chap1 hardware
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Computer Hardware
• Facilitate the storage and processing of data under the direction of a stored program.
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There are many parts that work together to make a computer
work.
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Types of DevicesDigital versus Analog - Most computers today are digital. Their
circuits have only two possible states, such as “Off” and “On” or “0” and “1”.
- An analog device operates on continuously varying data and has an infinite number of possible states.
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Basic Hardware units of a computer
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Arithmeticand Logic Unit
ControlInput Output
Main Memory
Secondarystorage
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Computer Hardware
• CPU
• Memory (RAM)
• Motherboard
• Hard Disk
• System Unit
• Power supply
•Network Card
•Sound Card
•CD/ DVD Rom Drive
•Video Card
•Input Devices
•Output Devices
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What is the system unit?
A boxlike case that houses the computer’s main hardware components
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CPU• also called “The Chip”, a CPU, a processor, a
microprocessor or “brain” of the computer.
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What are the components of the CPU?
Control unit
Arithmetic-Logic
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Control Unit- Coordinates and controls all parts of the computer system
Manages four basic operations (machine cycle)
Fetch- Gets next program instruction from the computer’s memory
Decode- Figure out what the program is telling the computer to do
Execute- Perform the requested action
Write-back (Store)- Write (store) the results to a register or to memory
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Control unit ALU
Memory
How a CPU worksClick to animate. Click one time only
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Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU)
-Perform basic arithmetic or logic operations
-Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide
-Compare two items to see which one is larger or smaller
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Registers
• Stores the most frequently used instructions and data.
• The instruction pointer
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- A term for a device that enables the computer to retain (store) information.- Holds instructions for processing data, processed data, and raw data.
Memory (RAM)
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WEB
KEYBOARD
CPU
RAM
MONITOR
CLICK TO BEGIN ANIMATION
HOW DOES RAM WORK?
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Motherboard-Large printed circuit board with thousands of electrical circuits where most of the electronics including the CPU are mounted
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Hard Disk
• Capacity is measured in gigabytes (GB or billions of bytes).
• Typically permanently installed.
• Used to store operating system, application software, utilities and data
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Power supplyIt supplies DC power to the other components in a computer.
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Network Card
• A circuit board that permits a computer to participate in a computer network.
• has a unique number; this is used for addressing. It is called the MAC address.
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Sound Card
• is an internal computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer.
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CD/ DVD Rom Drive
• Optical storage device.• Used more often now for backup
storage
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Video Card
• Connects the computer to the monitor. It is a circuit board attached to the motherboard that contains the memory and other circuitry necessary to send information to the monitor for display on screen.
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Input Devices
• Input is all information put into a computer. Input can be supplied from a variety of sources:– A person– A storage device on computer – Another computer– A peripheral device– Another piece of equipment
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Input Devices
• Input devices gather and translate data into a form the computer understands.
• Primary input device:– Keyboard - Most common input device;
used to type in commands and data.– Mouse or trackball enhances user’s
ability to input commands, manipulate text, images.
– Joystick useful in education as an adaptive or assistive input device. NEXT
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Input Devices
• Scanners are peripheral input devices which allow users to import:– Text , Graphics and Images
• Digital Cameras are peripheral input devices that allow users to create pictures and/or movies in a digital format.
• Microphone - Allows the user to record sounds as input to their computer.
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Output Devices
Those parts of the computer that provide results of computation to the person using the computer.
• Monitors are the most commonly used output device.
- connected to a computer system via a port integrated on the video adapter or graphics card.
• Printers- An output device that produces a hard copy on paper.
• Speakers - Used to generate or reproduce voice, music, and other sounds.
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