[2016] chap1-introduction to computers and information systems.pptx

8/17/2019 [2016] Chap1-Introduction to Computers and Information Systems.pptx

1/26

Introduction to Computers andInformation Systems

(Picture Source:

http://aisp.bus.wisc.edu)


2/26

Computer

• An electronic device that can accept data (input)process the data accordin!ly produce information (output) and store the information forfuture use.

• It contains many electric electronic and mechanicalcomponents "nown as hardware.


3/26

Computer

• #he electronic components (hardware) processdata usin! instructions which are the steps thattell the computer how to perform a particular tas".

• A collection of related instructions or!anised for acommon purpose is referred to as a software orpro!ram.

$%&' * +

A,, + -

A,, *


4/26

#ype of Computers

• ,es"top

• 0aptop

•

#ablet

• Server

• Smartphone


5/26

,ata v.s. Information

• Computers process data (input) into information(output).

Data Information

aw 1acts:•

'mployee 2o.• 3or"in! 4ours• Part 2o.• Sales %rder

%r!anised 5 Processed

,ata:• #otal '6penses for Sta7 • Customer Spendin!

8ehavior

P

rocessing


6/26

Inputs

• 9eyboards

• ,es"top / 0aptop

• %nscreen

•

&irtual

• Pointin! ,evices

• $ouse

• #ouchpad

• &oice and &ideo

• Scanners


7/26

%utputs

• ,isplays

• &isually conveys te6t !raphics and videoinformation.

• Printers• Produces te6t and !raphics on a physical medium.

• Spea"ers

•

Allow you to hear voice.

• $emory and Stora!e

• Stores data or information for future use.


8/26

;ses of Computer (#echnolo!y)

• 'ducation

•


9/26

;ses of Computer (#echnolo!y)

• It is widely use in di7erent areas for di7erentpurposes.

• &ery often computer also serves as a componentin a system.

• A system is a set of components that interact toachieve a common !oal.


10/26

System

• 1or e6ample businesses use many types ofsystem:

• 8illin! System

•

Payroll System• $anufacturin! System

• &ery often these systems are also informationsystems.


11/26

Information System (IS)

• 3hat is Information System (IS)>

• It is a feedbac" mechanism that helpsor!anisations to achieve their !oals such asincreasin! pro?ts or improvin! customer service.

@A set of interrelated components that collectmanipulate store and disseminate data and

information and provide a feedbac" mechanismto meet an obective.B

(Source: alph Stair and


12/26


• Information systems are everywhere.

• A#$

• Chec"in 9ios"

• #hey collect information from users send the informationover the networ" for veri?cation process the information

and provide output or feedbac" bac" to the users (in thiscase could be in the form of ban" note boardin! pass).

• #he value of information is directly lin"ed to how it helps

decision ma"ers achieve the or!anisations !oals.


13/26


• As mentioned previously Information System (IS) is aset of interrelated elements or components that collect(input) manipulate (process) store and disseminate(output) data and information and provide a corrective

reaction (feedback mechanism) to meet an obective.

InputsProcessingMechanis

mOutputs

Feedback


14/26

Input Processin! %utput1eedbac"

• Input

• Activity of !atherin! and capturin! raw data.

• Processin!

•

Convertin! or transformin! data into useful outputs. $ayinvolve calculations comparin! data and storin! data forfuture use.

• %utput

• Producin! useful information usually in the form ofdocuments and reports.

• 1eedbac"

• Information from the system that is used to ma"e chan!es toinput or processin! activities.


15/26

Input Processin! %utput1eedbac"

• '6ample: Payroll System

InputsProcessingMechanis

mOutputs

Feedback

2o. of 4ours

All 'mployee2o.

ID

4ourly Payate

a) &erify the reports and e6penses (out of ran!e>)b) 1or mana!er to ma"e speci?c decisions (to ?re

someone>)


16/26

$anual v.s. Computerised

IS• 3hen there is a lar!e amount of data it is noteDcient to collect process store and disseminatedata into information manually.

• Computers and IS help ma"e it possible foror!anisations to improve the way they conductbusiness.

• 2owadays computers (technolo!y) are widely bein!used to improve the eDciency and accuracy.


17/26

Computerbased IS (C8IS)

• A set of hardware software databasestelecommunications people and procedures that arecon?!ured to collect manipulate store and processdata into information.


18/26


• 4ardware

• Physical components of a component that perform the inputprocessin! stora!e and output activities of the computer.

•

Software• Pro!rams that !overn the operation of the computer. 1or

e6ample to allow the computer to process payroll send billsto customer provide mana!ers with information to increasepro?t and etc.

• ,atabases• %r!anised collection of facts and information on for

instance customers employees inventory sales onlinepurchases and etc.


19/26


• #elecommunications

• #ransmission of si!nals for communications. 'nableor!anisations to carry out their processes and tas"sthrou!h wired or wireless networ" and satellite

transmission.

• People

• $ana!e run pro!ram and maintain the system.

• Procedures

• Strate!ies policies methods and rules for usin!C8IS. Includin! the operation maintenance andsecurity of the computer. 1or e6ample procedures to

describe when each pro!ram should run.


20/26


• #he types of C8ISs that or!anisations use can beclassi?ed into four basic !roups:

• 'Commerce

• #ransaction Processin! System (#PS)

• ,ecision Support System (,SS)

• 9nowled!e $ana!ement System (9$S)


21/26


• 'Commerce

• Involves any business transaction e6ecutedelectronically between parties such as companiescompanies and consumers and etc.

• ;se IS and the internet to perform all businessrelatedtas"s and functions.

• #ransaction Processin! System (#PS)

•

4andles lar!e volume of business transactions thatoccur daily within an or!anisation.

• 1or e6ample a Payroll #PS transform numbers ofemployee hours wor"ed and pay rates (input) intopaychec"s (output).


22/26


• ,ecision Support System (,SS)

• %r!anised collection of people proceduresdatabases and devices that help ma"e problemspeci?c decisions.

• $a"e e7ective decisions.

• 4elps a mana!er to @do the ri!ht thin!B.

• 9nowled!e $ana!ement System (9$S)

• %r!anised collection of people proceduresdatabases and devices used to create store shareand use the or!anisations "nowled!e and e6perience.

• 1or e6ample shippin! company can use 9$S tostreamline its transportation and lo!istics business.


23/26

IS in 8usiness

• 1inance and Accountin!

• 1orecast revenues and business activity determine thebest sources and uses of funds mana!e cash and other?nancial resources analyEe investments and perform

audits to ensure that the or!anisation is ?nanciallysound and that all ?nancial reports are accurate.

• Sales and $ar"etin!

• ,evelop new !oods and services (product analysis)

select the best location for production and distributionfacilities (place and site analysis) determine the bestadvertisin! and sales approaches (promotion analysis)and set produce prices to !et hi!hest total revenues(price analysis).


24/26

IS in 8usiness

• $anufacturin!

• Process customer orders develop production schedulescontrol inventory levels and monitor product Fuality.

• 4uman esources• Screen applicants administer performance tests to

employees monitor employee productivity.


25/26

IS in Industry

• Investment 1irms

• #o analyse stoc"s bonds options the future mar"etand other ?nancial instruments and provide improvedservices to their customers.

• 8an"s

• 4elp ma"e sound loans and !ood investments as well asto provide online chec" payment for account holders.

• #ransportation Industry• #o schedule truc"s and trains to deliver !oods and

services at the lowest cost.


26/26

IS in Industry

• Publishin!

• #o analyEe mar"ets and to develop and publishnewspapers ma!aEines and boo"s.

• 4ealthcare %r!anisations• #o dia!nose illness plan medical treatment trac"

patient records and bill patients

• etail Companies

• #o help mar"et products and services mana!e inventorylevels control the supply chain and forecast demand.

[2016] chap1-introduction to computers and information systems.pptx

Documents