilities 'ic' 'ave accr(e) (n)er t'e ori*inal stat(te are reserve) an) may be enforce)" sincet'e reenactment ne(tralies t'e reeal" t'erefore contin(in* t'e la in force it'o(t

interr(tion?" 5e 'ol) t'at t'e 4(estione) or)inances of t'e City of Manila are still in force an)

effect.


2/22

&*lesia ni Cristo vs CA

G.R. No. ##9673

:(ly 26" #996

FACTS: ,etitioner 'as a television ro*ram entitle) ?An* &*lesia ni Cristo? aire) on C'annel 2every Sat(r)ay an) on C'annel #3 every S(n)ay. 'e ro*ram resents an) roa*ates

etitioner0s reli*io(s beliefs" )octrines an) ractices often times in comarative st()ies it'

ot'er reli*ions. ,etitioner s(bmitte) to t'e reson)ent Boar) of Revie for Movin* ,ict(res an)elevision t'e @R taes of its @ ro*ram Series Nos. ##6" ##9" #2# an) #2. 'e Boar)

classifie) t'e series as ?? or not for (blic viein* on t'e *ro(n) t'at t'ey ?offen) an)

constit(te an attac= a*ainst ot'er reli*ions 'ic' is eressly ro'ibite) by la.

ISSUE:5'et'er or Not t'e &*lesia ni Cristo ro*ram is not constit(tionally rotecte) as a formof reli*io(s eercise an) eression.

HELD:es. Any act t'at restrains seec' is accomanie) it' res(mtion of invali)ity. &t is

t'e b(r)en of t'e reson)ent Boar) to overt'ro t'is res(mtion. &f it fails to )isc'ar*e t'is

b(r)en" its act of censors'i ill be str(c= )on. 'is is tr(e in t'is case. So-calle) ?attac=s? aremere criticisms of some of t'e )eely 'el) )o*mas an) tenets of ot'er reli*ions. RCs r(lin*

clearly s(resses etitioner0s free)om of seec' an) interferes it' its ri*'t to free eercise of

reli*ion. attac=D is )ifferent from offen)D any race or reli*ion. 'e reson)ent Boar) may)isa*ree it' t'e criticisms of ot'er reli*ions by etitioner b(t t'at *ives it no ec(se to inter)ict

s(c' criticisms" 'oever" (nclean t'ey may be. En)er o(r constit(tional sc'eme" it is not t'e tas=

of t'e State to favor any reli*ion by rotectin* it a*ainst an attac= by anot'er reli*ion. Reli*io(s)o*mas an) beliefs are often at ar an) to reserve eace amon* t'eir folloers" esecially t'e

fanatics. 'e establis'ment cla(se of free)om of reli*ion ro'ibits t'e State from leanin*

toar)s any reli*ion. Reson)ent boar) cannot censor t'e seec' of etitioner &*lesia ni Cristo

simly beca(se it attac=s ot'er reli*ions" even if sai) reli*ion 'aens to be t'e most n(mero(sc'(rc' in o(r co(ntry. 'e basis of free)om of reli*ion is free)om of t'o(*'t an) it is best serve)

by enco(ra*in* t'e mar=etlace of )(elin* i)eas.

Fbralina* vs ivision S(erenten)e) of Ceb(

G.R No. 9$77!

Marc' #" #993

FACTS: 'e etitioners ere eelle) from t'eir classes by t'e (blic sc'ool a(t'orities inCeb( for ref(sin* to sal(te t'e fla*" sin* t'e national ant'em an) recite t'e atriotic le)*e as

re4(ire) by Re(blic Act No. #26$" An Act ma=in* fla* ceremony com(lsory in all e)(cationalinstit(tions of :(ly ##" #9$$ " an) by eartment 1r)er No. R(les an) Re*(lations for

Con)(ctin* t'e Hla* Ceremony in All F)(cational &nstit(tions )ate) :(ly 2#" #9$$ of t'e

eartment of F)(cation" C(lt(re an) Sorts ;FCS


3/22

an) le)*e transcen)s constit(tional limitations on t'e State0s oer an) inva)es t'e s'ere of

t'e intellect an) sirit 'ic' t'e Constit(tion rotect a*ainst official control.

ISSUE:5'et'er or not sc'ool c'il)ren 'o are members or a reli*io(s sect may be eelle)from sc'ool for )isobe)ience of R.A. No. #26$ an) eartment 1r)er No. .

HELD:No. Reli*io(s free)om is a f(n)amental ri*'t 'ic' is entitle) to t'e 'i*'est riority an)t'e amlest rotection amon* '(man ri*'ts" for it involves t'eir relations'i of man to 'is

Creator. 'e sole 8(stification for a rior restraint or limitation on t'e eercise of reli*io(sfree)om is t'e eistence of a *rave an) resent )an*er of a c'aracter bot' *rave an) imminent"

of a serio(s evil to (blic safety" (blic morals" (blic 'ealt' or any ot'er le*itimate (blic

interest" t'at t'e State 'as a ri*'t ;an) )(ty< to revent.? Absent s(c' a t'reat to (blic safety" t'ee(lsion of t'e etitioners from t'e sc'ools is not 8(stifie).

Fstra)a vs Fscritor

A.M No. ,-!2-#6#$

:(ne 22" 2!!6

FACST: Comlainant Ale8an)ro Fstra)a rote to :()*e :ose H. Caoibes" :r." re4(estin* for an

investi*ation of r(mors t'at reson)ent Sole)a) Fscritor" co(rt interreter" is livin* it' a man

not 'er '(sban). 'ey alle*e)ly 'ave a c'il) of ei*'teen to tenty years ol). Fstra)a is not

ersonally relate) eit'er to Fscritor or 'er artner. Nevert'eless" 'e file) t'e c'ar*e a*ainstFscritor as 'e believes t'at s'e is committin* an immoral act t'at tarnis'es t'e ima*e of t'e

co(rt. Reson)ent Fscritor a)mitte) t'at s'e 'as been livin* it' L(ciano I(ilaio" :r. it'o(t

t'e benefit of marria*e for tenty years an) t'at t'ey 'ave a son. B(t as a member of t'ereli*io(s sect =non as t'e :e'ova'0s 5itnesses an) t'e 5atc' oer an) Bible ract Society"

t'eir con8(*al arran*ement is in conformity it' t'eir reli*io(s beliefs.

ISSUE: 5'et'er or not reson)ent s'o(l) be fo(n) *(ilty of t'e a)ministrative c'ar*e of ?*ross

an) immoral con)(ct.?

HELD: Benevolent ne(trality reco*nies t'at *overnment m(st (rs(e its sec(lar *oals an)

interests b(t at t'e same time strives to ('ol) reli*io(s liberty to t'e *reatest etent ossible

it'in fleible constit(tional limits. '(s" alt'o(*' t'e morality contemlate) by las is sec(lar"

benevolent ne(trality co(l) allo for accommo)ation of morality base) on reli*ion" rovi)e) it)oes not offen) comellin* state interests. &t still remains to be seen if reson)ent is entitle) to

s(c' )octrine as t'e state 'as not been affor)e) t'e c'ance 'as )emonstrate t'e comellin* stateinterest of ro'ibitin* t'e act of reson)ent" t'(s t'e case is reman)e) to t'e RC.


4/22

An* La)la) vs C1MFLFC

G.R. No. #9!$2

Aril . 2!#!

FACTS: Comelec ref(se) to reco*nie An* La)la) LGB ,arty" an or*aniation comose) of

men an) omen 'o i)entify t'emselves as lesbians" *ays" bise(als" or trans-*en)ere)

in)ivi)(als ;LGBs


5/22

HELD:&t m(st be em'asie) t'at t'e in)ivi)(al ri*'t involve) is not t'e ri*'t to travel from

t'e ,'iliines to ot'er co(ntries or it'in t'e ,'iliines. 'ese are 'at t'e ri*'t to travel

o(l) normally connote. Fssentially" t'e ri*'t involve) in t'is case at bar is t'e ri*'t to ret(rn toone0s co(ntry" a )istinct ri*'t (n)er international la" in)een)ent from alt'o(*' relate) to t'e

ri*'t to travel. '(s" t'e Eniversal eclaration of >(man Ri*'ts an) t'e &nternational Covenant

on Civil an) ,olitical Ri*'ts treat t'e ri*'t to free)om of movement an) abo)e it'in t'eterritory of a state" t'e ri*'t to leave t'e co(ntry" an) t'e ri*'t to enter one0s co(ntry as searate

an) )istinct ri*'ts. 5'at t'e eclaration sea=s of is t'e ?ri*'t to free)om of movement an)

resi)ence it'in t'e bor)ers of eac' state?. 1n t'e ot'er 'an)" t'e Covenant *(arantees t'e ri*'tto liberty of movement an) free)om to c'oose 'is resi)ence an) t'e ri*'t to be free to leave any

co(ntry" incl()in* 'is on. S(c' ri*'ts may only be restricte) by las rotectin* t'e national

sec(rity" (blic or)er" (blic 'ealt' or morals or t'e searate ri*'ts of ot'ers. >oever" ri*'t to

enter one0s co(ntry cannot be arbitrarily )erive). &t o(l) be t'erefore inaroriate to constr(et'e limitations to t'e ri*'t to ret(rn to ones co(ntry in t'e same contet as t'ose ertainin* to t'e

liberty of abo)e an) t'e ri*'t to travel.

Manotoc vs CA

G.R No. L-62#!!

May 3!" #96

FACTS% ,etitioner as c'ar*e) it' estafa. >e oste) bail. ,etitioner file) before eac' of t'e

trial co(rts a motion entitle)" ?motion for ermission to leave t'e co(ntry"? statin* as *ro(n)t'erefor 'is )esire to *o to t'e Enite) States" ?relative to 'is b(siness transactions an)

oort(nities.? 'e rosec(tion oose) sai) motion an) after )(e 'earin*" bot' trial 8()*es an)

t'e CA )enie) t'e same. ,etitioner conten)s t'at 'avin* been a)mitte) to bail as a matter of

ri*'t" neit'er t'e co(rts 'ic' *rante) 'im bail nor t'e Sec(rities an) Fc'an*e Commission'ic' 'as no 8(ris)iction over 'is liberty co(l) revent 'im from eercisin* 'is constit(tional

ri*'t to travel.

ISSUE:5'et'er or Not 'is constit(tional ri*'t to travel 'as been violate).

HELD:A co(rt 'as t'e oer to ro'ibit a erson a)mitte) to bail from leavin* t'e ,'iliines.'is is a necessary conse4(ence of t'e nat(re an) f(nction of a bail bon). 'e con)ition imose)

(on etitioner to ma=e 'imself available at all times 'enever t'e co(rt re4(ires 'is resence

oerates as a vali) restriction on 'is ri*'t to travel. &n)ee)" if t'e acc(se) ere alloe) to leavet'e ,'iliines it'o(t s(fficient reason" 'e may be lace) beyon) t'e reac' of t'e co(rts.

,etitioner 'as not s'on t'e necessity for 'is travel abroa). 'ere is no in)ication t'at t'e

b(siness transactions cannot be (n)erta=en by any ot'er erson in 'is be'alf

Siverio vs CA


6/22

G.R No. 9/2/

Aril" #99#

FACTS: ,etitioner as c'ar*e) it' violation of Section 2 ;/< of t'e revise) sec(rities act.

Reson)ent file) to cancel t'e assort of t'e etitioner an) to iss(e a 'ol) )eart(re or)er. 'e

RC or)ere) t'e HA to cancel etitioners assort" base) on t'e fin)in* t'at t'e etitioner 'asnot been arrai*ne) an) t'ere as evi)ence to s'o t'at t'e acc(se) 'as left t'e co(ntry it' o(t

t'e =nole)*e an) t'e ermission of t'e co(rt.

ISSUE:5'et'er or Not t'e ri*'t to travel may be imaire) by or)er of t'e co(rt.

HELD:'e bail bon) oste) by etitioner 'as been cancelle) an) arrant of arrest 'as been

iss(e) by reason t'at 'e faile) to aear at 'is arrai*nments. 'ere is a vali) restriction on t'e

ri*'t to travelK it is imose) t'at t'e acc(se) m(st ma=e 'e available 'enever t'e co(rt re4(ires'is resence. A erson facin* criminal c'ar*es may be restraine) by t'e Co(rt from leavin* t'e

co(ntry or" if abroa)" comelle) to ret(rn ;Constit(tional La" Cr(" &sa*ani A." #97 F)ition" .

#3


7/22

interest is satisfie) by t'e mere fact t'at t'e etitioner is a citien" an) t'erefore" art of t'e

*eneral (blic 'ic' ossesses t'e ri*'t.

@almonte vs Belmonte" :r.

G.R No. 7/93!

Hebr(ary #3" #99

FACTS: Ricar)o @almonte rote Heliciano Belmonte :r. re4(estin* to be ?f(rnis'e) it' t'e list

of names of t'e oosition members of Batasan* ,ambansa 'o ere able to sec(re a clean loanof ,2 million eac' on *(aranty of Mrs. &mel)a Marcos. >oever" iro ref(se) to )o so an)

relie) t'at a confi)ential relations'i eists beteen t'e GS&S an) all t'ose 'o borro from it.

Ricar)o @almonte et al file) a secial civil action for man)am(s it' reliminary in8(nction

invo=e t'eir ri*'t to information an) ray t'at Belmonte to f(rnis' t'e list of t'e names of t'eBatasan* ,ambansa members belon*in* to t'e EN&1 an) ,, Laban 'o ere able to sec(re

clean loans an) to allo etitioners access to t'e (blic recor)s for t'e s(b8ect information.

ISSUE: 5'et'er @almonte" et. al. are entitle) as citiens an) taayers to in4(ire (on GS&Srecor)s on be'est loans *iven by t'e former Hirst La)y &mel)a Marcos to Batasan* ,ambansa

members belon*in* to t'e EN&1 an) ,,-Laban olitical arties.

HELD: 'e GS&S is a tr(stee of contrib(tions from t'e *overnment an) its emloyees an) t'e

a)ministrator of vario(s ins(rance ro*rams for t'e benefit of t'e latter. En)eniably" its f(n)sass(me a (blic c'aracter. More artic(larly" Secs. $;b< an) /6of , ##/6" as amen)e) rovi)e

for ann(al aroriations to ay t'e contrib(tions" remi(ms" interest an) ot'er amo(nts ayable

to GS&S by t'e *overnment" as emloyer" as ell as t'e obli*ations 'ic' t'e Re(blic of t'e,'iliines ass(mes or *(arantees to ay. Consi)erin* t'e nat(re of its f(n)s" t'e GS&S is

eecte) to mana*e its reso(rces it' (tmost r()ence an) in strict comliance it' t'eertinent las or r(les an) re*(lations. '(s" one of t'e reasons t'at romte) t'e revision of t'e

ol) GS&S la as t'e necessity ?to reserve at all times t'e act(al insolvency of t'e f(n)sa)ministere) by t'e Systems Conse4(ently" as Heliciano Belmonte 'imself a)mits" t'e GS&S ?is

not s(ose) to *rant 0clean loans.0? &t is t'erefore t'e le*itimate concern of t'e (blic to ens(re

t'at t'ese f(n)s are mana*e) roerly it' t'e en) in vie of maimiin* t'e benefits t'ataccr(e to t'e ins(re) *overnment emloyees. Moreover" t'e s(ose) borroers ere Members

of t'e )ef(nct Batasan* ,ambansa 'o t'emselves aroriate) f(n)s for t'e GS&S an) ere

t'erefore eecte) to be t'e first to see to it t'at t'e GS&S erforme) its tas=s it' t'e *reatest)e*ree of fi)elity an) t'at all its transactions ere above boar). &n s(m" t'e (blic nat(re of t'e

loanable f(n)s of t'e GS&S an) t'e (blic office 'el) by t'e alle*e) borroers ma=e t'e

information so(*'t clearly a matter of (blic interest an) concern.

,rovince of Cotabato vs 'e Govt of R, ,eace ,anel

GR, *r no. #3$9#


8/22

1ctober #/" 2!!

FACTS: 'e Memoran)(m of A*reement on t'e Ancestral omain ;M1A-A< bro(*'t abo(t

by t'e Government of t'e re(blic of t'e ,'iliines ;GR,< an) t'e Moro &slamic LiberationHront ;M&LH< as an asect of rioli A*reement of ,eace in 2!!# is sc'e)(le) to be si*ne) in

J(ala L(m(r" Malaysia. 'is a*reement as etitione) by t'e ,rovince of Nort' Cotabato for

Man)am(s an) ,ro'ibition it' ,rayer for t'e &ss(ance of 5rit of ,reliminary &n8(nction an)emorary Restrainin* 1r)er. 'e a*reement mentions ?Ban*samoro :(ri)ical Fntity? ;B:F< to'ic' it *rants t'e a(t'ority an) 8(ris)iction over t'e Ancestral omain an) Ancestral Lan)s of

t'e Ban*samoroK a(t'ority an) 8(ris)iction over all nat(ral reso(rces it'in internal aters. 'e

a*reement is comose) of to local stat(tes% t'e or*anic act for a(tonomo(s re*ion in M(slimMin)anao an) t'e &n)i*eno(s ,eoles Ri*'ts Act ;&,RAonorable Co(rt 'as in effect *rante)

rerieve 'ic' is an eec(tive f(nction.

HELD: No. Reson)ents cite) sec #9" art @&&. 'e rovision is simly t'e so(rce of oer oft'e ,resi)ent to *rant rerieves" comm(tations" an) ar)ons an) remit fines an) forfeit(res after

conviction by final 8()*ment. 'e rovision" 'oever" cannot be interrete) as )enyin* t'eoer of co(rts to control t'e enforcement of t'eir )ecisions after t'eir finality. 'e oers of

t'e Fec(tive" t'e Le*islative an) t'e :()iciary to save t'e life of a )eat' convict )oes notecl()e eac' ot'er for t'e simle reason t'at t'ere is no 'i*'er ri*'t t'an t'e ri*'t to life. Hor t'e

(blic reson)ents t'erefore to conten) t'at only t'e Fec(tive can rotect t'e ri*'t to life of an

acc(se) after 'is final conviction is to violate t'e rincile of co-e4(al an) coor)inate oers oft'e t'ree branc'es of o(r *overnment.


9/22

C'ave vs ,CGG

G.R. No. #3!7#6

ecember 9" #99

FACTS% ,etitioner Hrancisco &. C'ave" in 'is caacity as taayer" citien an) a former

*overnment official as=e) t'e co(rt to ro'ibit an) en8oin reson)ents ,CGG an) its c'airman

from rivately enterin* into" erfectin* an)+or eec(tin* any a*reement it' t'e 'eirs of t'e late

,resi)ent Her)inan) F. Marcos relatin* to an) concernin* t'e roerties an) assets of Her)inan)Marcos locate) in t'e ,'iliines an)+or abroa) incl()in* t'e so-calle) Marcos *ol) 'oar).

C'ave assaile) t'e vali)ity of t'e General an) S(lemental A*reement eec(te) by t'e

*overnment t'ro(*' ,CGG an) t'e Marcos 'eirs on ecember 2"#99

ISSUE: 5'et'er or not t'e comromise a*reement entere) into by t'e ,CGG an) t'e Marcos'eirs 'ic' committin* to eemt from all forms of taes t'e roerties to be retaine) by t'e

Marcos 'eirs is vali).

HELD: FS.En)er item no. 2 of t'e General A*reement" t'e ,CGG commits to eemt fromall forms of taes t'e roerties to be retaine) by t'e Marcos 'eirs. 'is is a clear violation to t'e

constr(ction. 'e oer to ta an) *rant ta eemtion is veste) in t'e con*ress an) to a certain

etent" in t'e local le*islative bo)ies. Section 2 ;/


10/22

HELD: 'e Constit(tional rovisions ens'rine) on >(man Ri*'ts an) Social :(stice rovi)es

*(arantee amon* or=ers it' t'e ri*'t to or*anie an) con)(ct eacef(l concerte) activities

s(c' as stri=es. 1n one 'an)" Section #/ of F.1 No. #! rovi)es t'at t'e Civil Service la an)r(les *overnin* concerte) activities an) stri=es in t'e *overnment service s'all be observe)"

s(b8ect to any le*islation t'at may be enacte) by Con*ressD referrin* to Memoran)(m Circ(lar

No. 6" s. #97 of t'e Civil Service Commission 'ic' states t'at rior to t'e enactment byCon*ress of alicable las concernin* stri=e by *overnment emloyees en8oins (n)er ain of

a)ministrative sanctions" all *overnment officers an) emloyees from sta*in* stri=es"

)emonstrations" mass leaves" al=-o(ts an) ot'er forms of mass action 'ic' ill res(lt intemorary stoa*e or )isr(tion of (blic service.D 'erefore in t'e absence of any le*islation

alloin* *ovt. emloyees to stri=e t'ey are ro'ibite) from )oin* so.

@ictoriano vs. Roe

G.R. No. L-2$2/6

Setember #2" #97/

FACTS:Ben8amin @ictoriano" a member of i*lesia ni cristo 'a) been in t'e emloy of t'e

Flial)e Roe factory &nc since #9$. >e as a member of elial)e roe or=ers (nion 'ic'

'a) it' t'e comany a CBA containin* a close) s'o rovision 'ic' rea)s as folloMembers'i (nion s'all be re4(ire) as a con)ition of emloyment for all ermanent emloyees

or=er covere) by t'is a*reement.D RA 33$! as enacte) intro)(cin* an amen)ment to

ara*ra' ;/< s(bsection ;a< of section / of RA 7$ as follos b(t s(c' a*reement s'all notcover members of any reli*io(s sect 'ic' ro'ibit affiliation of t'eir member in any s(c' labor

or*aniationD Ben8amin @ictoriano resents 'is resi*nation to aellant (nion t'ere(on t'e

(nion rote a formal letter to searate t'e aellee from t'e service in vie of t'e fact t'at 'e

as resi*nin* from t'e (nion as member of t'e comany notifie) t'e aellee an) 'is co(nselt'at (nless t'e aellee co(l) ac'ieve a satisfactory arran*ement it' t'e (nion t'e comany

o(l) be constraine) to )ismiss 'im from t'e service . Aellee file) an action for in8(nction to

en8oin t'e comany an) t'e (nion from )ismissin* 'im.

ISSUE:5'et'er or not RA 33$! is (nconstit(tional

HELD: t'e constit(tion rovision only ro'ibits le*islation for t'e s(ort of any reli*io(s

tenets or t'e mo)es of ors'i of any sect" t'(s forestallin* com(lsion by la of t'e accetance

of any cree) or t'e c'osen form of reli*ion it'in limits of (tmost amlit()e. RA 33$! )oes notre4(ire as a 4(alification on con)ition in 8oinin* any laf(l association members'i in any

artic(lar reli*ion on in any reli*io(s sect neit'er )oes t'e act re4(ires affiliation it' a reli*io(s

sect t'at ro'ibits its member from 8oinin* a labor (nion as a con)ition on 4(alification forit')rain* from labor (nion RA 33$! only eemts member it' s(c' reli*io(s affililiationfrom t'e re4(ire) to )o a ositive act to eercise t'e ri*'t to 8oin or to resi*n from t'e (nion.

>e is eemte) from form t'e covera*e of any close) s'o a*reement t'at a labor (nion may

'ave entere) into. 'erefore RA 33$! is never an ille*al evasion of constit(tional rovision orro'ibition to accomlis' a )esire) res(lt 'ic' is laf(l in itself by verin* or folloin* a le*al

ay to )o it.


11/22

&n t'e Matter of t'e &B, Members'i (es elin4(ency of Atty. MARC&AL A. F&L&1N

A.M. No. #92

A(*(st 3" #97

FACTS: 'e reson)ent Marcial A. F)illon is a )(ly license) racticin* attorney in t'e

,'iliines. 'e &B, Boar) of Governors recommen)e) to t'e Co(rt t'e removal of t'e name of

t'e reson)ent from its Roll of Attorneys for st(bborn ref(sal to ay 'is members'i )(esD tot'e &B, since t'e latters constit(tion notit'stan)in* )(e notice. F)ilion conten)s t'at t'e

rovision rovi)in* for t'e &B, )(es constit(te an invasion of 'is constit(tional ri*'ts in t'e

sense t'at 'e is bein* comelle)" as a re-con)ition to maintainin* 'is stat(s as a layer in *oo)

stan)in*" to be a member of t'e &B, an) to ay t'e correson)in* )(es" an) t'at as aconse4(ence of t'is comelle) financial s(ort of t'e sai) or*aniation to 'ic' 'e is

a)mitte)ly ersonally anta*onistic" 'e is bein* )erive) of t'e ri*'ts to liberty an) roerty

*(arantee) to 'im by t'e Constit(tion. >ence" t'e reson)ent concl()es" t'e above rovisions oft'e Co(rt R(le an) of t'e &B, By-Las are voi) an) of no le*al force an) effect.

ISSUE: 5'et'er or not t'e ayment of &B, )(es s(ffers constit(tional infirmity.

HELD: N1. All le*islation )irectin* t'e inte*ration of t'e Bar 'ave been (niformly an)

(niversally s(staine) as a vali) eercise of t'e olice oer over an imortant rofession. S(c'com(lsion is 8(stifie) as an eercise of t'e olice oer of t'e State. 'e ri*'t to ractise la

before t'e co(rts of t'is co(ntry s'o(l) be an) is a matter s(b8ect to re*(lation an) in4(iry. An)"

if t'e oer to imose t'e fee as a re*(latory meas(re is reco*nie" t'en a enalty )esi*ne) toenforce its ayment" 'ic' enalty may be avoi)e) alto*et'er by ayment" is not voi) as

(nreasonable or arbitrary.

R(tter vs Fsteben

G.R No. L-37!

May #" #9$3

FACTS:1n A(*(st 2!"#9/#" R(tter sol) to Fsteban to arcels of lan) sit(ate) in t'e Manila

for ,9"6!! of 'ic' ,/"!! ere ai) o(tri*'t" an) t'e balance as to be ai) on installment.

5'en Fsteban faile) to ay t'e to installments" R(tter instit(te) an action to recover t'ebalance )(e" t'e interest )(e an) t'e attorney0s fees. Fsteban claims t'at t'is is a rear

obli*ation contracte) an) t'at 'e is a ar s(fferer" 'avin* file) 'is claim it' t'e ,'iliine 5ar

ama*e Commission for t'e losses 'e 'a) s(ffere) as a conse4(ence of t'e last arK an) t'at

(n)er section 2 of RA 3/2;moratori(m la


12/22

HELD:es. 'e moratori(m is ostonement of f(lfillment of obli*ations )ecree) by t'e state

t'ro(*' t'e me)i(m of t'e co(rts or t'e le*islat(re. &ts essence is t'e alication of olice oer.

'e economic interests of t'e State may 8(stify t'e eercise of its contin(in* an) )ominantrotective oer notit'stan)in* interference it' contracts. 'e 4(estion is not 'et'er t'e

le*islative action affects contracts inci)entally" or )irectly or in)irectly" b(t 'et'er t'e

le*islation is a))resse) to a le*itimate en) an) t'e meas(res ta=en are reasonable an) aroriateto t'at en). >oever base) on t'e ,resi)ents *eneral S1NA an) consistent it' 'at t'e Co(rt

believes to be as t'e only co(rse )ictate) by 8(stice" fairness an) ri*'teo(sness" )eclare) t'at t'e

contin(e) oeration an) enforcement of RA 3/2 at t'e resent time is (nreasonable an)oressive" an) s'o(l) not be rolon*e) s'o(l) be )eclare) n(ll an) voi) an) it'o(t effect.

'is 'ol)s tr(e as re*ar)s Fec(tive 1r)ers Nos. 2$ an) 32" it' *reater force an) reason

consi)erin* t'at sai) 1r)ers contain no limitation 'atsoever in oint of time as re*ar)s t'e

s(sension of t'e enforcement an) effectively of monetary obli*ations.

1rti*as vs Heati Ban= r(st Co.

G.R. No. L-2/67!

ecember #/" #979

FACTS: ,laintiff is en*a*e) in real estate b(siness" )eveloin* an) sellin* lots to t'e (blic"artic(larly t'e >i*'ay >ills S(b)ivision alon* FSA. >e an) A(*(sto ,a)illa an) Nativi)a)

An*eles" as ven)ees" entere) into searate a*reements of sale on installments over to arcels of

lan) of t'e S(b)ivision. 'e ven)ees transferre) t'eir ri*'ts an) interests over t'e aforesai) lotsin favor of one Fmma C'ave. Fvent(ally sai) lots ere bo(*'t by )efen)ant. Lot $ )irectly

from C'ave an) Lot 6 from Re(blic Hlo(r Mills by )ee) of ec'an*e" it' same restrictions.

,laintiff claims t'at restriction is for t'e bea(tification of t'e s(b)ivision. efen)ant claime) of

t'e commercialiation of estern art of FSA. efen)ant be*an constr(ctin* a commercialban= b(il)in*. ,laintiff )eman) to sto it" 'ic' force) 'im to file a case b(t it as later

)ismisse)" ('ol)in* olice oer.

ISSUE:5'et'er or Not non-imairment cla(se violate).

HELD:No. Resol(tion is a vali) eercise of olice oer. FSA" a main traffic artery 'ic'r(ns t'ro(*' several cities an) m(nicialities in t'e Metro Manila area" s(orts an en)less

stream of traffic an) t'e res(ltin* activity" noise an) oll(tion are 'ar)ly con)(cive to t'e 'ealt'"

safety or elfare of t'e resi)ents in its ro(te. >ealt'" safety" eace" *oo) or)er an) *eneralelfare of t'e eole in t'e locality are 8(stifications for t'is. &t s'o(l) be stresse)" t'at 'ile

non-imairment of contracts is constit(tionally *(arantee)" t'e r(le is not absol(te" since it 'as to

be reconcile) it' t'e le*itimate eercise of olice oer.

Loano vs Martine

G.R. No. L-63/#9


13/22

ecember #" #96

FACTS:A motion to 4(as' t'e c'ar*e a*ainst t'e etitioners for violation of t'e B, 22 as

ma)e" conten)in* t'at no offense as committe)" as t'e stat(te is (nconstit(tional. S(c' motionas )enie) by t'e RC. 'e etitioners t'(s elevate t'e case to t'e S(reme Co(rt for relief. 'e

Solicitor General commente) t'at it as remat(re for t'e acc(se) to elevate to t'e S(reme

Co(rt t'e or)ers )enyin* t'eir motions to 4(as'. >oever" t'e S(reme Co(rt fin)s it 8(stifiableto intervene for t'e revie of loer co(rt0s )enial of a motion to 4(as'.

ISSUE:5'et'er or not B, 22 is constit(tional as it is a roer eercise of olice oer of t'e

State.

Held:'e enactment of B, 22 a vali) eercise of t'e olice oer an) is not re(*nant to t'e

constit(tional in'ibition a*ainst imrisonment for )ebt. 'e offense (nis'e) by B, 22 is t'e actof ma=in* an) iss(in* a ort'less c'ec= or a c'ec= t'at is )is'onore) (on its resentation for

ayment. &t is not t'e non-ayment of an obli*ation 'ic' t'e la (nis'es. 'e la is not

inten)e) or )esi*ne) to coerce a )ebtor to ay 'is )ebt. 'e la (nis'es t'e act not as anoffense a*ainst roerty" b(t an offense a*ainst (blic or)er. 'e t'r(st of t'e la is to ro'ibit"

(n)er ain of enal sanctions" t'e ma=in* of ort'less c'ec=s an) (ttin* t'em in circ(lation.An act may not be consi)ere) by society as in'erently ron*" 'ence" not mal(m in se b(t

beca(se of t'e 'arm t'at it inflicts on t'e comm(nity" it can be o(tlae) an) criminally (nis'e)as mal(m ro'ibit(m. 'e state can )o t'is in t'e eercise of its olice oer.

Ganon vs &nserto

G.R. No. L-$6/$!

:(ly 2$" #93

FACTS:Aee) of Real Fstate Mort*a*e 'ic' covers a resi)ential lan) locate) at istrict of

Molo" &loilo City as eec(te) beteen Fsteban a8anlan*it as mort*a*ors an) Ro)olfo Ganonas mort*a*ee to sec(re t'e ayment by t'e a8anlan*its of a romissory note amo(ntin* to ,/!"

!!!.!! in favor of Ganon. 'ereafter" etitioner Gre*orio Lira" in 'is caacity as e-oficiorovincial s'eriff of &loilo serve) ersonal notice of t'e foreclos(re rocee)in*s on t'e rivate

reson)ents. ,rivate reson)ent t'en so(*'t to )eclare t'e etra8()icial foreclos(re rocee)in*s

an) all rocee)in*s ta=en in connection t'ereit' n(ll an) voi).

ISSUE:5'et'er or not t'ere is a violation of t'e non- imairment of contracts.

HELD:FS. 'e 4(estione) or)ers violate t'e non-imairment of contracts cla(se *(arantee)

(n)er t'e Constit(tion. S(bstit(tion of t'e mort*a*e it' a s(rety bon) to sec(re t'e ayment of

t'e ,/!" !!!.!! note o(l) in effect c'an*e t'e terms an) con)itions of t'e mort*a*e contract.

Fven before trial on t'e very iss(es affectin* t'e contract" t'e reson)ent co(rt 'as )irecte) a)eviation from its terms" )iminis'e) its efficiency" an) )isense) it' a rimary con)ition.

Gamboa vs Cr(

G.R. No. L-$629#

:(ne 27" #9


14/22

FACTSC'risto'er Gamboa as arreste) for va*rancy" it'o(t arrant of arrest" by ,atrolman

Art(ro ,alencia. (rin* t'e line( of five )etainees incl()in* etitioner Gamboa 'o as

i)entifie) by comlainant Frlin)a B. Bernal as one of t'e comanions in t'e commission of t'ecrime of robbery. An information for robbery as file) a*ainst 'im b(t 'e as arrai*ne).

,etitioner file) a Motion to Ac4(it re)icate) on t'e *ro(n) t'at t'e con)(ct of t'e line- ("

it'o(t notice to" an) in t'e absence of" 'is co(nsel violate) 'is constit(tional ri*'ts to co(nselan) to )(e rocess. 'e loer co(rt )enie) t'e Motion to Ac4(it" 'ence" t'e instant etition for

certiorari an) ro'ibition.

ISSUE:5'et'er or not etitioners constit(tional ri*'ts to co(nsel an) to )(e rocess ere

violate) )(rin* t'e con)(ct of olice line- (.

HELD: Police line- ( as not art of t'e c(sto)ial in4(est. >ence" etitioner as not yet

entitle) at s(c' sta*e to co(nsel. 5'en t'e rocess 'a) not yet s'ifte) from t'e investi*atory to

t'e acc(satory as 'en olice investi*ation )oes not elicit a confession t'e acc(se) may not yet

avail of t'e services of 'is layer. Since etitioner in t'e co(rse of 'is i)entification in t'e oliceline- ( 'a) not yet been 'el) to anser for a criminal offense" 'e as" t'erefore" not )erive) of

'is ri*'t to be assiste) by co(nsel beca(se t'e acc(satory rocess 'a) not yet set in. 'e olice

co(l) not 'ave violate) etitioners ri*'t to co(nsel an) )(e rocess as t'e confrontationbeteen t'e State an) 'e 'a) not be*(n.

,eole vs Macam

G.R. Nos. L-9#!##-#2

November 2/" #99/

FACST:Aellants Frnesto an) anilo Ro4(e" to*et'er it' Macam" Ce)ro an) Cailan" :r."ere acc(se) of Robbery it' >omici)e. 'ey consire) to rob Benito Macam an) =ill Leticia

Macam. 'e aellants ere arreste) it'o(t a arrant. 5'en t'ey ref(se) to a)mit t'e robbery

an) =illin*" an) t'ey ere bro(*'t to t'e IC General >osital before t'e s(rvivin* victims in

'an) c(ffs an) ma)e to line ( in 'an)c(ffs to*et'er it' some olicemen in civilian clot'es fori)entification.

ISSUE: 5'et'er or not t'eir arrantless arrest an) (nco(nsele) i)entification by t'e

rosec(tion itnesses )(rin* t'e olice line-( at t'e 'osital are violative of t'eir constit(tional

ri*'t.

HELD:No. t'e ri*'t to co(nsel is eten)e) to critical sta*es of rosec(tion 'ic' incl()e olice

line-(. After t'e start of t'e c(sto)ial investi*ation" any i)entification of an (nco(nsele)

acc(se) ma)e in a olice line-( is ina)missible. >oever" t'e rosec(tion )i) not resentevi)ence re*ar)in* aellants i)entification at t'e olice line-(. >ence" t'e ecl(sionary

sanctions a*ainst t'e a)mission in evi)ence of c(sto)ial i)entification of an (nco(nsele) acc(se)

cannot be alie). 1n t'e ot'er 'an)" aellants )i) not ob8ect to t'e in-co(rt i)entification ma)eby t'e rosec(tion itnesses. 'e rosec(tion itnesses" 'o ma)e t'e i)entification ofaellants at t'e olice line-( at t'e 'osital" a*ain i)entifie) aellants in oen co(rt. &n t'e

absence of s(c' ob8ection" t'e rosec(tion nee) not s'o t'at sai) i)entifications ere of

in)een)ent ori*in. 'e arrest of aellants as ma)e it'o(t t'e benefit of a arrant of arrest.>oever" aellants are estoe) from 4(estionin* t'e le*ality of t'eir arrest. 'is iss(e is bein*

raise) for t'e first time by aellants before t'is Co(rt. 'ey 'ave not move) for t'e 4(as'in* of

t'e information before t'e trial co(rt on t'is *ro(n). '(s" any irre*(larity atten)ant to t'eir


15/22

arrest as c(re) 'en t'ey vol(ntarily s(bmitte) t'emselves to t'e 8(ris)iction of t'e trial co(rt

by enterin* a lea of not *(ilty an) by articiatin* in t'e trial.

,eole vs :()*e Ayson

G.R No. $2#$

:(ly 7" #99

FACTS:Helie Ramos as a tic=et frei*'t cler= of t'e ,'iliine Airlines" assi*ne) at its

Ba*(io City station. &t as alle*e) t'at 'e as involve) in irre*(larities in t'e sales of lane

tic=ets. 'e ,AL mana*ement notifie) 'im of an investi*ation to be con)(cte). 'atinvesti*ation as sc'e)(le) in accor)ance it' ,AL0s Co)e of Con)(ct an) isciline" an) t'e

Collective Bar*ainin* A*reement si*ne) by it it' t'e ,'iliine Airlines Fmloyees0

Association ;,ALFA< to 'ic' Ramos ertaine). A letter as sent by Ramos statin* 'isillin*ness to settle t'e amo(nt of ,76" !!!. 'e fin)in*s of t'e A()it team ere *iven to 'im"

an) 'e ref(te) t'at 'e mis(se) rocee)s of tic=ets also statin* t'at 'e as revente) from

settlin* sai) amo(nts. >e roffere) a comromise 'oever t'is )i) not ens(e. o mont's aftera crime of estafa as c'ar*e) a*ainst Ramos. Ramos lea)e) not *(ilty. Fvi)ence by t'e

rosec(tion containe) Ramos ritten a)mission an) statement" to 'ic' )efen)ants ar*(e) t'at

t'e confession as ta=en it'o(t t'e acc(se) bein* reresente) by a layer. Reson)ent :()*e

)i) not a)mit t'ose statin* t'at acc(se) as not remin)e) of 'is constit(tional ri*'ts to remainsilent an) to 'ave co(nsel. A motion for reconsi)eration file) by t'e rosec(tors as )enie).

>ence" t'is aeal.

ISSUE:5'et'er or not t'e reson)ent :()*e is correct in ma=in* ina)missible as evi)ence t'ea)mission an) statement of acc(se).

HELD:No. Section 2! of t'e #97 constit(tion rovi)es t'at t'e ri*'t a*ainst self-incrimination

is only to itnesses ot'er t'an acc(se)" (nless 'at is as=e) is relatin* to a )ifferent crimec'ar*e)- not resent in case at bar. 'is is accor)e) to every erson 'o *ives evi)ence" 'et'ervol(ntarily or (n)er com(lsion of s(boena" in any civil" criminal" or a)ministrative

rocee)in*. 'e ri*'t is not to ?be comelle) to be a itness a*ainst 'imself.D &t rescribes an

?otion of ref(sal to anser incriminatin* 4(estions an) not a ro'ibition of in4(iry.? t'e ri*'t

can be claime) only 'en t'e secific 4(estion" incriminatory in c'aracter" is act(ally (t to t'eitness. &t cannot be claime) at any ot'er time. &t )oes not *ive a itness t'e ri*'t to )isre*ar) a

s(boena" to )ecline to aear before t'e co(rt at t'e time aointe)" or to ref(se to testify

alto*et'er. &t is a ri*'t t'at a itness =nos or s'o(l) =no. >e m(st claim it an) co(l) beaive). Ri*'ts in c(sto)ial interro*ation as lai) )on in Miran)a v. Ariona% t'e ri*'ts of t'e

acc(se) incl()e%

#< >e s'all 'ave t'e ri*'t to remain silent an) to co(nsel" an) to be informe) of s(c' ri*'t.

2< Nor force" violence" t'reat" intimi)ation" or any ot'er means 'ic' vitiates t'e free ill s'allbe (se) a*ainst 'im.

3< Any confession obtaine) in violation of t'ese ri*'ts s'all be ina)missible in evi)ence.


16/22

'e in)ivi)(al may =noin*ly an) intelli*ently aive t'ese ri*'ts an) a*ree to anser or ma=e

a statement. B(t (nless an) (ntil s(c' ri*'ts an) aivers are )emonstrate) by t'e rosec(tion at

t'e trial" no evi)ence obtaine) as a res(lt of interro*ation can be (se) a*ainst 'im.

,eole vs ,inlac

G.R No. 7/#23-2/

Setember 26" #9

FACTS: Koji Sato, 27 years old, married and a mechanical engineer by professionan) Saeki Osamu, 35 years old are a :aanese nationals an) nei*'bor in San LorenzoVillage, Makati, Metro Manila.Sato 'as a housemaid name of Irene Jandayan and a cooky the name of !elia Marcelino'o are livin* it' 'im. (rin* t'e )ay-off of :an)ayan"Sato0s 'o(se as robbe). 1sam( also as =ille). :an)ayan re"ealed that she sa# $inlacenter the house. 'e acc(se) as later" convicte) of robbery an) robbery it' 'omici)e.

ISSUE:5'et'er or not t'e e%tra&'udicial confessionof ,inlac is a)missible bein* otainedthru force, torture, "iolence and intimidation, #ithout ha"ing een a((rised of hisconstitutional rights and #ithout the assistance of counsel.

HELD:FS. At the time a (erson is arrested, it shall e the duty of the arresting officerto inform him of the reason for the arrest and he must e sho#n the #arrant of arrest.)e shall e informed of his constitutional rights to remain silent and to counsel and thatany statement he might make could e used against him. *he (erson arrested shallha"e the right to communicate #ith his la#yer, a relati"e, or anyone he chooses y themost e%(edient means y tele(hone if (ossile + or y letter or messeng er. heaccused #as not assisted y counsel and his alleged #ai"er #as made #ithout the

assistance of counsel. *he record of the case is also re(lete #ith e"idence #hich #asnot satisfactorily reutted y the (rosecution, that the accused #as maltreated andtortured for se"en solid hours efore he signed the (re(ared e%tra&'udicial confession.

,eole vs Balonas

G.R. No. #!#!

:(ly 3" #992

FACTS:1scar ,a*)alian as m(r)ere) in Marble S(ly" Bala*tas B(lacan. Accor)in* to ,at.Rolan)o Alcantara an) Hrancisco ayao" )ecease) as it' to comanions on t'e revio(s

ni*'t" one of 'om t'e acc(se) 'o 'a) a )rin=in* sree it' t'e )ecease). 5'en t'ey

are'en)e) t'e acc(se) t'ey fo(n) t'e firearm of t'e )ecease) on t'e c'air 'ere t'e acc(se)as alle*e)ly seate). 'ey boar)e) acc(se) alon* it' Ma*tibay" ot'er acc(se) on t'e olice

ve'icle an) bro(*'t t'em to t'e olice station. 5'ile in t'e ve'icle Bolanos a)mitte) t'at 'e

=ille) t'e )ecease). RC convicte) 'im. >ence t'e aeal.

ISSUE:5'et'er or not acc(se)-aellant )erive) of 'is constit(tional ri*'t to co(nsel.


17/22

HELD:es. Bein* alrea)y (n)er c(sto)ial investi*ation 'ile on boar) t'e olice atrol 8ee on

t'e ay to t'e ,olice Station 'ere formal investi*ation may 'ave been con)(cte)" aellant

s'o(l) 'ave been informe) of 'is Constit(tional ri*'ts (n)er Article &&&" Section #2 of t'e #97Constit(tion" more artic(larly ar. # an) ar. 3. >ence" 'is constit(tional ri*'ts are bein*

violate).

,eole vs An)an

G.R No. ##6/37

Marc' 3" #997

FACTS% Marianne G(evarra" 2! years ol) an) a secon)-year st()ent at t'e Hatima Sc'ool of

N(rsin*" left 'er 'ome for 'er sc'ool )ormitory in @alen(ela" Metro Manila to reare for 'er

final eaminations. Marianne as al=in* alon* t'e s(b)ivision 'en aellant invite) 'erinsi)e 'is 'o(se. >e (se) t'e retet t'at t'e bloo) ress(re of 'is ife0s *ran)mot'er s'o(l) be

ta=en. Marianne a*ree) to ta=e 'er bloo) ress(re as t'e ol) oman as 'er )istant relative.

Aellant t'en (nc'e) 'er in t'e ab)omen" bro(*'t 'er to t'e =itc'en an) rae) 'er. 'efolloin* )ay" t'e bo)y of Marianne as )iscovere).

Aellant lea) not *(ilty 'en arrai*ne).

Aellant as )etaine) at t'e olice 'ea)4(arters. 'e net to )ays" more nesaer" ra)io

an) television reorters came. Aellant as a*ain interviee) an) 'e affirme) 'is confession to

t'e mayor an) reenacte) t'e crime. >e as fo(n) *(ilty by t'e trial co(rt.

ISSUE:5'et'er or not t'e alle*e) a)mission of t'e acc(se)-aellant to t'e olicemen" t'e

mayor an) t'e nes reorters is ina)missible not bein* assiste) by t'e co(nsel in violation of 'is

constit(tional ri*'t.

HELD:Aellant as alrea)y (n)er c(sto)ial investi*ation 'en 'e confesse) to t'e olice. &tis a)mitte) t'at t'e olice faile) to inform aellant of 'is constit(tional ri*'ts 'en 'e as

investi*ate) an) interro*ate). >is confession is t'erefore ina)missible in evi)ence. Aellant0sconfessions to t'e me)ia ere li=eise roerly a)mitte). 'e confessions ere ma)e inresonse to 4(estions by nes reorters" not by t'e olice or any ot'er investi*atin* officer. 5e

'ave 'el) t'at statements sontaneo(sly ma)e by a s(sect to nes reorters on a televise)

intervie are )eeme) vol(ntary an) are a)missible in evi)ence.

Navallo vs San)i*anbayan

G.R No. 972#/

:(ly #" #9

FACTS: Acc(se) as t'e Collectin* an) isb(rsin* 1fficer of t'e N(mancia National@ocational Sc'ool 'ic' sc'ool is locate) at el Carmen" S(ri*ao el Norte. &nformation formalversation of (blic f(n)s as file) a*ainst 'im. 1n #! ecember #97" ,resi)ential ecree

No. #6!6 too= effect creatin* t'e San)i*anbayan an) conferrin* on it ori*inal an) ecl(sive

8(ris)iction over crimes committe) by (blic officers. Navallo as finally arreste) an) 'e as

release) on rovisional liberty (on t'e aroval of 'is roerty bail bon). 5'en arrai*ne) byt'e RC" 'e lea)e) not *(ilty. Eon motion of t'e rosec(tion" t'e RC transferre) t'e case

an) transmitte) its recor)s to t'e San)i*anbayan. A ne or)er for Navallo0s arrest as iss(e) by


18/22

t'e San)i*anbayan. Navallo file) a motion to 4(as'" conten)in* t'at t'e San)i*anbayan 'a) no

8(ris)iction over t'e offense an) t'e erson of t'e acc(se) an) t'at since t'e acc(se) 'a) alrea)y

been arrai*ne) by t'e RC" t'e attemt to rosec(te 'im before t'e San)i*anbayan o(l)constit(te )o(ble 8eoar)y. >oever t'is as )enie) an) trial ens(e) an) 'e as fo(n) *(ilty.

ISSUE: 5'et'er or not t'e constit(tional ri*'t a*ainst )o(ble 8eoar)y an) in c(sto)ial

investi*ations in favor of t'e acc(se) violate).

HELD:No. o(ble 8eoar)y re4(ires t'e eistence of t'e folloin* re4(isites%

;#< 'e revio(s comlaint or information or ot'er formal c'ar*e is s(fficient in form an)s(bstance to s(stain a convictionK

;2< 'e co(rt 'as 8(ris)iction to try t'e caseK

;3< 'e acc(se) 'as been arrai*ne) an) 'as lea)e) to t'e c'ar*eK an)

;/< 'e acc(se) is convicte) or ac4(itte) or t'e case is )ismisse) it'o(t 'is eress consent.

'e RC as )evoi) of 8(ris)iction 'en it con)(cte) an arrai*nment of t'e acc(se) 'ic' by

t'en 'a) alrea)y been conferre) on t'e San)i*anbayan. Moreover" neit'er )i) t'e case t'ereterminate it' conviction or ac4(ittal nor as it )ismisse).

,eole vs y

G.R No. 7/$#7

Hebr(ary 23" #9

FACTS:,at. ,a)illa as reorte) alon* it' Benny y" as s(sect to t'e s'ootin* inci)ent at

?Benny0s Bar"? Sitio An*ol" A=lan 'ic' ca(se) t'e )eat' of C'ristian Lan*el ,'ilie" a 2/years ol) to(rist an) a Siss national. >e as c'ar*e) it' t'e M(r)er it' t'e Ese ofEnlicense) firearms. Aellant alle*es t'at 'e carrie) t'e victim to t'e s'ore to be bro(*'t to t'e

'osital to save t'e latter" an) 'o facilitate) t'e s(rren)er to ,at. ,a)illa" a *(n 'ic' 'is

'eler fo(n) t'e folloin* mornin* 'ile cleanin* t'e bar. Acc(se) oste) bail 'ic' as*rante). 'e acc(se) )enie) 'avin* ma)e any oral confession alle*in* t'at 'e ent to ,at.

,a)illa not to reort t'e inci)ent b(t to state t'at a boy 'eler in t'e bar 'a) fo(n) a *(n on t'e

san) floor 'ile cleanin* an) t'at ,at. ,a)illa ic=e) ( t'e *(n from t'e bar at 'is re4(est. 'eAcc(se) ar*(es t'at even if 'e )i) ma=e s(c' a confession" t'e same o(l) be ina)missible in

evi)ence. >e as fo(n) *(ilty in t'e RC. >ence" t'e aeal.

ISSUE:5'et'er or not t'e loer co(rt correct in sayin* t'at t'e constit(tional roce)(re on

c(sto)ial interro*ation is not alicable in t'e instant case.

HELD:FS. Aellant0s assertion t'at t'e *(n 'e 'a) s(rren)ere) as merely fo(n) by a boy'eler 'ile cleanin* t'e bar )eserves no cre)ence for" if it ere so" it o(l) 'ave been abs(r)

for 'im to 'ave lace) 'imself (n)er olice c(sto)y in t'e early mornin* after t'e inci)ent.

Sorn Comlaint for ?M(r)er it' Ese of Enlicense) Hirearm? si*ne) by t'e C'ief of ,olicealso attests to Aellant0s oral confession. 'at Comlaint forms art of t'e recor) of t'e

rocee)in*s before t'e M(nicial Circ(it rial Co(rt of B(r(an*a" A=lan" an) is rima facie

evi)ence of t'e facts t'erein state). Aellant0s vol(ntary s(rren)er imlies no violation as ?no


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arrant of arrest is iss(e) for t'e are'ension of t'e acc(se) for t'e reason t'at 'e is alrea)y

(n)er olice c(sto)y before t'e filin* of t'e comlaint.? 5'at as tol) by t'e Acc(se) to ,at"

,a)illa as a sontaneo(s statement not elicite) t'ro(*' 4(estionin*" b(t *iven in or)inarymanner. No ritten confession as so(*'t to be resente) in evi)ence as a res(lt of formal

c(sto)ial investi*ation.

,eole vs Alilcan)o

G.R. No. ##7/7

ecember #2" #99$

FACTS: Romeo ,enecilla" fat'er of t'e fo(r year ol) victim J'aie Mae" as )rin=in* li4(or

it' Ramil Ro)ri*(e an) Rem(s Ga))i in 'is 'o(se at Baran*ay Rial" &loilo 'en aellant

8oine) t'em b(t every no an) t'en o(l) ta=e leave an) ret(rn. Aellant as livin* in 'is(ncle0s 'o(se some five arm0s len*t' from ,enecilla0s 'o(se. At abo(t /%3! .m." ,enecilla0s

*ro( stoe) )rin=in* an) left. At abo(t $%3! .m. " L(isa Reba)a 'o lives in t'e ,enecilla

nei*'bor'oo) at abo(t one an) a 'alf arm0s len*t' from t'e 'o(se of aellant sa t'e victim att'e in)o of aellant0s 'o(se. S'e offere) to b(y 'er ?yemas? b(t aellant close) t'e

in)o. Soon s'e 'ear) t'e victim cryin*. S'e aroac'e) aellant0s 'o(se an) sa aellant

an) c'o=e) t'e victim. 'e net )ay" Leool)o Santia*o )iscovere) t'e lifeless bo)y of J'aieMae (n)er 'is 'o(se.

ISSUE: 5'et'er or not t'e evi)ence offere) in)een)ently of t'e lea of *(ilt of t'e aellant

as a)missible.

HELD:N1. 'ey are ina)missible evi)ence for t'ey ere *at'ere) by ,13 anilo an of t'e&loilo City ,N, as a res(lt of c(sto)ial interro*ation 'ere aellant verbally confesse) to t'e

crime it'o(t t'e benefit of co(nsel. &t is not only t'e (nco(nselle) confession t'at iscon)emne) as ina)missible" b(t also evi)ence )erive) t'erefrom. 'e illo an) t'e -s'irt it'

t'e alle*e) bloo)stains ere evi)ence )erive) from t'e (nco(nselle) confession ille*allyetracte) by t'e olice from t'e aellant. B(t even ass(min* ar*(en)o t'at t'e illo an) t'e t-

s'irt ere a)missible evi)ence" still" t'e trial co(rt erre) in 'ol)in* t'at t'ey ?stron*ly

corroborate) t'e testimony of L(isa Reba)a t'at t'e victim as rae).? Hor one" t'ere as nobasis for t'e trial co(rt to concl()e t'at t'e stains on t'e illo an) t-s'irt ere '(man

bloo)stains. 'e illo an) t'e t-s'irt ere not eamine) by any eert. o 'ol) t'at t'ey ere

'(man bloo)stains is *(essor=. Hor anot'er" t'ere as no testimony t'at t'e stains ere ca(se)by eit'er t'e bloo) of t'e aellant or t'e victim. &n a))ition" t'ere as no testimony t'at t'e t-

s'irt as t'e one orn by t'e aellant 'en 'e alle*e)ly committe) t'e crime. &t m(st also be

note) t'at it is not (nnat(ral for aellant to 'ave bloo)stains on 'is s'irt. >e is a b(tc'er byocc(ation. Romeo ,enecilla 'imself" t'e fat'er of t'e victim" testifie) 'e =nos t'e aellant?beca(se 'e (se) to accomany me )(rin* b(tc'erin* of animals.?

,eole vs Reyes


20/22

G.R. No. #73!!

Marc' #7" 2!!9

FACTS:'e ao family ons an) oerates a o(ltry farm in Baran*ay Santo Cristo" San :ose

)el Monte" B(lacan. 'e ao family ent to t'eir o(ltry farm an) as =i)nae) by t'e

reson)ents. Reson)ents release t'e ot'er victims b(t ta=en C'(a 1n* ,in* Sim" Robert"Raymon) an) Aba*atnan an) )eman)e) five million as ransom. Later" C'(a 1n* ,in* Sim an)

Raymon) ere fo(n) )ea) of as'yia by stran*(lation. 'ere(on" aellant Arnal)os(rren)ere) an) it' t'e assistance of Atty. Emin*a" eec(te) a ritten etra-8()icial confession

narratin* 'is articiation in t'e inci)ent an) i)entifyin* t'e ot'er aellants as Reyes an)

Hlores. 'ey ere fo(n) *(ilty for Ji)nain* for Ransom it' 'omici)e.

ISSUE:5'et'er or not t'e ritten etra-8()icial confessions is vali).

HELD:FS. &t is tr(e t'at it as t'e ,A1CH 'ic' contacte) an) s(**este) t'e availability of

Atty. Emin*a an) Atty. Ro(s to aellants Arnal)o an) Hlores" resectively. Nonet'eless" t'is

)oes not a(tomatically imly t'at t'eir ri*'t to co(nsel as violate). 5'at t'e Constit(tion

re4(ires is t'e resence of cometent an) in)een)ent co(nsel" one 'o ill effectively(n)erta=e 'is clients )efense it'o(t any intervenin* conflict of interest. 'ere as no conflict

of interest it' re*ar) to t'e le*al assistance ren)ere) by Atty. Emin*a an) Atty. Ro(s. Bot'

co(nsels 'a) no interest a)verse to aellants Arnal)o an) Hlores. &t is also to be note) t'ataellants etra8()icial confessions ere in)een)ently ma)e it'o(t coll(sion" are i)entical

it' eac' ot'er in t'eir material resects an) confirmatory of t'e ot'er. 'ey are" t'erefore" also

a)missible as circ(mstantial evi)ence a*ainst t'eir co-acc(se) imlicate) t'erein to s'o t'erobability of t'e latters act(al articiation in t'e commission of t'e crime. 'ey are also

a)missible as corroborative evi)ence a*ainst t'e ot'ers" it bein* clear from ot'er facts an)

circ(mstances resente) t'at ersons ot'er t'an t'e )eclarants t'emselves articiate) in t'e

commission of t'e crime c'ar*e) an) rove). 'ey are 'at is commonly =non as interloc=in*confession an) constit(te an ecetion to t'e *eneral r(le t'at etra8()icial

confessions+a)missions are a)missible in evi)ence only a*ainst t'e )eclarants t'ereof.

,eole vs (niaco

G.R. No. #$7#!

:an(ary #9" 2!#!

FACTS:,olice officer :aime ab(con of t'e Central ,olice Station of General Santos City

'omici)e )ivision as bein* re4(este) to ta=e t'e statement of acc(se) Ale Aleman re*ar)in*

t'e slayin* of a certain on)on Corte. ab(con note) t'e resence of Atty. R(erto Besin*a" :r.of t'e ,(blic Attorneys 1ffice ;,A1< 'o sai) t'at t'ey ere illin* to *ive t'eir statements.

Acc(se) Aleman tol) ab(con t'at t'ey =ille) t'e victim. >oever" 'e lea)e) not *(ilty an)

raise) instea) t'e )efense of insanity.

ISSUE: 5'et'er or not acc(se) Alemans etra8()icial confession is a)missible in evi)ence.

HELD:FS. Confession to be a)missible m(st be a< vol(ntaryK b< ma)e it' t'e assistance of a

cometent an) in)een)ent co(nselK c< eressK an) )< in ritin*. 'ese re4(irements ere met


21/22

'ere. A layer" not or=in* it' or as not be'ol)en to t'e olice" Atty. Besin*a" assiste)

acc(se) Aleman )(rin* t'e c(sto)ial investi*ation. 1fficer ab(con testifie) t'at 'e sa acc(se)

Aleman" before t'e ta=in* of 'is statement" conversin* it' co(nsel at t'e olice station. Atty.Besin*a )i) not )is(te t'is claim.

,eole vs La(*a

G.R. No. #622

Marc' #$" 2!#!

FACTS:'e victim as left alone at 'ome 'en 'er fat'er" t'e aellant" as 'avin* a )rin=in*sree at t'e nei*'bors lace. At aro(n) #!%!! ocloc= in t'e evenin*" aellant o=e 'er ( an)

rae) 'er. S'e reco(nte) 'er 'arroin* eerience it' t'eir fat'er to 'er brot'er 'o to*et'er

*ran)mot'er an) (ncle ent to see= t'e assistance of Moises Boy Bantin*. Moises Boy Bantin*invite) aellant to t'e olice station to 'ic' aellant obli*e). At t'e olice o(tost" aellant

a)mitte) to 'im t'at 'e rae) 'er )a(*'ter beca(se 'e as (nable to control 'imself. 'e RC

fo(n) 'im *(ilty of rae) 'ic' as affirme) by t'e CA.

ISSUE:5'et'er or not aellants etra8()icial confession before Moises Boy Bantin* isina)missible bein* it'o(t t'e assistance of a co(nsel" in violation of 'is constit(tional ri*'t.

HELD:FS. 'e Co(rt r(le) t'at baran*ay-base) vol(nteer or*aniations in t'e nat(re of

atc' *ro(s" as in t'e case of t'e ?bantay bayan"? are reco*nie) by t'e local *overnment (nit

to erform f(nctions relatin* to t'e reservation of eace an) or)er at t'e baran*ay level. '(s"it'o(t r(lin* on t'e le*ality of t'e actions ta=en by Moises Boy Bantin*" an) t'e secific scoe

of )(ties an) resonsibilities )ele*ate) to a ?bantay bayan"? artic(larly on t'e a(t'ority to

con)(ct a c(sto)ial investi*ation" any in4(iry 'e ma=es 'as t'e color of a state-relate) f(nctionan) ob8ective insofar as t'e entitlement of a s(sect to 'is constit(tional ri*'ts rovi)e) for

(n)er Article &&&" Section #2 of t'e Constit(tion" ot'erise =non as t'e Miran)a Ri*'ts" isconcerne).


22/22

32 case midterm

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