portable and fixed gaseous systems.pptx

7/28/2019 portable and Fixed gaseous systems.pptx

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARASHAH ALAMBUILDING SERVICES ENGINEERING I

PREPERED FOR:ASSOC. PROF. SR. ZAITON Bt YAACOB

PREPARED BY :

MOHAMAD SAIFUL AZLAN BIN RASHID 2012972205MUHAMMAD NURIQRAM BIN PUSPA 2012710557


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Portable FireExtinguisher


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Class Of Fire

Class A - organic solids, e.g. wood, paper, cloth.

Class B - flammable liquids, e.g. petrol, oil, paint.

Class C - flammable gases, e.g. methane, propane,acetylene.

Class D - flammable metals, e.g. zinc, aluminium, uranium.

Electrical - not specifically classed because it can apply to any

of the other classifications.

Class F -cooking oil and fat.


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Extinguisher Agent

Extinguisher Agent Extinguisher Colour Application

Water

Red

A

Foam Red With Cream Band A and B

Carbon Dioxide Red with Black Band B and Electrical

Dry chemicals/powder Red with blue Band A, B, C and Electrical

Wet chemicals Red With Yellow band A and F

Special Powder Red with blue band D


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Fire extinguisherMethod

1. By cooling: Water is used to cool the

burning material below the temperature at

which it starts to burn2. By smothering: Carbon dioxide (CO2) or

foaming agents are used to smother the

burning material so that air is excluded

3. By removing the fuel: Fuel can be any

combustible material-solid, liquid or gas. In

place of usage you require theseelements

but definitely in event of fire a means to cutthe fuel must be considered for instance

turning off a fuel line.

4. By disrupting: Interrupting the chemical

chain reaction can extinguish the fire.


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FIRE

EXTINGUISHERTYPES & USES

Stored-pressure water

Extinguishers

Suitability: Class - A fires

contain water under pressure

and are usually quite large andheavy

effective against fires involving:wood, paper, plastic, rubber ortextiles

is safe to use around energizedelectrical fires provided that donot place any portion of theextinguisher within ten inches(10") of theelectrical source.

The misting nozzle provides safetyfrom electric shock and reduces thescattering of burning materials.


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FIRE


Carbon-dioxide

(CO2) Extinguishers

Suitability: Class - B & C fires

based on the principle of

lowering the percentage of

oxygen within the fire area

The rapid expansion of the

gas on discharging produces

a refrigerating effect

do not leave a harmful

residue - a good choice forelectrical machinery and

apparatus, and any situation

where water would be

damaging to the material

after the fire is extinguished


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FIRE


Dry chemical Extinguishers

Suitability: Class - A, B and C fires expel a finely powdered dry

chemical which, on strikingflame, releases many times its

volume in non-toxic fire-extinguishing gases similar toCO2.

consists principally ofbicarbonate of soda contain acartridge of CO2 or nitrogen(depending on size) to expel thedry chemical.

These extinguishers areeffective on fires of flammableliquids in vats and pools, spilledfires on floors, or in any situationwhere the compound streamcan be swept across the burningsurface


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FIRE


Multipurpose Extinguishers

Suitability: Class - A, B, C & D fires

BC Type - based on sodium bicarbonate rpotassium bicarbonate compounds

ABC Type - called multi-purpose ortri-Class -Extinguishers, are capable of fighting all threeclasses of fire

mixtures of ammonium phosphate andammoniumsulphate,

electrically non-conductive

and D Type (powder) - combustible metal

fires. Three main types are in use:

Sodium Chloride

Copper extinguishing agent speciallydeveloped for fighting lithium and lithium alloyfires.

Ternary Eutectic Chloride developedspecifically for uranium fires works similar to

Sodium Chloride. It is extremely toxic.


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Design

Consideration

s General Requirement

mounted on hangers or brackets, on shelves, or in

cabinets

Than 5 feet (1.5m) above the floor and the

bottom is at least 4 inches (10.2 cm)

from the floor

fire extinguishers provided

in building are meant to be

used by occupants as a

first line defence

located in positions where

they will be readily

accessible and immediately

available in the event of fire

be located so that no

person needs to travel

more than 15m to reach anextinguisher.


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Design

Consideration

s Operational Requirement should be remove with force between 20

N and 100 N

discharge of the portable fire

extinguisher shall commence within 10 s the discharge is not less than 90% of the

nominal charge of the agent shall be

discharge from the extinguisher after

continuous discharge including all

expelling gas.


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Design

Consideration

s External corrosion

the pressure indicator is fitted and shall

be remain funtional

The metal of the extinguisher shall be

not corrosion

meet the funtioning test and burst

pressure requirement.

The extinguisher shall be

tested and shall comform tooperational requirement and

extra additional

requirement.the extra

requirement is unimpaired the

all parts of the mechanical

operation


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Design

Consideration

sColour And Marking

red in colour and should be an area

between 3% and 10% of the external

area of the body coloured canary yellow shall be in such a position that can be

clearly read from front when the

extinguisher is on its mounting bracket


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INSPECTION

ANDMAINTENANCE

Inspection

1. The extinguisher shall be in itsdesignated place

2. Access to, orvisibility of,theextinguisher shall not be obstructed

3. The operation instructions on theextinguisher name plate shall belegibleand face outward

4. Any seals or tamper indicators that are

broken or missing shall be replaced

5. Any obvious physical damage,corrosion, leakage, or cloggednozzles shall be noted.

6. Pressure-gauge readings when not

in the operable range shall be no

NFPA 10, 4-3.1 Frequency.

Fire extinguishers shall beinspected when initially placed

in service and thereafter at

approximately 30 -day

intervals. Fire extinguishers

shall be inspected at more

frequent intervals when

circumstances require.


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INSPECTION

ANDMAINTENANCE

Maintenance

to give maximum assurance that anextinguisher will operate effectively andsafely

shall be performed at regular intervals,not more than 1 year apart or whenspecifically indicated by an inspection

extinguishers removed from thepremises to be recharged shall bereplaced by spare extinguishers duringthe period they are gone

Disposable fire extinguishers can beused only once and must be replacedafter one use or 12 years from the dateof manufacture

Certification records include the date ofthe test,

NFPA 10, 4-4.1 Frequency:

Fire extinguishers shall be

subjected to maintenance at

intervals of not more than one

year, at the time of hydrostatic

test, or when specifically

indicated by an inspection.

*Maintenance procedures shall

be performed in accordancewith 4 -4.2\


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INSPECTION

ANDMAINTENANCEHydrostaticTests

to evaluate the containers strength

against unwanted failure

an extinguisher shows evidence of

corrosion or mechanical injury, it should

be subjected to hydrostatic pressure

tests or replaced

Hydrostatic testing isperformed by filling thecontainer with water or anothernon-compressible fluid that is

compatible with the fireextinguisher container. Thepressure is then increased onthe container to a specific pointas required by themanufacturer or Federal safetystandards, and the container isinspected for potential failurepoints. The pressure must bemaintained for at least 30seconds


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Hydrostatic Test Table

Extinguisher Type HydrostaticTest Interval (Years)

Stored Pressure Water Extinguisher 5

Foam 5

Dry chemical with Stainless Steel shells

or soldered brass shells 5

Dry chemical, cartridge operated with

mild steel shells 12

Carbon-dioxide 5


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Fixed gaseous systems


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INTRODUCTION

used to protect areas containing a critical equipment such as data processing rooms, telecommunication switches,and process control rooms.

part of systems :-

agent storage contenders

agent release valve

fire detectors

fire detection system which are wiring control panel

actuation signalling

agent delivery piping

agent dispersion nozzles

Types of fixed gaseous system:-

Carbon Dioxide

Halon systems

FM-200

Inergen Gas

Hartindo

Aerosol.


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FM-200

INTRODUCTION

used in Firetrace pre-engineered automatic indirect firesuppression units or a actual name is Heptafluoropropane.

It is colourless odourless gas, electrically non-conductive, low intoxicity, leaves no residue, and is an extremely effective firesuppression agent.


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Picture of FM-200


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DESIGN CONSIDERED

The pipe work design is critical and must make sure the gas is

release in 10 second. the quantity of nozzles will be determined by the throw from

each nozzle and the maximum quantity gas that can flowthrough a nozzle.

The amount of gas required must be determined form the

volume of the protected space.


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COMPONENTS

FM-200 Cylinder

Store the FM-200

Cylinder Mounting Bracket

A wall mounted painted steel bracket is used to support the cylinder/valveassembly in a vertical position

Firetrace Flexible Detector/Actuation Tubing

The Firetrace tubing is used as a mixture linear heat detector and unit activationdevice to cause actuation of the FM-200 agent cylinder

Discharge Nozzles

Discharge nozzles are used to distribute FM-200 agent uniformly throughout thehazard area

Pressure Switch

used to display unit pressure, unit actuation and or to energize or de-energizeelectrically operated equipment.

Recharge Adapters

used for refilling the cylinder with FM-200 agent.

PROCEDURE OF INSPECTION AND


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PROCEDURE OF INSPECTION ANDTESTING

arrange for operational training to each shift of the ownerspersonnel

offer complete operation and maintenance instruction

manuals. All aspects of system operation and maintenanceshall be detailed, including piping isometrics, wiring diagramsof all circuits, a written description of the system design,sequence of operation and drawing(s) illustrating control logicand equipment used in the system

Checklists and procedures for emergency situations,troubleshooting techniques, maintenance operations andprocedures shall be included in the manual.


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The tests shall demonstrate that the entire control system functions asdesigned and intended. All circuits shall be tested.

A room pressurization test shall be conducted, in each protectedspace, to determine the presence of openings which would affectthe agent concentration levels

shall provide two inspections of each system, installed under thiscontract, during the one-year warranty period

The first inspection shall be at the six-month interval, and the secondinspection at the 12-month interval, after system acceptance.

, documents certifying satisfactory system operation shall besubmitted to the owner upon completion of each inspection.


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INERGEN

INTRODUCTION

mixture of nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide

specially developed to provide fire protection for sensitiveelectrical and electronic instruments and equipment.


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PICTURE OF INERGEN


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COMPONENT

Cylinder Assembly

The cylinder assembly is of steel assembly with a red standard finish.

Electric Actuator

Electric actuation of an agent cylinder is accomplished by an electricactuator interfaced through an autopulse Control System. Thisactuator can be used in hazardous environments where the ambienttemperature range is between 32 F and 130 F

Detection System

The autopulse control system is used where an automatic electronic

control system is required to actuate the inergen system. Nozzles

Nozzles are considered to direct the discharge of Inergen agent usingthe stored pressure from the cylinders


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Cont

Pressure Reducer

required in the distribution piping to limit the flow of Inergen agent,

thus reducing the agent pressure down stream of the reducer

Pipe and Fittings


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ECO-CHARACTERISTICS

no ozone depleting potential, does not contribute to globalwarming, nor does it contribute unique chemical species withextended atmospheric lifetimes

. Because inergen agent is composed of atmospheric gases, itdoes not pose the problems of toxicity associated with thechemically derived Halon alternative agents.


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DESIGN AND OPERATION

As inert fire suppression systems are stored as gas it makesthem very flexible allowing us to design systems with multiplebanks of cylinders protecting multiple enclosures. This negatesthe need for individual banks of cylinders for each enclosure.Using directional valves multiple rooms can be piped back toa central bank of cylinders and when a detector detects a firethe correct valve is operated and the gas will be dischargedinto the correct enclosure. Also cylinders can be stored awayfrom the protected enclosure within a plant room or storagearea thereby making more efficient use of operational space


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TESTING

Evidence of satisfactory testing for the functioning of all partshould be the surveyor satisfaction. Testing schedules shouldinclude confirmation of proper functioning of alarms andsafety system, valves, leakages, interlocks, flow and gasanalysis and vibration level.


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HALON

Halon is a liquefied, compressed gas that stops the spread of

fire by chemically disrupting combustion Halon 1211 (a liquid streaming agent) and Halon 1301 (a

gaseous flooding agent) leave no residue and are remarkablysafe for human exposure

are low-toxicity, chemically stable compounds that, as long as

they remain contained in cylinders, are easily recyclable.


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PICTURE OF HALON


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HALON FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMINSPECTION

During inspection, the quantity of extinguishing agent and thepressure of refillable containers must be checked. If inspectionshows at least a five percent loss in net weight or a 10 percentdrop in pressure, the system must be refilled or replaced.


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ECO-CHARACTERISTIC

is its ability to extinguish fire without the production of residuesthat could damage the assets being protected

Halon protects computer and communication roomsthroughout the electronics industry; it has numerous militaryapplications on ships, aircraft and tanks and helps ensuresafety on all commercial aircraft.

Halons are low-toxicity, chemically stable compounds thathave been used for fire and explosion protection from early in

the last century

is a highly effective agent for firefighting in closed passengercarrying areas.


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CO2 CARBON DIOXIDE

INTRODUCTION

Co2 fixed gaseous systems is commonly used for the ships enginerooms, pump rooms, separator rooms, diesel generator rooms and

rooms containing electrical and electronic equipment. Its hasexcellent fire-extinguishing capabilities and is relativelyinexpensive, but may pose a serious risk to personnel. This because,the primarily extinguishes fires by reducing the available oxygen inthe atmosphere

However, co2 fixed gaseous systems has a highly valued for their

specific features. For example, co2 fire suppression results inminimal damage. Co2 also not conduct electricity thus leading toa widespread use in on board spaces filled with sensitive andvaluable electronic equipment and machinery.


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COMPONENT

Discharge nozzels

A discharge nozzle is a device designed to release the

extinguishing agent at a specific rate and design to quickly

extinguish a fire

Piping

The piping network is considered to properly issue the extinguishing

agent to the protected areas.

Control panel

The control panel monitors and integrates all components

together and controls the audible and visual alarms and discharge

functions


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Discharge Alarm or Signaling Devices

Each area protected by a fixed extinguishing system must have a

distinctive alarm or signal to alert occupants that the system is discharging

Extinguishing Agent Storage Containers

Storage containers hold the extinguishing agent until it is needed and can

be high or low pressure cylinders or tanks


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SYSTEM TESTING

Concentration Test

After initial installation, rewind, upgrade, or major modificationof the unit or CO2 system, a Concentration test should be

performed to demonstrate the ability of the air housing andmachine to maintain the needed CO2 concentration. This testverifies:

Operation of air housing pressure relief devices

Bearing pressure equalization features

CO2 concentration achieved

Time duration that CO2 concentration is maintained after initial

and delayed releases


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Functional Tests

A CO2 system functional test must be performed simulating an actualfire using smoke bombs, local heaters, or other methods to testoperation of the detectors and sensors. This test should be repeatedevery 5 years. Although discharge of CO2 is not required during thistest, operation of the discharge valve or pneumatic/electricaldischarge devices should be verified. Annually, a functional test of

the control/protection circuits should be performed. This test mustinclude verification that the unit differential relay would initiate CO2discharge. Although discharge of CO2 is not required during this test,operation of the discharge valve or pneumatic/ electrical dischargedevices should be verified.


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PICTURE OF CO2 GAS


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CASE STUDY

Our case study for fixed gaseous system has been conduct ingreen building factory, which is located at Nibong Tebal Personal

Care Sdn Bhd (228234-U). Lot7278, Jalan Perusahaan 3, KawasanPerindustrian Parit Buntar. 34200 Parit Buntar, Perak DarulRedzuan. Own by Personnel Care Resources SDn. Bhd.

This company are running manufacturing factory that areproduced personnel daily care stuff. Such as, tissue, shower spanand the others. The factory are employed 167 person to runningthe manufacturing work processes. The size of the factory aredouble of the football field. That are divided into a few part likestore, plant and machineries and administration part.


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The use of machineries and plant to process the product, the factoryused heavy electric current to supply the machine power. To running

directly. Because of the usage of power are heavy, the risks of fire arehigh. The factory are built with power room that are installed fixed gassystem to prevent while emergency happen at the factory.

The company choose to installed fixed gaseous system use carbonDioxide(CO2). The maintenance and inspection of the installed

extinguisher are running by their own maintenance department. Thesize of the power room is around 12x 18 feet. The maintenancedepartment cares about the power room because the power aresupply is important to their factory.


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Picture of case study


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Position of co2 gaseous located

Co2 gaseous system is dangerous to human because reducing the

available oxygen in the atmosphere. So that the co2 gaseous systemlocated far from working place. The co2 is use in power room for thiscompany. For safety, the safety officer, En. Enrico Syafiq bin Ismailsuggest to worker to prevent from passing through the area.


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Factor chosen a co2 gaseous system

Co2 is suitable to located at power room. This is because, co2

gaseous system has excellent fire-extinguishing capabilitiesand is relatively inexpensive. If compare to other gaseoussystem, co2 is more capabilities to prevent a wiring andelectrical for the power room. Then, co2 have a morecheapest than another gaseous system. Besides that, factorchosen the co2 gaseous system is not conduct electricity thus

leading to a widespread use in on board spaces filled withsensitive and valuable electronic equipment and machinery.


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Maintenance and inspection plan of the

factory by Maintenance Department

Good working order and readily available for immediate use isshall be apply to the fixed gas system extinguisher.Maintenance department of the factory carried out the planof maintenance and inspection due to maintenance andinspection procedures and instruction, required schedules forperiodic maintenance and inspection and record ofinspections and maintenance that including corrective actions

taken to maintain the system in operable condition


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Monthly Inspections

At least every 30 daysa general visual inspection should be made of the overall systemcondition for obvious signs of damage and shoul include verification that

All stop valves are in the closed position All releasing controls are in the proper position and readily accessible for immediate use

All discharge piping and pneumatic tubing has not been damage.

All high pressure cylinders are in place and properly secured

The alarm devices are in place and do not appear damaged

The pressure gauge is reading in the normal range

The liquid level indicator is reading within the proper level

The manually operated storage tank main service valve is secures in the open position

The vapour supply line valve is secured in the open position


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Anual inspection

The following minimum level of maintenance and inspection should be carried out inaccordance with the system manufacturers instructions and safety precaution:

The boundaries of the protected space should be visually inspected to confirm that nomodifications have been made to the enclosure that have created uncloseable openings

that would render the system ineffective

All storage containers should be visually inspected for any signs of damage, rust or loosemounting hardware. Cylinders that are leaking, corroded, dented or bulging should behydrostatically retested or replaced.

System piping should be visually inspected to check for damage, loose supports andcorrosion. Nozzles should be inspected to ensure they have not been obstructed by storageof spare parts or a new installation of structure or machine

The manifold should be inspected to verify that all flexible discharge hoses and fittings areproperly tightened

All entrance doors to the protected space should close properly and should have warningsigns, which indicate that the space is protected by a fixed carbon dioxide system andthat personnel should evacuate immediately if the alarms sound. All remote releasingcontrols should be checked for clear operating instructions and indication as to the spaceserved.


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Thank you

portable and fixed gaseous systems.pptx

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